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Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Entwicklungen und Trends im Nachhaltigkeitscontrolling, insbesondere hinsichtlich der strategischen Bedeutung der fünf Stufen der Nachhaltigkeit, des Einflusses von Stakeholdergruppen, Zielsetzungen und Instrumenten anhand von drei Studien des Fachkreis Green Controlling for Responsible Business und gibt Implikationen für die Controlling- und Unternehmenspraxis.
Erste Schritte zur Implementierung eines Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements im Unternehmen
Dieser kompakte Band geht auf zentrale Prinzipien und Konzepte ein, die Unternehmen helfen, ein Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement aufzubauen und weiterzuentwickeln. Darüber hinaus bietet er einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Ansätze und Instrumente des Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements, damit Unternehmen ihre Aktivitäten analysieren, bewerten und verbessern können, um ökologische und soziale Auswirkungen zu reduzieren und langfristige Wertschöpfung zu ermöglichen.
Diese grundlegende Einführung richtet sich an die Führungskräfte in den Unternehmen, die sich mit Fragen des Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements beschäftigen. Zunächst werden die relevanten normativen und regulativen Anforderungen an das unternehmerische Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement vorgestellt, bevor konkret erste Schritte zur Implementierung eines Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements entwickelt werden. Die beiden letzten Kapitel stellen ein geeignetes Steuerungssystem sowie die Grundlagen der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation eines Unternehmens vor.
In this article, we contribute to the longstanding debate among economists regarding the question of “nature or nurture” with respect to economics students’ attitudes toward various allocation mechanisms for a scarce resource. While previous research starts the debate by beginning with first-year economics students, we aim to evaluate pre-firstyear individuals, i.e., school pupils. Drawing on the seminal works of Haucap, J., & Just, T. (2010). Not guilty? Another look at the nature and nurture of economics students. European Journal of Law and Economics, 29(2), 239–254 and Frey, B. S., Pommerehne,W.W., & Gygi, B. (1993). Economics indoctrination or selection? Some empirical results. The Journal of Economic Education, 24(3), 271–281, we investigate a sample of pupils ranging from the 5th to the 13th grades to determine whether pupils are “born economists” (nature), develop economic thinking (nurture), or both. We find that young individuals start to think differently in early grades and that their thinking and attitudes are shaped differently throughout their school careers, thereby providing support for the effects of both nature and nurture. Our findings show that school time impacts fairness judgments, particularly regarding price mechanisms. Regarding learning or indoctrination, we find that economics-inclined pupils are positively affected by lessons in economics in school, while pupils who are economics-averse draw completely diametric conclusions from economics lessons, thereby exhibiting increased disapproval of price allocation over the course of these classes and increased approval of the first come, first served and governmental action mechanisms.Moreover, we find strong effects of gender and migration background in this context. This study is the first to elucidate the development of economic thinking in 5th–13th grade pupils. Our results are important for economists, educators,
and researchers because they can serve as a starting point for subsequent investigations in this under-researched field.
This experimental study analyzes how a key factor, information load, influences decision making in escalation situations, i.e., in situations in which decision mak- ers reinvest further resources in a losing course of action, even when accounting information indicates that the project is performing poorly and should be discontin- ued. This study synthesizes prior escalation research with information overload and investigates how different levels of information load influence the escalation of com- mitment. Our findings reveal a U-shaped effect of information load: When decision makers face negative feedback, a higher information load mitigates the escalation tendency up to a certain point. However, beyond this point, more information rein- forces the escalation tendency. Moreover, we find that the type of feedback affects self-justification, and we find a negative and significant interaction between informa- tion load and self-justification in negative-feedback cases. Thus, studies investigat- ing escalation of commitment should control for self-justification and information load when utilizing high levels of information load. Finally, in the positive-feedback condition, higher information load encourages decision makers to continue promis- ing courses of action, i.e., increases decision-making performance.
Abstract: Like many service industries, the financial industry is largely characterized
by administrative and back-office processes and distinguished by a broad systems
landscape with a high proportion of legacy systems. Missing interfaces between information
systems, user interfaces, or web applications often require many manual
activities. As banks are often functionally organized into traditional departments, a
process-oriented organizational structure is rarely in place. The financial industry
therefore offers enormous potential for the use of robotic process automation (RPA)
and the raising of potential benefits such as process-related cost savings, time reductions,
and quality improvements.
The aim of this chapter is to describe the tremendous opportunities that the use of
RPA technology offers to the financial industry and to explain how these opportunities
can be realized. Therefore, we start by explaining the challenges that progressive digitalization
poses to the industry and how RPA, but also more advanced technologies
(that work not only rule-based but also define own rules), such as artificial intelligence,
can help to overcome them. As well as providing an overview of the various
applications of RPA in the financial industry, we also provide a comprehensive case
study of a relevant practical application
Chaoticity Versus Stochasticity in Financial Markets: Are Daily S&P 500 Return Dynamics Chaotic?
(2022)
In this study, we empirically show the dynamics of daily wavelet-filtered (denoised) S&P 500 returns (2000–2020) to consist of an almost equally divided combination of stochastic and deterministic chaos, rendering the series unpredictable after expiration of the Lyapunov time, resulting in futile forecasting attempts. We achieve a clear distinction of the true nature of the underlying time series dynamics by applying a novel and combinatory chaos analysis framework comparing the wavelet-filtered S&P 500 returns with respective surrogate datasets, Brownian motion returns and a Lorenz system realisation. Furthermore, we are the first to show the strange attractor of especially the daily-frequented S&P 500 return system graphically via Takens´ embedding and by spectral embedding in combination with Laplacian Eigenmaps. Finally, we critically discuss implications and future prospects in terms of financial forecasting.
Enterprise social media has been found to be a curse and a blessing at the same time. ESM has been reported to lead to unproductive ‘games of visibility’ and ‘exhibitionism’, while it has been also found to enable productive outcomes related to knowledge work and product innovation, the latter being the main reason for its wide-spread adoption. We argue that decisions to use ESM as a control instrument are not made in isolation, but as part of a set of complementary choices. We provide arguments and empirical evidence that the use of ESM as a control instrument in organizations complements the use of subjective evaluations of non-task related performance (SPE). We also show that firms that face high ESM employee concerns, have a stronger complementarity between ESM use and SPE. Additional analyses show that ESM use and performance-based pay (PBP) are also complements. Together the results imply that management control system configuration changes with the employment of ESM.
This article examines sentiment of 12,821 reports on cyber-attacks on firms around the world from 2011 to mid-year 2019. With theworld wide web (www) and associated technologies connecting opinions worldwide, sentiment in the world wide web is an importantperspective to understanding developments in cyber-attacks and the public opinion thereof, because much of the public debate isshared online. Such sentiment can potentially explain developments in regulation and may be indirectly associated with the buildingof defense mechanisms of cyber-victims. Results show that the quantity of reports on cyber-attacks on firms has been increasing,but the sentiment of reports on cyber-attacks has been decreasing. Both trends reflect the increasing severity of the issue and arelikely contributing to regulatory responses. Results also show that the sentiment is conditional to the source that reports the cyber-attack.
One domain of application of artificial intelligence (AI) is decision support, particularly in management. Although there are already research streams examining the interaction of AI and humans (e.g. the stream on "hybrid intelligence"), there are still numerous open research gaps – for example, a comprehensive overview of which factors favor the intention to use AI is missing. By conducting a systematic literature review, we identify the factors that potentially positively influence AI usage intentions for decision-making processes in organizations. From this, we create a framework that both provides practical implications for the successful use of AI in organizational decision-making processes and delivers further research approaches, for example, on the validity/ usability of proven IS adoption models in the present context.
Chaoticity Versus Stochasticity in Financial Markets: Are Daily S&P 500 Return Dynamics Chaotic?
(2021)
In this study, we present a combinatory chaos analysis of daily wavelet-filtered (denoised) S&P 500 returns (2000–2020) compared with respective surrogate datasets, Brownian motion returns and a Lorenz system realisation. We show that the dynamics of the S&P 500 return series consist of an almost equally divided combination of stochastic and deterministic chaos. The strange attractor of the S&P 500 return system is graphically displayed via Takens’ embedding and by spectral embedding in combination with Laplacian Eigenmaps. For the field of nonlinear and financial chaos research, we present a bibliometric analysis paired with citation network analysis. We critically discuss implications and future prospects.
Sustainability accounting as a distinct discipline has evolved over the last decades and is still expanding. As a multidimensional concept, sustainability accounting, however, relates to various other disciplines and thus provides a suitable setting to examine the extent of interdisciplinarity in accounting research. This paper investigates sustainability accounting in in twofold way. First, it provides a comprehensive and systematic review of academic literature addressing sustainability accounting topics. Based on a systematic search strategy capturing articles in the fields of finance and accounting, management, economics, organization and behavioral research, and international business, we determine a sample of 5,245 articles. Descriptive findings show that equally large proportions of the sample articles are published in accounting, management, and organization journals. Using citation network analysis, we identify existing research clusters within this sample and analyse them with respect to their delineations and interactions. Our results reveal that cluster formation relates to specific subject areas with some clusters showing limited interactions to other subject areas, while other clusters are more “interdisciplinary”. Interviews with influential researchers from the most prominent clusters in the network complement the network analysis results, providing insights into the establishment of paradigms and patterns in academic research that lead to the failure of knowledge integration and impede the transfer of research insights into business and politics.
This study provides an overview of the model evolution and research trends in the field of financial and risk modelling by applying a bibliometric approach from 2008–2019 and an overall citation network analysis. We present a content analysis of contributing authors, countries, journals, main topics, agreements, disagreements and frontiers within the research community and highlight quantitative features such as implemented models, aggregated model-family combinations and algorithms. Moreover, we describe the data sets employed by researchers. Finally, we discuss insights, such as the main statement, namely the non-existence of a “single-best”-approach as well as the future prospects of our findings.
Organizations have repeatedly faced challenges due to (natural) disasters such as pandemics, economic or financial crises, and unexpected events. One reason why some firms cope more efficiently with such unexpected events than others has long been the subject of research, might be found in their resilience design. However, there is still no consensus in the literature and there is no common understanding of the definitions, the conceptualizations of resilience at the organizational level, and the interaction with management control systems (MCS). This study bridges MCS and resilience literature and provides a broader understanding of the relationship between the organization and adversity. Due to its ability to successfully control an organization and provide an effective control environment, we use Simons’ levers of control framework (LOC) as framework for integrating organizational resilience into MCS.
We perform a systematic reviewing of analytical conceptualizations and definitions of management control systems (levers of control) and organizational resilience, supplemented by current empirical findings. Based on literature, we provide a framework which integrates organizational resilience into management control systems. Our findings show that the integration of resilience aspects into MCS enables firms to manage resilience at the organizational level.
Like many service industries, the financial industry is largely characterized by administrative and back-office processes and distinguished by a broad systems landscape with a high proportion of legacy systems. Missing interfaces between Information Systems, User Interfaces or Web Applica-tions often require many manual activities. As banks are often functionally organized into traditional departments, a process-oriented organizational structure is rarely in place. The financial industry therefore offers enormous potential for the use of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and the rais-ing of potential benefits such as process-related cost savings, time reductions and quality im-provements.
The aim of this chapter is to describe the tremendous opportunities that the use of RPA technology offers to the financial industry and to explain how these opportunities can be realized. Therefore, we start by explaining the challenges that progressive digitalization poses to the industry and how RPA, but also more advanced technologies (that work not only rule-based but also define own rules), such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), can help to overcome them. As well as providing an over-view of the various applications of RPA in the financial industry, we also provide a comprehensive case study of a relevant practical application.
§ 7 Strukturelle Separierung
(2018)
The Benefit of Management Accounting in Idea Management Systems: Evidence from German Industries
(2011)
This study investigates the sustainability disclosure effects of the introduction of the Companies Act 2006 Regulations 2013 in the United Kingdom. The regulation mandates the disclosure of information on greenhouse gas emissions, gender distribution and human rights issues. We examine two research questions: first, whether firms increased disclosure on the mandated topics after the regulation became effective relative to a control group, and second, whether a potential increase in disclosure is moderated by firms’ reporting incentives, namely, firms’ capital market visibility, growth orientation, governance structure, prior voluntary sustainability disclosure levels and critical media coverage. Our sample consists of the FTSE-350 firms and a matched control group of US firms. We use textual analysis to assess the disclosure of the mandated sustainability topics in firms’ annual reports. Specifically, we examine two types of disclosure, namely, the disclosure of the mandated key performance indicators and the narrative disclosure. Our results reveal a significant increase for both types of disclosure relative to the control group. Overall, this treatment effect tends to be smaller for firms with higher reporting incentives, i.e., reporting incentives mitigate the regulatory effect. Taken together, our results suggest that both standards and reporting incentives shape firms’ sustainability disclosure level.
This experimental study analyzes how a key factor, information load, influences decision making in escalation situations, i.e., in situations in which decision makers reinvest further resources in a losing course of action, even when accounting information indicates that the project is performing poorly and should be discontinued. This study synthesizes prior escalation research with information overload and investigates how different levels of information load influence the escalation of commitment. Our findings reveal a U-shaped effect of information load: When decision makers face negative feedback, a higher information load mitigates the escalation tendency up to a certain point. However, beyond this point, more information reinforces the escalation tendency. Moreover, we find that the type of feedback affects self-justification, and we find a negative and significant interaction between information load and self-justification in negative-feedback cases. Thus, studies investigating escalation of commitment should control for self-justification and information load when utilizing high levels of information load. Finally, in the positive-feedback condition, higher information load encourages decision makers to continue promising courses of action, i.e., increases decision-making performance.
Risikoorientiertes Regulierungscontrolling bei Stromnetzbetreibern im Kontext der Anreizregulierung
(2013)
Die Ausgestaltung des Regulierungssystems hat einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Geschäftsstrategie und die Funktionsbereiche von regulierten Unternehmen. Besonders deutlich zeigt sich dies bei einem vollständigen Systemwechsel, wie er kürzlich mit der Einführung der Anreizregulierung in der deutschen Stromwirtschaft vollzogen wurde. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen auf die regulierten Unternehmen auf Basis einer Befragung und zeigt auf, dass der Wechsel des Regulierungssystems zu deutlichen Reaktionen hinsichtlich Risikoeinschätzung, Geschäftsstrategie und Investitionsverhalten geführt hat. Besonders starken Veränderungen sind die Funktionsbereiche Regulierungsmanagement und Controlling unterworfen. Aufbauend auf diesen empirischen Ergebnissen entwickelt der Beitrag Ansätze für ein risikoorientiertes Regulierungscontrolling.
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht den Einfluss des öffentlichen Anteilseigners auf gemischtwirtschaftliche Public Private Partnerships, welche die staatliche Durchführung von öffentlichen Aufgaben durch die Bereitstellung von notwendigen Gütern und Dienstleistungen unterstützen. Die empirische Analyse bezieht sich auf Public Private Partnerships des Bundesministeriums der Verteidigung. Diese Public Private Partnerships sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der öffentliche Anteilseigner gleichzeitig als öffentlicher Auftraggeber auftritt. Zunächst wird gezeigt, dass die staatliche Institution als öffentlicher Anteilseigner das Zielsystem in Bezug auf die monetären Ziele maßgeblich bestimmt. Für die Public Private Partnerships ist demnach die Kostenminimierung und nicht die von den privaten Anteilseignern eingeforderte Gewinnmaximierung das wichtigste monetäre Ziel. Die staatliche Institution unterbindet durch die Beeinflussung der monetären Ziele einer Public Private Partnerhip das opportunistische Verhalten in Bezug auf das Entgelt für die zu erbringende Leistung. Im Vergleich zu einer rein privatwirtschaftlichen Erfüllung von öffentlichen Aufträgen ist die Etablierung von Public Private Partnerships eine Möglichkeit, das Kapital, die Kompetenz sowie die wirtschaftliche Effizienz von privaten Wirtschaftssubjekten zu nutzen, ohne die Transaktionskosten durch eine opportunistische Entgeltgestaltung maßgeblich zu erhöhen.
Die Relative Ideen-Stärke (RIS) stellt ein effektives und ganzheitliches Benchmarking-System dar, das den größenunabhängigen Vergleich von verschiedenen Ideenmanagement-Systemen erlaubt. Hierbei werden neben direkten quantitativen Performance-Werten auch prozessuale und systemische Qualitätsunterschiede integriert. Aufbauend auf dem dib-Punktesystem stellt das Konzept der Relativen Ideen-Stärke eine querschnittliche Betrachtung an, welche die Nutzung als diagnostisches und analytisches Controlling-Instrument erlaubt. In Verbindung mit dem Ideenmanagement Report des Deutschen Instituts für Betriebswirtschaft stellt die Relative Ideen-Stärke ein ebenso anwendungsfreundliches wie praxisnahes Instrument für das Ideenmanagement dar. Der berechnete Benchmark ist statistisch hoch signifikant, innovativ und führend für den deutschsprachigen Raum.
Der Flugverkehr entwickelt sich in rasantem Tempo. Immer mehr Menschen nutzen das Flugzeug, um ihre Mobilitätsbedürfnisse zu befriedigen. Insbesondere seit Flugreisen durch Low-Cost-Carrier für jedermann erschwinglich geworden sind, nimmt der Luftverkehr stetig zu.
Die Infrastruktur am Boden kann hier seit Jahren nicht mehr mithalten. Slots – die Lande- und Startnischen für Flugzeuge – sind insbesondere an großen internationalen Flughäfen zur Mangelware geworden. Stetig drängen neue Airlines in den europäischen Luftraum und beanspruchen ihren Platz als Luftverkehrsdienstleister – und erhöhen damit die Nachfrage nach Slots. Gleichzeitig werden Restriktionen und protektionistische Regelungen im Luft- verkehr gelockert (vgl. z.B. Open Skies). Die Erkenntnis, dass der Luftverkehr zum Kitt der Globalisierung geworden ist, hat sich in den Köpfen der Menschen längst durchgesetzt. Das Hauptproblem besteht also im Kapazitätsengpass bei Slots und bei der Abfertigung der Flugzeuge am Boden. Der derzeitige Vergabemechanismus für Slots wurde in einer Zeit etabliert, in der vollständig regulierte Flughäfen die Ausnahme darstellten. Heutzutage sind vollständig regulierte bzw. partiell vollständig regulierte Flughäfen zur Regel geworden. Das Slot-Grandfathering vermag den heutigen Anstieg des Luftverkehrs nicht adäquat zu bewältigen.
Das Ideenmanagement im Unternehmen ist kein statischer Prozess, sondern entwickelt sich, ebenso wie das Unternehmen, weiter. Dies geschieht nicht nur strukturell oder organisatorisch, sondern auch in der Köpfen der Mitarbeiter. Um die Mitarbeiter – die entscheidende Ressource des Ideenmanagements – nicht zu verlieren, können Evaluationen hilfreich sein. Sie ermöglichen eine Analyse der vielschichtigen Bewertungsebenen der Mitarbeiter und ihrer tatsächlichen Haltung zum Ideenmanagement. Dies ermöglicht ein wirksames Controlling des Ideenmanagements und der Innovation im Unternehmen. Die Nutzung des Instrumentes Evaluation für das Ideenmanagement anzuregen, ist Ziel dieses Aufsatzes.
Zielsetzung: Die Bewertung ökonomischer Effizienzmechanismen des Krankenhauspersonals unterscheidet sich von anderen Berufs- und Bevölkerungsgruppen grundlegend. Inwiefern dies Auswirkungen auf die Bereitschaft zur Effizienzsteigerung und Kosteneinsparung hat, ist Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung. Methodik: Im Zuge der Untersuchung wurden in einer zweistufigen Evaluation die Mitarbeiter quantitativ und die Führungs- und Funktionskräfte im Rahmen eines qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews befragt. Ergebnisse: Die Grundeinstellung von Krankenhausmitarbeitern ist tendenziell negativ gegenüber ökonomischen Lösungsmechanismen. Soziale Verteilungslösungen werden preislichen Allokationsverfahren vorgezogen. Schlussfolgerungen: Das Personal des Krankenhausbereichs denkt anders, insbesondere in der wesentlichen Frage der Bewertung ökonomischer Effizienz. Dabei scheint die „Nähe” zum Patienten eine entscheidende Rolle zu spielen. Je stärker ein Mitarbeiter direkt mit Patienten arbeitet (Pflegedienst, Ärztlicher Dienst) desto altruistischer und gruppendynamischer ist seine Grundeinstellung. Hierbei werden soziale Aspekte, Anerkennung und Zufriedenheit weitaus stärker gewichtet als die monetäre Dimension. Mitarbeiter des Verwaltungsbereiches besitzen eine weitaus positivere Einstellung ökonomischen Effizienzmechanismen gegenüber.
Das Gesundheitswesen ist einem kontinuierlichen Wandel unterworfen. Knapper werdende Mittel im Gesundheitsbereich zwingen Krankenhäuser zu einer stetigen Effizienzsteigerung. Fluktuierende Rahmenbedingungen erfordern ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität. Innovation und Rationalisierung bestimmen das Vokabular der Mitarbeiter. Dabei geht es nicht um die Maximierung des Gewinns, sondern in vielen Bereichen um das Überleben eines Krankenhauses. Was sich der soziale Bereich nicht leisten kann, ist der Verzicht auf die Ideen seiner Mitarbeiter. Konventionelles, in der Industrie verwurzeltes Ideenmanagement lässt sich nicht einfach auf den Krankenhausalltag übertragen. Dieser Beitrag bietet eine Analyse des ökonomischen Denkens von Krankenhauspersonal.
Sammelkartenspiele wie MAGIC, haben in den letzten Jahren einen enormen Anstieg der Nachfrage erfahren. So wurde zur Kinotrilogie „Der Herr der Ringe“ gleichzeitig auch ein Sammelkartenspiel herausgegeben. Ein Sammelkartenspiel wird mit einer beliebigen durch den Spieler getroffenen Kartenauswahl gespielt. Sammelkartenspiele, wie auch MAGIC, kombinieren Sammelkarten mit einem Strategiespiel. Bei Spielen solcher Art haben die Sammelkarten auch einen gewissen Spielwert.
Der Besitz eines Handys ist heutzutage als Standard für Jedermann zu sehen. Geht es jedoch darum, die Zahlungsbereitschaft des Einzelnen beim Kauf für dieses Gut zu messen, und daraus schließend die Wertschätzung für einzelne Charakteristika des Handys, so gibt es verschiedene Ansätze, dies zu analysieren.
Das Projektcontrolling ist fester Bestandteil eines erfolgreichen Projektmanagements geworden (vgl. Schreckenender, 2010). Selbst bei kleineren Einzelprojekten, für die kein eigener Projektcontroller zur Verfügung steht, werden die mit dem Projektcontrolling verbunden Aufgaben oftmals vom Projektmanager selbst wahrgenommen. Dies zeigt, wie hoch die Bedeutung eines erfolgreichen Projektcontrollings für den Gesamterfolg des Projektes ist.
Gesundheitscontrolling
(2011)
Die Entwicklung von mitarbeiterfokusierten Controllingansätzen insbesondere im Personalcontrolling wurde durch die Balanced Scorecard mit ihrer Lern- und Entwicklungsperspektive nachhaltig gefördert. Die steigende Bedeutung spiegelt sich auch in der zunehmenden Berücksichtigung in Kennzahlen- und Personalinformationssystemen wider (vgl. Günther et al., 2009; Brandl, 2002). Hierbei spielt vor allem die hohen Korrelation von krankheitsbedingter Abwesenheit auf Kennzahlen wie Arbeitszufriedenheit, Mitarbeitermotivation oder Produktivität eine wesentliche Rolle.
Die Unternehmenslandschaft ist in zunehmenden Maße von Dezentralisierung, Outsourcing und Vernetzung gekennzeichnet. Dies wird vor allem im Trend hin zu stärkeren Beteiligungen in entscheidenden Bereichen der Wertschöpfungskette deutlich, wie beispielsweise im Rahmen von Beteiligungen an Zulieferunternehmen. Diese Entwicklung auf Unternehmensebene wird begleitet von einer starken Fokussierung der Controlling-Elemente in den Unternehmen auf Fragestellungen der Steuerung von Beteiligungen. Hier spielen vornehmlich die Zusammenarbeit von Zentralcontrolling und dem Controlling in einzelnen Bereichen und Beteiligungen sowie die Einbindung in die Konzernstrategie eine Rolle (vgl. Sieber et al., 2009; Littkemann, 2009). Der Vorteil von Beteiligungen gegenüber Fusionen liegt vornehmlich in dem geringen Kapitalbedarf, da bei Beteiligungen ein einfacher Mehrheitsanteil genügt und das Zielunternehmen nicht vollständig gekauft werden muss. Weitere Anwendungsfälle sind Joint Ventures, also die Gründung einer Tochtergesellschaft durch mindestens zwei rechtlich und wirtschaftlich getrennte Unternehmensmütter, sowie Public Private Partnerships.
This paper analyses the effects of four main influence factors on motivation of public personnel. These influence factors are “superior”, “job satisfaction”, “work environment”, and “variable wages”. I analyse the four factors by using a structural equation model with empirical data. My focus lies on the complex interdependencies of influence factors among each other. There is empirical evidence that the influence factor “job satisfaction” plays a decisive role in public service motivation. Moreover, the influence factors “work environment” and “variable wage” have a quite low direct effect on motivation. Surprisingly, the influence factor “superior” has an strong effect on “job satisfaction” and on “variable wages”.
Der Beitrag stellt mögliche Vor- und Nachteile einer Verknüpfung von Ideen- und Innovationsmanagement gegenüber und zeigt anhand einer empirischen Analyse die Auswirkungen dieser Verknüpfung auf zentrale Performance-Maße des Ideenmanagements. Des Weiteren wird eine mögliche Ausgestaltung der Schnittstelle zwischen Ideen- und Innovationsmanagement entwickelt und diskutiert.
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht empirisch den Einfluss von Zielvereinbarungen auf die Leistungsfähigkeit des Ideenmanagements in deutschen Unternehmen mittels Korrelations-analyse und Kleinst-Quadrate-Regression. Es zeigt sich, dass auf die Bedürfnisse des Ideen-managements abgestimmte Zielvereinbarungen auf der mittleren Managementebene einen deutlich stärkeren positiven Einfluss auf die Performance des Ideenmanagements haben als die Höhe des Prämiensatzes.
The present article analyzes the influence of the public shareholder on public–private partnerships (PPPs) that support public projects by supplying essential goods and services. The empirical analysis examines public–private partnerships involving the German Federal Ministry of Defense. The main characteristic of these PPPs is the dual role of the German Federal Ministry of Defense, which appears simultaneously as public shareholder and public purchaser. The paper shows that the government institution decisively determines monetary objectives and consequently the entire system of objectives. The most important monetary objective of PPPs is cost minimization, in contrast to profit maximization, which is commonly the objective of private shareholders. By determining the monetary objectives of such partnerships, the government institution prevents the opportunistic behavior of PPPs with regard to the level of charges for goods and services, which is commonly part of renegotiations if the government institution changes the demand for goods and services. Compared to wholly government-funded public projects, PPPs offer an opportunity to use the capital, competence and economic efficiency of private economic subjects without increasing the transaction costs commonly associated with the opportunistic behavior exhibited by PPPs with regard to the level of charges.
Durch Globalisierung und Digitalisierung rücken Managementinformationssysteme immer stärker in den Fokus und gewinnen als Wettbewerbsvorteil stetig an Bedeutung. Allerdings führen das stetige Wachstum des internationalen Handels und die steigende globale Abhängigkeit von Produktionsprozessen zu einem hohen Anpassungsdruck auf die Managementinformationssysteme, die zumeist mit hohen Kosten verbunden sind. Die Anpassung oder Neuausrichtung des Managementinformationssystems kann allerdings auch große Chancen beinhalten: Unternehmen, welche starkes Augenmerk auf Managementinformationssysteme legen und deutlich mehr in diesen Bereich investieren als die Peergroup, erzielen starke Prozessverbesserungen in der Wertschöpfungskette und erreichen damit eine signifikante Ersparnis bei den Betriebskosten, die bei den Best-in-class Unternehmen bei einem Mehrfachen der investierten Mittel liegen kann.
Informationslast ist in der heutigen „Information Society“ ein wesentlicher Faktor bei Entscheidungen im Unternehmensalltag. Neben den vielen Vorteilen der Weiterentwicklung von Managementinformationssystemen und der stetig höheren Verfügbarkeit von Informationen ist allerdings auch die Entwicklung zu betrachten, dass immer mehr Entscheidungsträger zu viele Informationen erhalten (vgl. Lohr, 2007). Quellen dieser Informationsüberlast sind das interne Berichtswesen und die schnelle und aufwandsarme Verfügbarkeit von Informationen über Managementinformationssysteme. Darüber hinaus ist die Herausforderung, auch für das Controlling, Entscheidungsträgern im Unternehmen einen optimalen Umfang an Informationen zur Verfügung zu stellen, keine reine IT-Problematik, sondern betrifft sehr stark auch die Bereiche Personalwesen und Organisation. Daher sollte das Controlling in seiner Koordinationsfunktion auch Personalwesen und Organisation berücksichtigen.
This study analyzes survey data on public-private partnerships (PPPs) of the German Armed Forces. The analyzed PPPs are unique in that the German Federal Ministry of Defence, a government institution, has a dual role as a main shareholder and a major customer. Drawing on these data, the present article analyzes how a government institution influences a PPP's set of objectives and shows that the conflict of interest with respect to monetary objectives between the government institution and the PPP as a whole is low in such partnerships. Furthermore, the article examines the opportunistic behavior of PPPs in contractual renegotiations where the government institution acts as a customer. The results show that, although such behavior indeed occurs, it does not concern monetary issues, since the government institution can control the monetary objectives of PPPs in which it is a main shareholder. Third, this study also analyzes and identifies certain exogenous factors that may influence the level of opportunistic behavior exhibited by the examined PPPs, providing evidence on the causes and effects of such behavior and indicating how it can be limited by the government institution.
This article explores the relationships between innovation idea value, innovators’ perceptions of fairness, and their participation behavior and knowledge sharing behavior in the intrafirm social network. The study uses survey data and a database from a large company that is one of Europe’s top performers in idea management. In addition to the idea database, this study surveys participating employees about their perceptions of fairness and their participation behavior and knowledge sharing behavior. The results show that there is a clear relationship between innovation idea value, employees’ perceptions of fairness, and employees’ participation behavior and knowledge sharing behavior. Furthermore, there is clear evidence that tenure increases the value of innovation ideas. The findings suggest a number of implications for ideation management and for the design of social networks for innovation ideas. To increase the value of innovation ideas, social networks for innovation ideas can be used if the allocation of rewards for idea providers is positively associated with the fairness perceptions of network members.
Die Analyse, Bewertung, Kommunikation und Steuerung von Risiken wird oftmals durch das Controlling unterstützt oder selbst durchgeführt. Der Umgang mit Risiken ist geprägt durch mögliche kognitive Verzerrungen und subjektive Bewertungen der beteiligten Personen.So zeigen empirische Studien aus der betriebswirtschaftlichen und psychologischen Forschung bei der Risikowahrnehmung einige Verhaltensmuster von Entscheidungsträgern auf, die sich durch Heuristiken (sog. „Daumenregeln“) erklären lassen.Der Einsatz dieser Heuristiken ist evolutionär bedingt und ermöglicht es Menschen, durch einen sparsamen Umgang mit begrenzten kognitiven Ressourcen in kurzer Zeit zu einer Bewertung zu kommen (vgl.Renn et al., 2007). Der Einsatz von Heuristiken führt allerdings häufig dazu, dass die von Entscheidungsträgern geschätzte Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit von Risiken sehr stark von der objektiven statistischen Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit abweicht (vgl. Hertwig/Wulff,2014).
This experimental study analyzes how two key factors, information load and creativity, influence decision making in escalation situations in which decision makers reinvest further resources in a losing course of action even when information indicates that the IT project is performing poorly and should be discontinued. Whereas previous studies focus on the complexity of information, this study investigates how different quantities of information influence escalation of commitment and how information load interacts with a decision maker’s interpretation of negative feedback regarding earlier decisions. In situations in which escalation of commitment can occur, infor-mation load is relevant for decision making for two reasons. First, in escalation situations in which decision makers face negative feedback, information load exacerbates the tendency to escalate commitment. Second, when an escalation tendency is absent, information load can lead to a decision to continue a losing course of action, which can be mistaken for escalation of commitment. Furthermore, decision makers with a higher level of creativity tend to invest more than decision makers with a lower level of creativity. Surprisingly, creative decision makers do not change their behavior when facing negative consequences while less creative decision mak-ers show an escalation of commitment tendency.
This study analyzes how information influences decision making in escalation of situations. In those situations decision makers follow a losing course of action and invest further resources even when accounting information indicates that the project is performing poorly and should be discontinued. We conducted two experiments with Chinese participants and used a replication of Staw's (1976) often cited case. Our study investigates how different levels of information load influence escalation of commitment of Chinese participants. Contrary to the prior findings in Germany, we find that Chinese decision makers do not escalate when facing different levels of information load. These results, in light of prior studies that find a comparatively strong escalation tendency of Chinese decision makers, are explained along with the limitations and further research. Abstract This study analyzes how information influences decision making in escalation of situations. In those situations decision makers follow a losing course of action and invest further resources even when accounting information indicates that the project is performing poorly and should be discontinued. We conducted two experiments with Chinese participants and used a replication of Staw's (1976) often cited case. Our study investigates how different levels of information load influence escalation of commitment of Chinese participants. Contrary to the prior findings in Germany, we find that Chinese decision makers do not escalate when facing different levels of information load. These results, in light of prior studies that find a comparatively strong escalation tendency of Chinese decision makers, are explained along with limitations and further research.
This study analyzes the renegotiations that take place between institutionalized public–private partnerships (PPPs) and their public clients drawing on survey data on the PPPs of the German Federal Armed Forces. Generally, both the party that initiates such renegotiations and the time at which renegotiations are launched determine the outcome of the PPP’s renegotiated remuneration. This effect is moderated by the degree of contract specificity and by a decrease in demand. Specifically, when the public client initiates the renegotiation of an incomplete contractual agreement due to a decrease in demand, it can successfully reduce the remuneration of the PPP.
The Influence of Culture and Framing on Investment Decision-Making: The Case of Vietnam and Germany
(2018)
Abstract
Purpose
Cultural studies in business and economics research are still limited to particular cultures. Knowledge on cultural differences may help international corporations to adapt management practices according to the markets they are operating in. The purpose of this paper is to study the issue of escalation of commitment and framing in a new cultural setting involving Germany and Vietnam. This setting is unique and particularly interesting, for Germany being the biggest European market and Vietnam being one of the fastest growing emerging markets in Asia.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a lab experiment with student participants from Germany and Vietnam.
Findings
In a 2×2 in between-experiment, the authors find strong support that Vietnamese participants have a stronger tendency to invest additional resources and evidence that negatively framed information leads to the higher escalation of commitment. Implications are discussed.
Originality/value
The unique empirical comparison is important because differences between other western and eastern countries do not necessarily generalize to the setting.
It has been suggested that information overload decreases decision-making performance. This study empirically examines the mediating role of information (over-)load on the relationships between two system features (deep structure usage and system quality) and managerial performance using a mixed-method-approach (survey and interviews). It analyzes the relationships with respect to a state-of-the-art decision support system (DSS). Our results indicate that information overload adversely affects managerial performance and mediates the influence of system quality and deep structure usage on managerial performance. We find that system quality is positively related to information overload. Drawing on cognitive load theory, we hypothesize and confirm that deep structure usage reduces perceived information overload. Additional evidence from interviews further illustrate these results and show that information overload can be influenced in counter-intuitive ways by system aspects. Our results have important implications for the design of modern information system (IS) landscapes to support managerial performance. They draw attention to the importance of information overload as a mediating factor in the interrelationship among deep structure usage, system quality and managerial performance.
This study investigates the sustainability disclosure effects of the introduction of the Companies Act 2006 Regulations 2013 in the United Kingdom. The regulation mandates the disclosure of information on greenhouse gas emissions, gender distribution and human rights issues. We examine two research questions: first, whether firms increased disclosure on the mandated topics after the regulation became effective relative to a control group, and second, whether a potential increase in disclosure is moderated by firms’ reporting incentives, namely, firms’ capital market visibility, growth orientation, governance structure, prior voluntary sustainability disclosure levels and critical media coverage. Our sample consists of the FTSE-350 firms and a matched control group of US firms. We use textual analysis to assess the disclosure of the mandated sustainability topics in firms’ annual reports. Specifically, we examine two types of disclosure, namely, the disclosure of the mandated key performance indicators and the narrative disclosure. Our results reveal a significant increase for both types of disclosure relative to the control group. Overall, this treatment effect tends to be smaller for firms with higher reporting incentives, i. e., reporting incentives mitigate the regulatory effect. Taken together, our results suggest that both standards and reporting incentives shape firms’ sustainability disclosure level.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the role of environmental management control systems as mechanisms to translate environmental strategy into environmental managerial performance.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on survey data from 218 firms, the authors test a structural equation model.
Findings
The results show that environmental management control systems mediate the relationship between environmental strategy and environmental managerial performance. Moreover, the level of integration between regular and environmental management control systems significantly impacts the relationship between environmental management control systems and environmental managerial performance. Therefore, environmental management control systems are important mechanisms to translate environmental strategy into managerial performance, and a high level of integration can reinforce this role.
Research limitations/implications
The typical shortcomings of survey-based research apply to this study.
Originality/value
While previous research focuses primarily on environmental performance at the organizational level, this study addresses individual managerial performance with regard to environmental outcomes. In addition, the authors investigate how the level of integration between regular and environmental management control systems influences the relationship between environmental strategy and environmental managerial performance as well as the mediating role of environmental management control systems.
In the light of the information age, information overload research in new areas (e.g., social media, virtual collaboration) rises rapidly in many fields of research in business administration with a variety of methods and subjects. This review article analyzes the development of information overload literature in business administration and related interdisciplinary fields and provides a comprehensive and overarching overview using a bibliometric literature analysis combined with a snowball sampling approach. For the last decade, this article reveals research directions and bridges of literature in a wide range of fields of business administration (e.g., accounting, finance, health management, human resources, innovation management, international management, information systems, marketing, manufacturing, or organizational science). This review article identifies the
major papers of various research streams to capture the pulse of the information overload-related research and suggest new questions that could be addressed in the future and identifies concrete open gaps for further research. Furthermore, this article presents a new framework for structuring information overload issues which extends our understanding of influence factors and effects of information overload in the decision-making process.