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Conception of a LEGO Mindstorms EV3 Simulation for Programming in C in computer science courses
(2018)
Within the project SLOBATCO (Slovak-Bavarian Telescope Collaboration) the Astronomical Institute of the
Slovak Academy of Sciences and Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences collaborate in the
development and commissioning of the new Ø1.3 m astronomical telescope and the corresponding scientific
instrumentation. The project is funded by the Bavarian Academic Center for Central, Eastern and
Southeastern Europe (BAYHOST). Technical work packages are targeting filter wheel software for the VIS
camera, additional IR filters, and an upgrade of the mirror coating facility by additional sputtering equipment.
This contribution presents an innovative approximation method for the estimation of power quantities, fundamental waveforms, and RMS values of inverter-fed electrical machines. Typically, all these parameters are calculated as cyclically linked to the fundamental cycle of the voltages and currents of the inverter output or machine input. In order to increase the dynamic of this calculation, a suitable evaluation method based on the inverter switching cycle has been presented in previous publications. The present paper extends this switching frequency-based analysis by introducing additional quantities such as apparent and reactive power. Moreover, the paper describes the utilization of this analysis method for a power control of a dual two-level inverter-fed application.
In this contribution, a highly dynamic calculation method of power quantities and additional electrical quantities, such as RMS values and fundamental waveforms, is presented. Typically, these quantities are calculated periodically based on the fundamental cycle of the electrical voltages and currents. Hence, they are well defined during steady state conditions for ideal periodical waveforms. During dynamic balancing processes, electrical signals are non-periodic. In a strict sense, the fundamental cycle-based definitions, which are well known from the literature, are not valid for these transient signals. However, this paper presents a novel definition for the calculation of cycle-based quantities based on the switching cycle of the inverter output voltages. This definition delivers instantaneous results during transient balancing processes, whereby it approximates the conventional fundamental cycle-based definitions during the steady state.
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) is a worldwide common mobile communication standard, used by authorities and organizations with security tasks. Previous studies reported on health effects of TETRA, with focus on the specific pulse frequency of 17.64 Hz, which affects calcium efflux in neuronal cells. Likewise among others, it was reported that TETRA affects heart rate variability, neurophysiology and leads to headaches. In contrast, other studies conclude that TETRA does not affect calcium efflux of cells and has no effect on people's health.
In the present study we examine whether TETRA short- and long-term exposure could affect the electrophysiology of neuronal in vitro networks. Experiments were performed with a carrier frequency of 395 MHz, a pulse frequency of 17.64 Hz and a differential quaternary phase-shift keying (π/4 DQPSK) modulation. Specific absorption rates (SAR) of 1.17 W/kg and 2.21 W/kg were applied.
In conclusion, the present results do not indicate any effect of TETRA exposure on electrophysiology of neuronal in vitro networks, neither for short-term nor long-term exposure. This applies to the examined parameters spike rate, burst rate, burst duration and network synchrony.
Experience in automotive industry shows that there are in particular two technical reasons why electronic systems in vehicles do not work as expected: software bugs and electromagnetic interference. Malfunctions are more than a mere annoyance, they can damage cars or other goods, injure people or kill people.
This book focuses on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) keeping a close relation to functional safety as required by ISO 26262. It first introduces functional safety and EMC experts to automotive electronics. Since functional safety is still an emerging field, a primer might be useful to automotive engineers and EMC engineers as well. It then introduces to EMC. Signal and power integrity are topics which share the same fundamentals as EMC and are also relevant in some cases.
In automotive industry the V-model is still common to describe a development process. For this reason it is necessary to discuss the model and to integrate the safety life cycle and the EMC design flow into the model.
After the lecture the reader should be able to recognize and avoid hazards, to avoid expensive EMC problems, to simulate and test for EMC compliance of the car and its components and to fix problems. It helps to learn automotive EMC and functional safety and will stay a reference book after lecture. The book considers all levels from the whole car down to the single electronic control unit (ECU). EMC on integrated circuit level is considered in a few points which are relevant to vehicles. Additionally the charging infrastructure for electric cars is considered.