@article{GedeonHuber2025, author = {Gedeon, Steven and Huber, Florian}, title = {Using AI-Enabled Images and Comic Narrative to Enhance Entrepreneurship Education}, volume = {9}, journal = {Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {2515-1274}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/25151274251358708}, pages = {327 -- 345}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This learning innovation is an engaging technique to help students learn abstract concepts such as entrepreneurship theory, mindsets, and methods in a playful and exciting way. We explore how current AI tools can be used by entrepreneurship educators to enhance their course materials by creating memorable images and story-based, highly visual comic book content ("graphic novels"). We implemented these enhancements in an interactive learning platform based on Articulate Storyline and tested them in an introductory entrepreneurship course with over 2000 students per year on building an entrepreneurial mindset. In this article, we include sample copies of the images and graphic novel comics and highlight key methods, lessons, results, and design artifacts created during the course of our learning journey. Educators may add these free Open Educational Resource (OER) assets to their own courses by linking to the online version. We believe this approach to entrepreneurship education enhances students' engagement, memory retention, and the ability to identify and name underlying concepts and entrepreneurship theories. We hope to spark the interest of other entrepreneurship educators to use similar approaches at their universities.}, language = {en} } @article{AzzamSauerEndischetal.2025, author = {Azzam, Mohamed and Sauer, Dirk Uwe and Endisch, Christian and Lewerenz, Meinert}, title = {Comprehensive Analysis of Float Current Behavior and Calendar Aging Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume = {9}, pages = {e202500349}, journal = {Batteries \& Supercaps}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2566-6223}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500349}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Aiming to quantify degradation currents from solid electrolyte interphase formation (ISEIgrowth) and gain of active lithium due to cathode lithiation (ICL), resulting from electrolyte decomposition, the float current behavior of lithium-ion batteries is investigated with different cathode materials. The float current, IFloat , represents the recharge current required to maintain the cell at a fixed potential during calendar aging. This current arises as lithium is irreversibly consumed at the anode or inserted into the cathode, shifting the electrode potentials. To account for the asymmetric response of the electrodes, a voltage-dependent scaling factor, SF, is introduced, derived from the slopes of the electrode-specific voltage curves. Using this factor in combination with measured float currents and capacity loss rates from check-up tests, ISEIgrowth and ICL is quantified at 30 °C across various float voltages. Although the SF and capacity data are limited to 30 °C, the model is extended to a range of 5-50 °C using only float current measurements. The results show that using capacity loss rates alone underestimate ISEIgrowth and that ICL, contributes significantly to the observed float current at elevated voltages, indicating that cathode lithiation plays an increasingly important role in high-voltage calendar aging.}, language = {en} } @thesis{Schlereth2024, author = {Schlereth, Dunja Veronika}, title = {Die Transformation interner Kreationsprozesse bei der Ideenfindung in Marketing- und Kreativagenturen durch die Verschmelzung von k{\"u}nstlicher und menschlicher Kreativit{\"a}t}, subtitle = {eine Analyse von Best-Practice-Modellen}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt}, address = {Ingolstadt}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-55632}, pages = {60, XI}, school = {Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Angesichts der dynamischen Fortschritte in der KI-Technologie und den damit einhergehenden neuen M{\"o}glichkeiten in der Kreativwirtschaft, strebt diese Arbeit danach, zu erforschen, wie der Ideenfindungsprozess von Marketingagenturen zwischen KI und menschlicher Kreativit{\"a}t mit Hinblick auf die spezifischen Kreativit{\"a}tsanforderungen verschiedener Teilprozesse gestaltet werden kann. Die methodologische Herangehensweise kombiniert theoretische Forschung, die sich insbesondere auf die Analyse etablierter Modelle fokussiert, mit qualitativen Experteninterviews. Dabei wurde ein Schwerpunkt auf die Analyse von Best- Practice-Modellen gelegt, um bestehende Praktiken und das Potenzial der KI- Integration zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurden verschiedene Phasen des Ideenfindungsprozesses und die spezifischen Kreativit{\"a}tsanforderungen an diese Phasen identifiziert, sowie die effektive Integration von KI in diese Prozesse evaluiert. Die zentralen Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass KI insbesondere in den fr{\"u}hen Stadien des Ideenfindungsprozesses effektiv zur Generierung erg{\"a}nzender Impulse und zur Unterst{\"u}tzung menschlicher Kreativit{\"a}t eingesetzt werden kann. Ihre F{\"a}higkeiten in fortgeschrittenen Kreativit{\"a}tsstufen, vor allem in den Bereichen der assoziativen, transformationellen Kreativit{\"a}t, sind jedoch begrenzt. Es wurde deutlich, dass die tiefgreifende kognitive Verarbeitung und emotionale Bewertung, die in den sp{\"a}teren Phasen der Kreation erforderlich sind, sowie eine sorgf{\"a}ltige Abstimmung und menschliche {\"U}berwachung w{\"a}hrend des gesamten Prozesses entscheidend von menschlichen F{\"a}higkeiten abh{\"a}ngen. Die Arbeit entwickelt ein Rahmenwerk, das darlegt, wie KI systematisch in den kreativen Prozess integriert werden kann, um sowohl die Effizienz als auch die kreative Qualit{\"a}t zu verbessern, ohne dabei die wesentliche Rolle menschlicher Intuition und emotionaler Intelligenz zu schm{\"a}lern.}, language = {de} } @article{VolpatodeSouzaPintoPereiraNeumeieretal.2025, author = {Volpato, Guilherme and de Souza Pinto Pereira, Adriano and Neumeier, Steffen and Hotza, Dachamir and G{\"o}ken, Mathias and Tetzlaff, Ulrich and Fredel, M{\´a}rcio Celso}, title = {Influence of a Standard Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of Inconel X-750 Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion}, volume = {27}, pages = {2500306}, journal = {Advanced Engineering Materials}, number = {24}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1527-2648}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500306}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The production of nickel-base superalloys through powder bed fusion using a laser beam (PBF-LB) offers a promising method for reducing the cost of aeronautical components, especially those with complex geometries. However, when these materials are processed using PBF-LB, the standard heat treatments developed for conventional manufacturing routes do not consistently yield predictable microstructures or mechanical properties. Thus, this study analyzes how PBF-LB affects the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Inconel alloy X-750 when compared to a hot-rolled counterpart after undergoing a standard precipitation-hardening heat treatment (solution annealing, stabilization, and precipitation). Microstructure is examined using analytical electron microscopy and high-energy X-ray diffraction, while mechanical behavior is assessed through microhardness. Significant differences between both manufacturing routes are detected, so that PBF-LB processing led to an increase in grain size, anisotropy, fraction of low-angle grain boundaries, mean angle of misorientation, and dislocation density. Moreover, PBF-LB promoted the formation of γ′-Ni3(Al,Ti) and η-Ni3Ti phases during solution annealing and stabilization, respectively. Notably, the formation of γ′ contributes to an anomalous microhardness increase observed between these steps. These findings suggest that PBF-LB may inhibit recrystallization and facilitate precipitation during heat treatment, thereby affecting the performance of components produced using this technology.}, language = {en} } @article{RosbachAmmelingGanzetal.2026, author = {Rosbach, Emely and Ammeling, Jonas and Ganz, Jonathan and Bertram, Christof and Conrad, Thomas and Riener, Andreas and Aubreville, Marc}, title = {Stuck on Suggestions: Automation Bias, the Anchoring Effect, and the Factors That Shape Them in Computational Pathology}, volume = {3}, pages = {2026:007}, journal = {Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging}, number = {MELBA-BVM 2025 Special Issue}, publisher = {Melba editors}, address = {[s. l.]}, issn = {2766-905X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-87b1}, pages = {126 -- 147}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven clinical decision support systems (CDSS) hold promise to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in computational pathology. However, collaboration between human experts and AI may give rise to cognitive biases, such as automation and anchoring bias, wherein users may be inclined to blindly adopt system recommendations or be disproportionately influenced by the presence of AI predictions, even when they are inaccurate. These biases may be exacerbated under time pressure, pervasive in routine pathology diagnostics, or shaped by individual user characteristics. To investigate these effects, we conducted a web-based experiment in which trained pathology experts (n = 28) estimated tumor cell percentages twice: once independently and once with the aid of an AI. A subset of the estimates in each condition was performed under time constraints. Our findings indicate that AI integration generally enhances diagnostic performance. However, it also introduced a 7\% automation bias rate, quantified as the number of accepted negative consultations, where a previously correct independent assessment gets overturned by inaccurate AI guidance. While time pressure did not increase the frequency of automation bias occurrence, it appeared to intensify its severity, as evidenced by a performance decline linked to increased automation reliance under cognitive load. A linear mixed-effects model (LMM) analysis, simulating weighted averaging, revealed a statistically significant positive coefficient for AI advice, indicating a moderate degree of anchoring on system output. This effect was further intensified under time pressure, suggesting that anchoring bias may become more pronounced when cognitive resources are limited. A secondary LMM evaluation assessing automation reliance, used as a proxy for both automation and anchoring bias, demonstrated that professional experience and self-efficacy were associated with reduced dependence on system support, whereas higher confidence during AI-assisted decision-making was linked to increased automation reliance. Together, these findings underscore the dual nature of AI integration in clinical workflows, offering performance benefits while also introducing risks of cognitive bias-driven diagnostic errors. As an initial investigation focused on a single medical specialty and diagnostic task, this study aims to lay the groundwork for future research to explore these phenomena across diverse clinical contexts, ultimately supporting the establishment of appropriate reliance on automated systems and the safe, effective integration of human-AI collaboration in medical decision-making.}, language = {en} } @article{RappsilberKruegerRaspeetal.2026, author = {Rappsilber, Tim and Kr{\"u}ger, Simone and Raspe, Tina and Reclo, Rudolf and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Toxic gas emission in electric vehicles: What a battery fire means for occupant safety}, volume = {2026}, pages = {104717}, journal = {Fire Safety Journal}, number = {162}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {1873-7226}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104717}, year = {2026}, abstract = {This work investigates the ability of occupants to escape from a battery electric vehicle during a thermal runaway of the traction battery initiated by nail penetration. Such events generate intense fires and large amounts of toxic gases, rapidly reducing the time available for safe evacuation. In controlled full-scale outdoor experiments on two identical mid-range battery electric vehicles, the smoke gas composition inside the cabin is examined. Using FTIR spectrometers and an oxygen analyzer, temporal and spatial concentrations of organic carbonates, hydrocarbons, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide, acetylene, and oxygen are measured. Sampling locations include the driver's breathing zone, the right rear passenger's breathing zone, and the exterior right rear wheel housing. The study further evaluates occupant's escape capability using the fractional effective dose (FED) model in accordance with ISO 13571. Results show that toxic gases can reach harmful concentrations within minutes after smoke enters the cabin, though smoke entry times vary widely with fire progression. Differences in fire development and smoke dispersion strongly affect FED values and thus the time available for self-rescue. Overall, the findings provide an important basis for assessing occupant safety during battery electric vehicle fires and highlight the need for improved mitigation strategies.}, language = {en} } @article{GlaasPhamMuenstermannetal.2026, author = {Glaas, Saskia and Pham, Huong and M{\"u}nstermann, Hannes and Frey, Dieter}, title = {The Search for Meaning at Work: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cognitive Crafting Intervention}, volume = {11}, pages = {8}, journal = {International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, issn = {2364-5059}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-026-00274-0}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Many employees struggle to experience a sense of meaning in their work, posing a challenge to workplace flourishing. Cognitive crafting—the process of reframing how one interprets their work—can enhance meaningful work and well-being. However, strategies to effectively promote it remain unclear. Building on positive psychology interventions, self-determination theory, and job crafting theory, we developed a brief online intervention using meaning-based reflection and cognitive reframing. Its effectiveness was evaluated in a pre-registered randomized controlled trial ( N = 260) with an active control group, assessing outcomes post-intervention and at one-month follow-up. Compared to the control group, the intervention group reported significantly higher levels of meaningful work, work engagement, and job satisfaction. However, these differences were driven by lower scores in the control group compared to baseline, while the intervention group remained stable. These findings highlight the complexity of designing effective cognitive crafting interventions and underscore the need for further theory-driven research to identify strategies that reliably enhance positive work evaluations and work-related well-being.}, language = {en} } @article{AgricolaBaertlLandesbergeretal.2026, author = {Agricola, Barbara and B{\"a}rtl, Marko and Landesberger, Martin and Zhao, Huan and Palm, Frank and Kerschenlohr, Annegret and J{\"a}gle, Eric A.}, title = {The columnar to bimodal transition of Al-Cr-Mo-Sc-Zr alloys during laser powder bed fusion}, volume = {2026}, pages = {115770}, journal = {Materials \& Design}, number = {264}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0264-1275}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115770}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Aluminium alloys processed via Powder Bed Fusion using a Laser Beam (PBF-LB) enable complex and lightweight components. Especially high-strength and heat-resistant Al alloys are in high demand for aerospace and motorsports applications, but the processability of these alloys remains critical due to hot-cracking along columnar grains. Therefore, the microstructural control of PBF-LB alloys is under increasing consideration. Al-Cr alloys have shown promising high-temperature properties and good processability in previous studies despite having a coarse and fully columnar grain structure. In this study, Al-Cr-Mo-Sc-Zr alloys with different compositions are subjected to phase analysis to understand the transition from fully columnar to bimodal grain structures. Synchrotron diffraction, electron dispersive spectroscopy, and atom probe tomography results have shown that three phases are present, irrespective of the alloys' composition: 𝛼-Al, Al45Cr7, and Al3(Sc,Zr). The introduction of Cr increases the lattice mismatch between 𝛼-Al and Al3(Sc,Zr) and is suspected to hinder grain refinement by Sc and Zr. Various thermodynamic simulations revealed the effect of grain refining elements (Sc+Zr) and Cr on the solidification path. The combination of simulation and experimental investigations led to three hypotheses on the columnar to bimodal transition in Al-Cr alloys. These results will help to further enable the microstructural control of PBF-LB processed alloys.}, language = {en} } @article{NgetunyBaldaufZoerner2026, author = {Ngetuny, Joshua Kiplagat and Baldauf, Tobias and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Evaluating Feedstock Pretreatment Methods to Unlock Co-Digestion in Small-Scale Biogas Systems: A Multi-Criteria Approach to System Integration and Decision Making}, volume = {19}, pages = {1303}, journal = {Energies}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en19051303}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Small-scale biogas plants in developing countries present a viable alternative to traditional polluting energy sources, particularly in rural and underserved communities. These systems typically rely on locally sourced livestock manure; however, inconsistent supply often results in underfeeding, reduced biogas production, and, in many cases, system abandonment. Co-digestion with crop residues presents a promising strategy to enhance feedstock availability and system resilience. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass and limited access to suitable pretreatment technologies have constrained its adoption. This paper evaluates feasible pretreatment methods for integrating crop residues, especially straw, into small-scale biogas systems. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), pretreatment methods are assessed based on five criteria: (i) technology simplicity, (ii) energy requirements, (iii) capital and operational costs, (iv) effectiveness, and (v) environmental impact. The analysis identifies microbial pretreatment using the liquid fraction of digestate, combined with mechanical size reduction, as the most suitable approach for small-scale implementation, utilizing low-cost, simplified mechanical devices adaptable to various crop residues with minimal energy input. A conceptual design of a demonstration plant is proposed to validate this integrated pretreatment approach and assess its impact on biogas yield, system performance, and technology adoption. The design incorporates an on-site digestate separation unit to supply microbial inoculum and emphasizes simplicity and cost-effectiveness in material handling and energy use. Pilot trials are proposed to evaluate key performance indicators, including specific methane yield (LCH4/gVS added), volatile solids reduction (\%), and methane content increase (\%), ensuring evidence-based adoption and practical applicability of the design.}, language = {en} } @article{MionLozaAdaui2020, author = {Mion, Giorgio and Loza Adaui, Cristian Rolando}, title = {Understanding the purpose of benefit corporations: an empirical study on the Italian case}, volume = {5}, pages = {4}, journal = {International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility}, number = {1}, publisher = {SpringerOpen}, address = {Cham}, issn = {2366-0066}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-020-00050-6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Rethinking the traditional understanding of organizational purpose appears to be necessary. A teleological paradigm shift seems to be on its way, changing the focus of attention from considering business organizations as instruments used to generate profits toward a more comprehensive understanding of their purpose and of the benefit they can create for society. Recently, new organizational entities have emerged, accompanied by the renewal of institutional frameworks, among them are benefit corporations. Italy was the first European country to introduce a legal framework to define the benefit corporation as a particular legal entity. The Italian law on the benefit corporations proposes the promotion of firms that pursue the generation of benefit in a responsible, sustainable, and transparent way and considering diverse stakeholders. This paper explores and describes the multidimensional understanding of benefit and purpose of Italian benefit corporations, utilizing qualitative and quantitative content analysis of 94 Italian benefit corporations' purpose declarations, and providing a deep insight into the purpose declared by benefit corporations. The research highlights a certain vagueness in public declarations of the purpose of benefit corporations, even though it is clear that they attempt to differentiate themselves from traditional businesses by focusing on social objectives more than on economic ones. Furthermore, normative compliance emerged, but further normative requirements seem to be needed to make more effective the transformative potentiality of benefit corporations and to avoid risks of opportunistic behaviors.}, language = {en} } @article{LozaAdaui2020, author = {Loza Adaui, Cristian Rolando}, title = {Sustainability Reporting Quality of Peruvian Listed Companies and the Impact of Regulatory Requirements of Sustainability Disclosures}, volume = {12}, pages = {1135}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031135}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Regulations establishing mandatory sustainability reporting practices are proliferating around the world. The empirical evidence comparing sustainability reporting quality (SRQ) in the context of mandatory and voluntary institutional frameworks does not show consensus. Similarly, this occurs with studies addressing the effects of regulatory shocks on SRQ. Moreover, empirical evidence addressing SRQ in Latin American countries is scarce. To fill this gap, this study aims to explore the consequences of introducing new regulatory requirements for sustainability disclosure on SRQ of Peruvian companies. To reach that goal, 81 sustainability disclosure documents published between 2014 and 2016 by 27 companies included in the S\&P/BVL Peru General Index of Lima's Stock Exchange were analyzed using qualitative content analysis methods and adopting a multidimensional approach for SRQ evaluation. The findings show a constant improvement of SRQ regardless of the introduction of the new regulatory requirements. Furthermore, after the entry into force of new sustainability reporting obligations, the number of companies providing third-party independent assurance of the information contained in their sustainability disclosure documents decreases, suggesting that for the Peruvian case, regulatory requirements tend to discourage companies to invest in the credibility of their sustainability disclosure documents, and promote a symbolic application of sustainability disclosure standards.}, language = {en} } @article{MionLozaAdaui2019, author = {Mion, Giorgio and Loza Adaui, Cristian Rolando}, title = {Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure and Its Consequences on the Sustainability Reporting Quality of Italian and German Companies}, volume = {11}, pages = {4612}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {17}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174612}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Companies disclosing nonfinancial information through sustainability reporting practices provide markets with data on their social, environmental, and governance performance. The quality of sustainability reporting is much discussed in the literature because this quality affects factors such as the credibility of accountability and building stakeholders' trust in the company. Nonetheless, the concept of quality is multidimensional, and empirical evidence relating to the quality of sustainability reporting presents different findings. Regulations on mandatory nonfinancial disclosure (NFD) open new perspectives for research on sustainability reporting quality (SRQ). This study explored the effect of introducing mandatory NFD on SRQ by focusing on the effects of new legislation (Directive 2014/95/EU) introduced in Italy and Germany. The analysis was conducted through qualitative content analysis of the sustainability reporting practices of Italian and German companies in the top lists of stock exchanges. Sustainability reporting practices of one year before (2016) and one year after (2017) the implementation of Directive 2014/95/EU were compared. The results of 132 observations demonstrated that the quality of sustainability reporting increased after implementation of the law on mandatory NFD. Further, the effect of the law seemed to reduce the differences in SRQ of the two countries before the introduction of mandatory NFD. The results suggested that obligatoriness of NFD affects SRQ together with other relevant determinants focused on by previous research (e.g., company size and industry type).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GuetleinDjanatliev2020, author = {G{\"u}tlein, Moritz and Djanatliev, Anatoli}, title = {Modeling and Simulation as a Service using Apache Kafka}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications}, editor = {De Rango, Floriano and {\"O}ren, Tuncer and Obaidat, Mohammad S.}, publisher = {SciTePress}, address = {Set{\´u}bal}, isbn = {978-989-758-444-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5220/0009780501710180}, pages = {171 -- 180}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Among other requirements, in the field of Modeling and Simulation there is a need to build and run (co-) simulation models on-demand. Setting up, orchestrating and executing simulations should be easy, while additional features such as interaction interfaces open up a variety of applications. Being able to connect external components seamlessly to a running simulation allows for elaborate experiments. This paper describes the architecture and design of a simulation platform that is a part of a broader platform enabling evaluations of future mobility scenarios. Apache's Kafka platform for big data stream processing is used as a communication base in order to enable all these requirements, as well as for the coupling of different simulation tools forming a co-simulation. We give an overview of existing works regarding Modeling and Simulation as a Service, before explaining our own approach. Therefore, the architecture, the interfaces, and the workflow of a simulation run is described. The approach is illustrated by a case study, which is used to measure the service's overhead.}, language = {en} } @article{Bodenschatz2024, author = {Bodenschatz, Anja}, title = {When own interest stands against the "greater good" - Decision randomization in ethical dilemmas of autonomous systems that involve their user's self-interest}, volume = {2}, pages = {100097}, journal = {Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2949-8821}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100097}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Autonomous systems (ASs) decide upon ethical dilemmas and their artificial intelligence as well as situational settings become more and more complex. However, to study common-sense morality concerning ASs abstracted dilemmas on autonomous vehicle (AV) accidents are a common tool. A special case of ethical dilemmas is when the AS's users are affected. Many people want AVs to adhere to utilitarian programming (e.g., to save the larger group), or egalitarian programming (i.e., to treat every person equally). However, they want their own AV to protect them instead of the "greater good". That people reject utilitarian programming as an AS's user while supporting the idea from an impartial perspective has been termed the "social dilemma of AVs". Meanwhile, preferences for another technical capability, which would implement egalitarian programming, have not been elicited for dilemmas involving self-interest: decision randomization. This paper investigates normative and descriptive preferences for a self-protective, self-sacrificial, or randomized choice by an AS in a dilemma where people are the sole passenger of an AV, and their survival stands against the survival of several others. Results suggest that randomization may mitigate the "social dilemma of AVs" by bridging between a societally accepted programming and the urge of ASs' users for self-protection.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SchaefleDoelling2025, author = {Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and D{\"o}lling, Hanna}, title = {Aktives Lernen in der Hochschullehre planen und f{\"o}rdern mit dem ICAP-Modell}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {3053-2531}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-6690}, pages = {39}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Aktivierende, studierendenzentrierte Lehr- und Lernmethoden k{\"o}nnen lernf{\"o}rderlich sein, doch ist es nicht von vornherein klar, welche Lehrmethoden sich f{\"u}r welches Lernziel am besten eignen und wie die Methoden zu vergleichen sind, so dass Studierende die Lernziele effektiv und effizient erreichen k{\"o}nnen. Mit dem ICAP-Modell (I interaktiv, C konstruktiv, A aktiv, P passiv) k{\"o}nnen die studentischen Lernhandlungen vier Stufen zugeordnet und eine Vorhersage {\"u}ber die Tiefe der zu erwartenden Lernergebnisse getroffen werden (Chi \& Wylie, 2014). Lehrende bekommen mit diesem Modell ein praxistaugliches Werkzeug an die Hand, um den Einsatz von Lernaufgaben zielgerichtet zu planen.}, language = {de} } @article{PandeyMohdVeettiletal.2026, author = {Pandey, Amit and Mohd, Zubair Akhtar and Veettil, Nandana Kappuva and Wunderle, Bernhard and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Quantitative Kernel estimation from traffic signs using slanted edge spatial frequency response as a sharpness metric}, volume = {16}, pages = {7387}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40556-w}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Sharpness is a critical optical property of automotive cameras, measured by the spatial frequency response (SFR) within the end-of-line (EOL) test after manufacturing. This work presents a method to estimate the blurring kernel of an automotive camera, which could be the first step toward state monitoring of automotive cameras. To achieve this, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, using synthetic kernels generated by Zemax. The PCA model was built with approximately 1300 base kernels representing spatially variant point spread functions (PSFs). This model generates kernel samples during the estimation process. Synthetic images were created by convolving the synthetic kernels with reference traffic sign images and compared with real-life data captured by an automotive camera. These synthetic data were utilized for algorithm development, and later on, validation was performed on real-life data. The algorithm extracts two pixels regions of interest (ROIs) containing slanted edges from the blurred image and crops matching ROIs from a reference sharp image. Each candidate kernel was used to blur the reference ROIs, and the resulting SFR was compared with the blurred ROIs' SFR. Differential evolution optimization minimizes the SFR difference, selecting the kernel that best matches the observed blur. The final kernel was evaluated against the true kernel for accuracy. The structural similarity index measure (SSIM) between the original and estimated blurred ROIs ranges from 0.808 to 0.945. For true vs. estimated kernels, SSIM varies from 0.92 to 0.98. Pearson correlation coefficients range from 0.84 to 0.99, Cosine similarity from 0.86 to 0.99, and mean squared error (MSE) from to . Validation on real-life camera images showed that the SSIM between the estimated and blurred ROI was >0.82, showing promising accuracy in kernel estimation, which could be used towards in-field monitoring of camera sharpness degradation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuellerStrobelFaigletal.2024, author = {M{\"u}ller, Simon Nikolaus and Strobel, Rainer and Faigl, Markus and Schrag, Tobias}, title = {Analysis of Industrial 5GDHC System in Ingolstadt}, booktitle = {International Sustainable Energy Conference - Proceedings}, subtitle = {A Step Towards CO2-Neutral Industry}, editor = {Fink, Christian and Brunner, Christoph}, publisher = {TIB Open Publishing}, address = {Hannover}, issn = {2976-2030}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1152}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This study comprehensively examines the technical manifestation and planning process for a shared thermal energy network at a 75-hectare industrial area in Ingolstadt. Unlike traditional systems, this (5GDHC) network showcases a smart integration of energy flows across 70 buildings with a yearly heating demand of around 17 GWh and a yearly cooling demand of around 35 GWh. The network spans over 9,100 meters of piping with diameters up to 800 mm. With thermal power from various sources including 1.8 MW waste heat from a data centre and potential for 10 MW from the Danube River, the system epitomizes a dynamic balance of heating and cooling demands. The paper itself examines the planning process of the system and encompasses topics such as defining energy requirements and load profiles, assessing potential energy sources and sinks for enhanced system efficiency, and analysing pipe and network design. Through this investigation, the study provides valuable insights towards a methodology to facilitate the successful implementation of future industrial 5GDHC systems, furthering the cause of sustainable energy.}, language = {en} } @article{MayrKnollmeyerJeknicetal.2026, author = {Mayr, Thomas and Knollmeyer, Simon and Jeknic, Isidora and Fink, Leon and Hensel, Ralph and Huber, Marco F. and Großmann, Daniel}, title = {Enhancing Process Planning in the Automotive Industry: Extracting Procedural Knowledge from Assembly Operation Descriptions using Large Language Models}, volume = {2026}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, number = {138}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2026.01.137}, pages = {797 -- 802}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The non-standardized, human-written assembly descriptions have been a long-standing obstacle in the automotive assembly industry, making it difficult to use these data in the planning stage. The paper presents a standardization method based on Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on consistency and clarity. This approach does not only streamline the planning processes but also facilitates the benchmarking of productivity and process quality across different individual parts and assembly lines, thus enabling comprehensive efficiency analysis and ultimately leading to more informed decision-making. Our method was evaluated at a German OEM in the automotive sector, demonstrating its practical applicability and effectiveness.}, language = {en} } @article{DaSilvaJuniorMuellerBirkneretal.2026, author = {Da Silva Junior, Amauri and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Birkner, Christian and Jazar, Reza and Marzbani, Hormoz}, title = {Fault Tolerant Control With Reinforcement Learning for Evasive Maneuvers Using a Scaled Vehicle}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661179}, pages = {21353 -- 21383}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Autonomous vehicle controllers are responsible for handling the vehicle at all times in any situation, including emergency conditions. An emergency might arise from, e.g., adverse weather conditions, short-time detection, and system faults. In this paper, we develop a fault-tolerant controller to handle actuator faults for an over-actuated autonomous vehicle based on reinforcement learning. A worst-case scenario is selected for the controller development, involving short-time detection of the preceding objects, high velocity, and dry to wet road conditions. The design of the vehicle controller is performed in three steps. First, a robust controller based on sliding mode control with lateral and longitudinal coupled strategy was built to ensure stability in emergency scenarios. Secondly, a strategy was proposed to identify the most critical vehicle faults that might lead to a crash. Building on these foundations, this study extends the vehicle controller to handle vehicle faults with a reinforcement learning strategy, enabling adaptive and robust fault handling in complex fault scenarios. The vehicle controller is designed and optimized in IPG-Carmaker®, and proof of concept is carried out in a scaled 1:3.33 test vehicle. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed controller in an emergency single-lane change with a velocity of up to 130 km/h. Tests in the scaled vehicle demonstrate the vehicle controller's accuracy against simulation, with the application of reinforcement learning strategy in real-case scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{SalamatMatternOlzemetal.2026, author = {Salamat, Babak and Mattern, Dominik and Olzem, Sebastian-Sven and Elsbacher, Gerhard and Seidel, Christian and Tonello, Andrea M.}, title = {GMP3: Learning-Driven, Bellman-Guided Trajectory Planning for AAVs in Real-Time on SE(3)}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661193}, pages = {22720 -- 22733}, year = {2026}, abstract = {We propose GMP3, a multiphase global path planning framework that generates dynamically feasible three-dimensional trajectories for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in cluttered environments. The framework extends traditional path planning from Euclidean position spaces to the Lie group SE(3), allowing joint learning of translational motion and rotational dynamics. A modified Bellman-based operator is introduced to support reinforcement learning (RL) policy updates while leveraging prior trajectory information for improved convergence. GMP3 is designed as a distributed framework in which agents influence each other and share policy information along the trajectory: each agent refines its assigned segment and shares with its neighbors via a consensus-based scheme, enabling cooperative policy updates and convergence toward a path shaped globally even under kinematic constraints.We also propose DroneManager, a modular ground control software that interfaces the planner with real UAVs platforms via the Micro Air Vehicle Link (MAVLink) protocol, supporting real-time deployment and feedback. Simulation studies and indoor flight experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in constrained 3D environments, demonstrating reliable obstacle avoidance and smooth, feasible trajectories across both position and orientation.}, language = {en} }