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Erneuerbare-Energien-Anlagen speisen ihren Strom bisher vorwiegend fluktuierend in die Stromnetze ein. Durch Kombination dieser fluktuierenden Erzeugung zum Beispiel aus Photovoltaik oder
Windenergie mit flexibler Erzeugung aus Biogas in einem virtuellen Kraftwerk können diese
Herausforderungen jedoch gelöst werden. Geeignete Technologien und IKT-Infrastrukturen vorausgesetzt, können erneuerbare Energien damit künftig zu einer verlässlichen Stromerzeugung werden.
This paper describes an automatic sampling system for anaerobic reactors that allows taking representative samples following the guidelines of Gy’s (1998) theory of sampling. Due to the high heterogeneity degree in a digester the sampling errors are larger than the analysis error, making representative sampling a prerequisite for successful process control. In our system, samples are automatically processed, generating a higher density of data and avoiding human error by sample manipulation. The combination of a representative sampling system with a commercial automate titration unit generates a robust online monitoring system for biogas plants. The system was successfully implemented in an operating biogas plant to control a feeding-on-demand biogas system.
The burden of excess energy from the high renewable energy sources (RES) share creates a significant reduction of residual load for the future, resulting in reduced market prices. The higher the share of stochastic RES, the more often the price will be 0 €/MWh. The power market needs new methods to solve these problems. The development of virtual power plants (VPPs) is aimed at solving techno-economic problems with an increasing share of RES in the power market. This study analyses a possible implementation of stochastic and deterministic RES in a VPP to generate secured power, which can be implemented in the European Power Exchange (EPEX)/European Energy Exchange (EEX) power market using existing market products. In this study, the optimal economic VPP configuration for an RES-based power plant is investigated and implemented into standard power market products. The results show that the optimal economic VPP configuration for different market products varies, depending on the energy availability and the marginal costs of the VPP components. The size of the VPP components is positively correlated to the components’ share of the energy generated. It was also found that projecting or implementing VPPs in Germany at current market prices (EPEX/EEX prices) is not yet economically feasible for a small share of market products. However, the secured power can be marketed on the SPOT and in the futures market with higher and more stable prices compared with the status quo.
Einsatz derivativer instrumente für die Integration erneuerbarer Energien in bestehende Strommärkte
(2017)
Die aktuellen politischen Maßnahmen zur Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den Strommarkt sind ineffizient und teuer, gleichzeitig schädigen sie den bestehenden Markt. Mittels der Kombi-nation fluktuierender und regelbarer erneuerbarer Energien in Kombikraftwerken und der Ver-marktung der Leistung als Derivat am Terminmarkt kann der Spotmarkt entlastet werden. In der Folge reduziert sich die EEG-Umlage und erneuerbare Energien können als gesicherte Leistung im Markt zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Im folgenden Beitrag soll ein organisatorischer Ansatz für die Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den Strommarkt aufgezeigt werden, der den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien unter marktwirt-schaftlichen Aspekten ermöglicht, die Versorgungssicherheit gewährleistet und dem bestehenden Kraftwerkspark einen geordneten Umbau hin zu einem flexiblen System ermöglicht.
(2) (PDF) Einsatz derivativer Instrumente für die Integration erneuerbarer Energien in bestehende Strommärkte. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317580615_Einsatz_derivativer_Instrumente_fur_die_Integration_erneuerbarer_Energien_in_bestehende_Strommarkte.
Traditional small-scale biogas systems are struggling with several problems, e.g. reliability, limitations in the variety of feedstock, and costs. To overcome these problems a bag-reactor system, which includes stirring-units, was designed. The system has a capacity of 200 kg d 1 input and 5.0 m³ d-1 biogas output. Due to standardized components - available world-wide - the system could be built-up within one day. Also, maintenance and repair are manageable due to the standard components. The system could be operated with different feedstocks, does not need water for dilution and no electricity. From 2015 to 2020 a total of 40 of these biogas plants were installed in South/Middle America. The experiences from the plant operators were collected. Analyzes of gas quality and quantity as well as the quality of the residues were done. It shows that the gas production is stable, and the gas could be used for heating and electricity generation. The nutrition value of the residues is 2.5-times higher compared to the input materials, the plant tolerance also increases. It shows that small-scale biogas plants could be adapted to local requirements. It increases the added value in rural areas, reduces the purchase of fertilizers and fuels and reduces emissions.