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Since several years, reflective coatings for astronomical X-ray optics were developed at the “Aschaffenburg Competence Center for Astronomical and Space Instrumentation” (ACCASI). As part of a Bavarian-Czech cooperation between Aschaffenburg University and the Czech Technical University of Prague, two mechanically identical telescopes were built. One telescope optic was equipped with conventional gold-coated mirrors, manufactured by the Czech project partners. The 34 X-ray mirrors of the second telescope use an innovative coating system made of chromium and iridium, which was applied at the Aschaffenburg coating laboratory. Both telescopes are designed according to the bionic principle of a reflecting lobster eye. The optics works with two consecutive reflections on mutually perpendicular mirror surfaces. This enables a large field of view with many square degrees in diameter, which, however, comes at the price of a reduced angular resolution. An extensive X-ray characterization of these telescopes was carried out at the PANTER test facility of MPE, which simulates parallel starlight incident on the telescopes. The telescopes have an angular resolution of about 4 arc minutes in X-rays and a focal length of about 2 meters. The development of X-ray mirror coatings as well as the design and testing of the X-ray telescope optics is presented within this poster contribution.
Seit mehr als 100 Jahren erweisen sich stratosphärische Ballonflüge als ein adäquates Mittel, um die kosmische Strahlung und deren Auswirkungen zu untersuchen Das Aschaffenburger Stratosphären Ballon Experiment („ASTRABAX") ermöglicht es, Experimente zu Material und Biowissenschaften in Höhen von bis zu 35 km durchzuführen In den bisherigen ASTRABAX Ballonflügen haben aktive und passive Strahlungsdetektoren auf der multimodalen Plattform die kosmische Strahlung erfasst eine Kombination von Strahlung aus hochenergetischen Partikeln, Gammastrahlen und UV Strahlung. Die Auswahl und Eignung der Strahlungsdetektoren wird maßgeblich durch die Parameter der Gondel, den Dosimetrie Bereich und die Autarkie des Gerätes bestimmt Der Einsatz der verschiedenen Strahlungsdetektoren wurde durch begleitende Laborexperimente ergänzt Neben der Vermessung der Strahlungsintensität wurden auch deren Auswirkungen auf das Biopolymer Polydopamin sowie eine Bewertung der Dosisresponse und der Reparaturmechanismen bei menschlichen Zellen untersucht Strahlungsexperimente unter den realen Bedingungen in der Stratosphäre sind von Relevanz für die strahlenbiologische Forschung, für Satellitenexperimente im erdnahen Orbit sowie für bemannte Raumfahrtmissionen.
The “Deutsches Röntgen-Museum” in Remscheid (Germany) preserves a collection of X-ray images taken by W. C. Röntgen during his research. Among them are three images of Röntgen's own hands and those of his wife, Anna Bertha. Three more images show Röntgen's hunting rifle, which he was able to analyze internally by using the new X-ray technology. These two series of historical pictures from the years 1895 and 1896 provide an outstanding illustration of the scientific revolution that Röntgen's discovery triggered especially in medicine and in materials science. In April 2025, those very first recorded X-ray photographs were added on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. The corresponding public ceremony took place on September 10, 2025 in Röntgen´s birth town Remscheid. UNESCO is thus honoring not only Röntgen's groundbreaking discovery of X-rays, but also the cultural, scientific, and technological implications of his early radiographs.
The “Deutsches Röntgen-Museum” in Remscheid (Germany) is the institution that uniquely and comprehensively explores and documents the life and work of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the impact of his discovery. It preserves a collection of X-ray images taken by W. C. Röntgen during his research. Among them are three images of Röntgen's own hands and those of his wife, Anna Bertha. Three more images show Röntgen's hunting rifle, which he was able to analyze internally by using the new X-ray technology. These two series of historical pictures from the years 1895 and 1896 provide an outstanding illustration of the scientific revolution that Röntgen's discovery triggered especially in medicine and in materials science. Therefore, his discovery of X-rays ranks among the most groundbreaking scientific achievements of modern times. In April 2025, those very first recorded X-ray photographs were added on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. The corresponding public ceremony took place on September 10, 2025 in Röntgen´s birth town Remscheid. Representatives of the German UNESCO Commission, of politics, and of the German Röntgen Society were present. UNESCO is thus honoring not only Röntgen's groundbreaking discovery of X-rays, but also the cultural, scientific, and technological implications of his early radiographs. The "Deutsches Röntgen-Museum" presents six famous historical X-ray documents to the public, which are now part of UNESCO´s Memory of the World Register.
Since ten years, Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences and the Czech technical university in Prague are now cooperating. During the recent decade, eleven joint projects have been executed, mainly targeting the development of astronomical X-ray optics. The bilateral cooperation also included the exchange of PhD students and scientists, cost compensation for conference participations, and the sponsoring of scientific conferences (AXRO and IBWS). The scientific output up to date are more than twenty joint publications and many individual conference contributions of the project partners in addition. The Bavarian-Czech Academic Agency (BTHA) has funded all of these projects. It is the goal of the Bavarian-Czech Academic Agency to support the academic collaboration in research and education and to contribute to an increased cooperation of the two neighbored countries Bavaria and Czech Republic in general. We will give a review on one decade of our Bavarian-Czech cooperation and on the scientific results of our joint projects on astronomical X-ray optics.
The Deutsches Röntgen Museum” in Remscheid (Germany) is the institution that uniquely and comprehensively explores and documents the life and work of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the impact of his discovery. It preserves a collection of X- ray images taken by W. C. Röntgen during his research. Among them are three images of Röntgen's own hands and those of his wife, Anna Bertha. Three more images show Röntgen's hunting rifle, which he was able to analyze internally by using the new X ray technology. These two series of historical pictures from the years 1895 and 1896 provide an outstanding illustration of the scientific revolution that Röntgen's discovery triggered especially in medicine and in materials science. Therefore, his discovery of X-rays ranks among the most groundbreaking scientific achievements of modern times. In April 2025 those very first recorded X ray photographs were added on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. The corresponding public ceremony took place on September 10 2025 in Röntgen ´ s birth town Remscheid. Representatives of the German UNESCO Commission, of politics, and of the German Röntgen Society were present UNESCO is thus honoring not only Röntgen's groundbreaking discovery of X rays, but also the cultural, scientific, and technological implications of his early radiographs. The "Deutsches Röntgen Museum" presents six famous historical X-ray documents to the public, which are now part of UNESCO ´ s Memory of the World Register.
For scientific and commercial applications, CubeSats enable cost-effective missions and significantly reduce the time between mission concept and launch compared to classical large satellites. Since 2000, there has been an accelerating increase in CubeSat launches, which in turn is expected to drive up the demand for dedicated optical instruments, especially in commercially relevant areas like high-resolution optics for earth observation. We present some studies and ideas of application of CubeSats mainly in the field of astronomy and astrophysics elaborated and studied at the Czech Technical University in Prague in collaboration with Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences. These includes single CubeSats as well as tandem CubeSat constellations. These miniature satellites can carry miniature scientific payloads for high-energy observations of both astrophysical objects as well as targets in high earth atmosphere. The examples include miniature X-ray and UV telescopes monitors and cameras, but also optical and NIR payloads. Due to the recent progress in satellite control engineering, tandem flight arrangements of mini-satellites are currently in discussion and under consideration for future space missions. CubeSat technologies offer an interesting possibility for space-born telescope payloads based on this approach. In such scenario, two small satellites will fly at a constant distance of a few meters up to 100 meters. Thereby, the front satellite will carry the telescope optics and the second satellite the detector system. The tandem flight arrangements are crucial for design of space telescopes with larger focal distances exceeding the typical sizes of small satellites.
The ASTRABAX experiment ("Aschaffenburg Stratospheric Balloon Experiment") uses a multimodal platform to study radiation exposures in the upper atmosphere. We present a modular approach to accommodate the numerous setups under the weight restriction of light unmanned free stratospheric balloon. The compartmental setup allows flexibility to address current research questions with low expenditure in costs, manpower and technology expertise. Its easy implementation is suitable for educational purposes of students in the fields of astronomy, astrobiology, and material research. Recently, two stratospheric balloons were flown to test the feasibility and connectivity of different building blocks in a temperature-controlled gondola, and to characterize the stratospheric radiation environment.The focus of the physical experiments is the observation of the UV-C spectral region using miniature UV-VIS spectrometers, and cosmic ray dosimetry with a Geiger counter. A second set of experiments assesses the effects of irradiation on polydopamine coatings intended for the application in space-born X-ray telescopes. The platform also contains samples of biological cells that are simultaneously exposed to low-dose radiation of different compositions of particle, X-ray and UV radiation. Post-flight nanoscopic measurements aim to examine changes in the spatial chromatin organization playing a crucial role in DNA-repair mechanisms. Investigations in such natural environment are of importance for high altitude atmospheric as well as space flights, for comparable exposures on other objects of the solar system and for astrobiology.
Der erste von drei geplanten Ballonflügen beim Aschaffenburger Stratosphären-
Ballon-Experiment („ASTRABAX“) startete im Oktober 2024 in Bad Pyrmont und
erreichte eine Flughöhe von fast 35 km. Der Schwerpunkt der physikalischen
Experimente lag auf der Vermessung des UV-C-Spektralbereichs mit einem
Miniatur-Spektrometer und der Strahlungsdosimetrie mit einem Geigerzähler.
We present a summary of our contribution to the EU Horizon 2020 project AHEAD2020, with emphasis on the X-ray optics work package. The Czech Technical University – together with other collaborating institutes – studied innovative Lobster Eye and Kirkpatrick-Baez X-ray modules, based on the Multi Foil Optics technology. In addition, a student’s workshop in December 2023 and a summer school in May 2024 were organized within the project.
