@inproceedings{SchmidBhogarajuRiedeletal.2021, author = {Schmid, Maximilian and Bhogaraju, Sri Krishna and Riedel, Andreas and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Development of an in-line capable transient thermal analysis equipment for a power module with five half bridges}, booktitle = {2020 26th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-7643-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/THERMINIC49743.2020.9420493}, pages = {268 -- 273}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ContiLiuBhogarajuetal.2021, author = {Conti, Fosca and Liu, E and Bhogaraju, Sri Krishna and Lenz, Christoph and Seitz, Roland and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Stress evaluations of silicon nitride chips bonded onto copper substrates via SAC soldering, AuSn soldering, and copper sintering}, booktitle = {2020 26th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-7643-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/THERMINIC49743.2020.9420523}, pages = {204 -- 208}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KeimTetzlaffElger2020, author = {Keim, Simon and Tetzlaff, Ulrich and Elger, Gordon}, title = {The influence of different-sized Ni micro- and nanopowders on the processing and microstructural properties of Sn-Ag-Cu-solder with low Ag content}, booktitle = {Proceedings: IEEE 70th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, ECTC 2020}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-6180-8}, issn = {2377-5726}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC32862.2020.00312}, pages = {2005 -- 2012}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BhogarajuContiElger2020, author = {Bhogaraju, Sri Krishna and Conti, Fosca and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Copper die bonding using copper formate based pastes with α-terpineol, amino-2-propanol and hexylamine as binders}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE 8th Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-6293-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC48849.2020.9229801}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ContiLiuBhogarajuetal.2020, author = {Conti, Fosca and Liu, E and Bhogaraju, Sri Krishna and Wunderle, Bernhard and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Finite Element simulations and Raman measurements to investigate thermomechanical stress in GaN-LEDs}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE 8th Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-6293-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC48849.2020.9229843}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KuehnPandeyZippeliusetal.2020, author = {K{\"u}hn, Stephan and Pandey, Amit and Zippelius, Andreas and Schneider, Klaus and Erdogan, H{\"u}seyin and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Analysis of package design of optic modules for automotive cameras to realize reliable image sharpness}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE 8th Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-6293-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC48849.2020.9229786}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{HanzlHartmannHoelzleetal.2021, author = {Hanzl, Christian and Hartmann, Christoph and H{\"o}lzle, Markus and Liebhart, Bernhard and Schmid, Michael and Endisch, Christian}, title = {Current commutation in a switched lithium-ion cell used in cascaded half-bridge multilevel inverters}, volume = {14}, journal = {IET Power Electronics}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1755-4543}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088}, pages = {1073 -- 1088}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In order to improve the efficiency of battery electric vehicles, the utilization of reconfigurable batteries and multilevel inverters based on low-voltage Si MOSFETs gains growing attention. Focusing on the half-bridge as basic switching unit, this paper examines voltage and current waveforms during switching. It is shown that the current commutation speed depends on various factors such as sign and amplitude of the current as well as the particular switching scenario. For instance, turning off a positive cell current takes 0.21 𝜇s while turning it on takes 0.9 𝜇s. In addition, it is revealed that depending on the switching scenario and current direction, the lithium-ion cell supports or opposes the remagnetization of the parasitic inductances and therefore the switching losses of the MOSFETs. Switching a positive load current of 125 A from active to bypass converts 276 𝜇J into heat while switching from bypass to active converts merely 32.5 𝜇J into heat.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidKneidingerEndisch2020, author = {Schmid, Michael and Kneidinger, Hans-Georg and Endisch, Christian}, title = {Data-driven fault diagnosis in battery systems through cross-cell monitoring}, volume = {21}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {1558-1748}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3017812}, pages = {1829 -- 1837}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KleinerHeiderHanzletal.2020, author = {Kleiner, Jan and Heider, Alexander and Hanzl, Christian and Komsiyska, Lidiya and Elger, Gordon and Endisch, Christian}, title = {Thermal behavior of an intelligent li-ion cell under vehicle conditions}, booktitle = {Proceedings: IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-5414-5}, issn = {2577-1647}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON43393.2020.9254336}, pages = {2081 -- 2086}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{SequeiraBrandmeier2020, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Evaluation and characterization of crash-pulses for head-on collisions with varying overlap crash scenarios}, volume = {2020}, journal = {Transportation Research Procedia}, number = {48}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-1465}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.156}, pages = {1306 -- 1315}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Activation time for activating the occupant restraint systems (airbag and seatbelt) is very critical for an optimal safety action. A crash-pulse is the deceleration of the vehicle measured during in a crash. The shape, slope, maximum deceleration and duration of the crash-pulse provides significant information over the nature of occupant motions during in-crash phase and hence the crash severity. The above parameters of the crash-pulse not only depend on the mass and impact velocity but also on the crash configuration (position of impact, overlap, relative approach angle etc.). This study focuses on analysis and characterization of crash-pulses in head-on collision cases with varying overlap configurations. The paper describes causes for occupant injuries during a crash, crash-pulse and its important physical parameters, and different methodologies used to analyse the crash-pulse. Finite element simulation method is used to study the crash-pulses from different crash configurations. A new severity index that has direct influence on the occupant kinematics is defined. The results show that the steep decrease of crash-pulse for small overlap configurations (less than 25 percent of vehicle width) lags by 20 to 25 milliseconds as compared to configurations with large overlaps. The shape of the crash-pulse also changes for crash scenarios with different overlap configurations. The results, discussion and conclusion sections of this paper provide a summary of crash behaviour of varying overlap crash scenarios and insights that can be used for deployment of restraint systems.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidBhogarajuElger2021, author = {Schmid, Maximilian and Bhogaraju, Sri Krishna and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Characterization of copper sintered interconnects by transient thermal analysis}, booktitle = {2021 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP 2021)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-4-9911-9111-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.23919/ICEP51988.2021.9451966}, pages = {71 -- 72}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BhogarajuSchmidHufnageletal.2021, author = {Bhogaraju, Sri Krishna and Schmid, Maximilian and Hufnagel, Elias and Conti, Fosca and Kotadia, Hiren R. and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Low temperature and low pressure die-attach bonding of high power light emitting diodes with self reducing copper complex paste}, booktitle = {IEEE 71st Electronic Components and Technology Conference ECTC 2021, Proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-4097-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC32696.2021.00094}, pages = {526 -- 531}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PascucciContiBhogarajuetal.2021, author = {Pascucci, Jacopo and Conti, Fosca and Bhogaraju, Sri Krishna and Signorini, Raffaella and Liu, E and Pedron, Danilo and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Micro-Raman to detect stress phenomena in Si-chips bonded onto Cu substrates}, booktitle = {Integrated Optics: Design, Devices, Systems and Applications VI}, editor = {Cheben, Pavel and Čtyrok{\´y}, Jiř{\´i} and Molina-Fern{\´a}ndez, I{\~n}igo}, publisher = {SPIE}, address = {Bellingham}, isbn = {978-1-5106-4385-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576414}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ContiLuxBhogarajuetal.2021, author = {Conti, Fosca and Lux, Kerstin and Bhogaraju, Sri Krishna and Liu, E and Lenz, Christoph and Seitz, Roland and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Raman spectroscopy to investigate gallium nitride light emitting diodes after assembling onto copper substrates}, booktitle = {Optical Sensors 2021}, editor = {Baldini, Francesco and Homola, Jiri and Lieberman, Robert A.}, publisher = {SPIE}, address = {Bellingham}, isbn = {978-1-5106-4379-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2591947}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TavakolibastiMeszmerBoettgeretal.2021, author = {Tavakolibasti, M. and Meszmer, P. and B{\"o}ttger, Gunnar and Kettelgerdes, Marcel and Elger, Gordon and Erdogan, H{\"u}seyin and Seshaditya, A. and Wunderle, Bernhard}, title = {Thermo-mechanical-optical coupling within a digital twin development for automotive LiDAR}, booktitle = {2021 22nd International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-1373-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/EuroSimE52062.2021.9410831}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LiuContiBhogarajuetal.2021, author = {Liu, E and Conti, Fosca and Bhogaraju, Sri Krishna and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Simulations and experiments to analyze stress phenomena in soldered and sintered interconnections between silicon nitride chips and copper substrates}, booktitle = {2021 22nd International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-1373-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/EuroSimE52062.2021.9410869}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AgrawalElger2021, author = {Agrawal, Shiva and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Concept of infrastructure based environment perception for IN2Lab test field for automated driving}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-4919-9}, issn = {2687-8860}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC253183.2021.9562894}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{SequeiraPatelAfrajetal.2020, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Patel, Akshay and Afraj, Shahabaz and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {FEM-based methodology for crash severity estimation in frontal crash scenarios}, volume = {2020}, pages = {012019}, journal = {IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering}, number = {831}, publisher = {IOP}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1757-899X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/831/1/012019}, year = {2020}, abstract = {With the technological development of forward-looking sensors, researchers are exploring their use not only for advanced driver assistance systems but also to gain important pre-crash information. Based on this pre-crash information, if the occupant motion inside the vehicle structure can be predicted for the oncoming crash scenario, then an optimal restraint strategy can be planned before the crash. This paper introduces a two-step FEM simulation based methodology for predicting the occupant severity in head-on crash scenarios. In the first step, we simulate the vehicle level model with different impact positions and relative approach angles. The results of these simulations, linear velocities in the longitudinal and lateral direction and angular velocities (roll, pitch, and yaw) during in-crash phase are the loading conditions for next simulation step (occupant level). This step simulates the motion of the driver in different crash scenarios. In this paper, we investigate the head, neck, and chest injury risks from vehicle-to-vehicle crash both traveling at 50 kilometers per hour. Prediction of the head injury criterion, identifying the cases where additional deployment of side-airbags and discussion of injury criteria with contour plots are the main outcome of this paper.}, language = {en} } @article{GeisbauerWoehrlLottetal.2021, author = {Geisbauer, Christian and W{\"o}hrl, Katharina and Lott, Susanne and Nebl, Christoph and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Goertz, Roland and Kubjatko, Tibor}, title = {Scenarios involving accident-damaged electric vehicles}, volume = {2021}, journal = {Transportation Research Procedia}, number = {55}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-1465}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.07.136}, pages = {1484 -- 1489}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Electrically propelled cars will play a major role on the streets, not only in the far, but also in the near future. In this work, an overview on the possible risks arising from electric vehicles is given that involves electrical, chemical and thermal hazards. Additionally, an analysis on different scenarios involving damaged electric vehicles, the involved parties, as well as their risk assessment in terms of hazard rating is presented. Furthermore, two scenarios are explained and addressed with more detail. With the derived risks of the battery and with possible crash scenarios presented, the still existing uncertainties for handling damaged electric vehicles are addressed, followed by a discussion on ways to overcome this problem.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RitzRatkePhanetal.2021, author = {Ritz, Fabian and Ratke, Daniel and Phan, Thomy and Belzner, Lenz and Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia}, title = {A sustainable ecosystem through emergent cooperation in multi-agent reinforcement learning}, volume = {2021}, pages = {isal_a_00399}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Artificial Life Conference 2021}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00399}, year = {2021}, language = {en} }