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This study investigates the diffusion of AI-based service applications within the business models of German manufacturing industries, surveying 162 decision-makers. The integration of AI into business model is assessed through the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework, evaluating its value in terms of effectiveness as well as efficiency. Rather than focusing on specific use cases, the study delves into the intended usage of value-driven AI services references to enhance effectiveness and efficiency across various elements of the business models. Through this research, eleven service values have been identified. Each service vale corresponds to a distinct element of the BMC. Decision-makers were surveyed using a Confirmation/Disconfirmation (C/D) paradigm to measure the disparities between their current and target performance levels. Consequently, this study provides valuable insights from the perspective of decision makers regarding the current and desired state of AI integration in the German manufacturing industry, taking into account AI usage or no AI usage at the time of data collection.
A growing body of literature mainly in the context of consumer research indicates that the formal-aesthetic and conceptual design of objects can influence users' thoughts, emotions and even behavioural patterns. While there is strong evidence regarding these effects on actual purchasing decisions, evidence on the effect of aesthetic design features (e.g., haptics, colour) on health-related mental concepts and intentions for health behaviour change is scarce. Based on insights from material and conceptual priming, this article illustrates the research-driven and evidence-based design process of two design primes and comprises pre-tests and an experiment in two settings on the effect of design on health behaviour focusing i.a. on intention for health behaviour change. In an evidence-based and research-driven process, two lecterns were designed to work as primes, i.e., to have a positive vs. negative influence on several mental constructs (sense of control, sense of coherence, resiliency, self-efficacy) and health-related intention. The lecterns differed mainly in terms of aesthetic appearance (e.g., material, colour, proportion, steadiness). They were tested in (a.) a university setting with students (n = 83) and (b.) a clinical setting with orthopaedic rehabilitation patients (n = 38). Participants were asked to perform an unrelated task (evaluation of an unrelated product) while standing at and using the lecterns. Overall, t-tests and Mann-Whitney-U tests show no significant differences but differing tendencies in a mentioning task. When asked to name health-promoting activities, in the clinical setting, participants using the "positive" prime (i.e., the steady lectern, n = 13) mentioned more sport-related aspects on average and a higher portion of sport-related aspects of their answers than participants using the "negative" prime (n = 11). In the university setting (positive: n = 36; negative n = 38), no such differences emerged. This finding gives reason to believe that the prime might be specifically effective in the clinical setting as it relates to physical activity being the most relevant topic of the patients' pathology.
The leather industry is a complex system with multiple actors that faces a fundamental transition toward more sustainable chemistry. To support this process, this article analyzes challenges of the industry and consumers’ roles as a nexus of transition-relevant developments. We present findings of an empirical study (N = 439) among consumers on their perception of leather, related knowledge, and purchasing behavior. We found that participants perceived leather as natural, robust, and of high quality. Knowledge about the manufacturing of leather products was overall limited but varied. Applying a psychological behavior theory, we found that being aware of environmental and health consequences from conventional manufacturing of leather products was positively associated with a personal norm to purchase leather products that are less harmful to environment and health. The perceived ease of buying such products was positively associated with their purchase. Our findings shed light on consumers’ roles in the current leather system and their support of niche innovations toward more sustainable chemistry. Against this backdrop, we discuss implications for product design, consumer information, and needs for traceability along supply chains.
Technostress – d. h. Stress, der aus dem Umgang mit digitalen Technologien resultiert – ist eine gravierende Schattenseite der voranschreitenden Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt. Die negativen Auswirkungen dieses Phänomens sind bereits heute erkennbar. Sie beinhalten sowohl negative gesundheitliche Folgen für die betroffenen Mitarbeiter_innen als auch gravierende Folgekosten für Unternehmen durch gesteigerte Fehlzeiten sowie negative Auswirkungen auf Mitarbeiterproduktivität und -zufriedenheit. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob das Führungsverhalten einer Führungskraft die Entstehung von Technostress bei den ihr direkt unterstellten Mitarbeiter_innen beeinflusst. Darüber hinaus werden Einflüsse weiterer individueller und organisationaler Faktoren überprüft. Mittels validierter Erhebungsinstrumente werden selbstberichtete Daten von N=849 Mitarbeiter_innen deutscher Unternehmen erhoben. Die Einschätzung des Führungsverhaltens der direkten Führungskraft erfolgt auf Grundlage der Führungsstile des „Full Range of Leadership Modells“ nach Avolio und Bass (1991) unter Zuhilfenahme des MLQ 5x short. Die Ergebnisse der Datenauswertung mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellierung weisen darauf hin, dass das Führungsverhalten der bzw. des direkten Vorgesetzten Einfluss auf das Technostress-Empfinden der Mitarbeiter_innen hat.
With regard to AI as a key technology, this scientific paper deals with the identification of user drivers on the purchase decision of a cooperative AI (as explainable AI—XAI), as well as the analysis of the willingness to pay in the context of value-based pricing. Besides the economic dimension with regard to usefulness and usability of the system, the focus is mainly on the (innovative) explainable character. The analysis is carried out by a choice-based conjoint analysis (CBC) using the example of an intelligent assistance system for employees that supports internal business processes and workflows in business organizations. For this purpose, fictitious purchase offers were created under which decision-makers in manufacturing business organizations in Germany made simulated purchase decisions. The analysis shows that the target group attach great utility value to transparency in the sense of explanatory content, in addition to a high degree of interactivity and a high level of reliability.
Artificial Intelligence in studies—use of ChatGPT and AI-based tools among students in Germany
(2023)
AI-based tools such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 are currently changing the university landscape and in many places, the consequences for future forms of teaching and examination are already being discussed. In order to create an empirical basis for this, a nationwide survey of students was carried out in order to analyse the use and possible characteristics of AI-based tools that are important to students. The aim of the quantitative study is to be able to draw conclusions about how students use such AI tools. A total of more than 6300 students across Germany took part in the anonymous survey. The results of this quantitative analysis make it clear that almost two-thirds of the students surveyed use or have used AI-based tools as part of their studies. In this context, almost half of the students explicitly mention ChatGPT or GPT-4 as a tool they use. Students of engineering sciences, mathematics and natural sciences use AI-based tools most frequently. A differentiated examination of the usage behaviour makes it clear that students use AI-based tools in a variety of ways. Clarifying questions of understanding and explaining subject-specific concepts are the most relevant reasons for use in this context.
A growing number of economic geography scholars have discussed the
spatial dimensions of sustainability transitions (STs), which entail radical changes in socio-technical systems to overcome societal, economic, and ecological problems. This involves innovation processes with a broad range of distinctive actors. Innovation intermediaries, such as universities and research institutes, are needed to support and accelerate the transfer of knowledge. Nevertheless, little is known about the influence of such actors on the configuration of the knowledge bases required for STs. This article presents insights from 14 semi-structured interviews with experts conducted in a regional innovation system (RIS) in East Germany. In cooperation with the Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, we investigate four innovation intermediaries in the region of Eberswalde. The analytical framework links the concept of differentiated knowledge bases to small wins. Our results show that, first, in the Eberswalde region, the relevant actors involved in regional knowledge transfer focus predominantly on synthetic knowledge bases, such as experiencebased knowledge of local area settings. Second, symbolic knowledge bases are crucial and often prerequisites for intermediary organizations to recombine knowledge bases and support the capability to innovate in regional knowledge transfer. Symbolic knowledge entails the ability to translate scientific findings to a language that can be understood by the various actors in knowledge transfer. Third, changes in organizational structures complement changes in cultural–cognitive and normative institutions to support innovation on a systemic level and foster change processes.