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Dieses Werk zeigt Benchmarking als Analysemethode des Immobilien-Controllings besonders im Kontext der Renditeoptimierung und Kostensenkung.
In der überarbeiteten 3. Auflage wird seine Anwendung in den Disziplinen Investment- und Portfoliomanagement sowie Asset-, Property- und Facility Management sowie die integrale Bedeutung innerhalb des Immobilienlebenszyklus beschrieben. Die erforderlichen Grundlagen, Methoden, Vorgehensweisen, als auch die einzelnen Bausteine des Benchmarkings werden detailliert und anhand einer Vielzahl von Praxisbeispielen erläutert.
Die Entwicklungsmethodik für mechatronische Systeme benötigt eine sehr gute Integrationsfähigkeit der verwendeten (Software-) Werkzeuge für den Systementwurf, den domänenspezifischen Entwurf, sowie für die Systemintegration. Hierzu wurden verschiedene Werkzeuge untersucht, die eine Abbildung des Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) ermöglichen. Insbesondere Werkzeugumgebungen für integriertes und föderiertes MBSE wurden untersucht. Ein Hauptaugenmerk wurde auf die Integration der Simulation in Verknüpfung mit SysML oder ähnlichen Modellen gelegt. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein Referenzsystem mit verschiedenen Werkzeugen virtuell aufgebaut und der Umfang der Werkzeuge bewertet. Zum Aufbau des Referenzsystems wurde grundlegend mit dem RFLP-Ansatz und der FAS-Methode vorgegangen. Ferner wurde untersucht, ob die vorliegenden Methoden ausreichend sind, um MBSE mit den Werkzeugen zu betreiben. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass die Methoden im Umfeld des MBSE noch weiter ausgearbeitet werden müssen.
MEMS-based Micro-Heaters, in combination with thin-film temperature sensors, are often used for providing the necessary amount of thermal energy for sensor-applications. In this work, we propose an integrated micro-heater as actuator for fusion bonding of polymers, which can optimize the production process of electret-based micro-energy-harvesters. By adjusting the design parameters of thermoforming-molds, we can implement thin-film micro-heaters that are capable of generating temperatures of above 300°C for numerous cycles. Utilizing the integrated micro-heater allows local fusion bonding of Fluoroethylenepropylene (Teflon-FEP) foils on a micrometer-scale while reducing unnecessary thermal stress. This is beneficial for the longevity of the micro-energy-harvesters, while simultaneously improving its performance.
In this work we present a new micro-system-technology based production process for
unipolar ferroelectrets. Theoretical analysis of the influence of the air-gap size on the electric
field distribution as well as on the induced charge on the electrodes shows superior performance
of unipolar piezoelectrets with small air-gaps. For the production of these small air-gaps we
developed a new design using a photoresist thermoforming master, an integrated micro-heater
and shadow masks for metallization. Unipolar piezoelectrets produced with this technology
exhibit increased d33-coefficients compared to designs in previous publications. These
piezoelectrets are highly preferable for energy-harvesting applications, as they promise high
electric power output.
Vehicle dynamic considerations regarding the safety of lightweight vehicles need to cover different aspects
than those regarding conventional automobiles. New problems and effects require dedicated research and
modified methods. The present contribution discusses these new challenges covering aspects like specific
vehicle design concepts (e.g. three-wheelers) and the significance of human body mass in relation to the
total mass.
Some initial simulation results are presented that were gained with an example design of a three-wheeled
two seater vehicle. The results show that the seating position and number of passengers have a significant
influence on the stability against rollover. Thus they illustrate that the mass of the human body is of
importance for the dynamic behaviour of the overall system.
The article gives a list of further effects like the stiffness and damping properties of the human body and
also the influence of the human as part of the system in terms of control engineering. A strategy is
suggested which combines computer simulation and road tests. This strategy minimizes the need for costly
testbed experiments for optimizing the simulation models. Particularly when simulation is employed in
order to reduce the need for sensors that would require complicated structural modification (e.g. force
sensors in suspension components). Ideally, sensor application can be limited to inertial sensors and other
positioning sensors like GPS.
In Vitro Platform for Acoustic and Electrophysiological Investigations of Ultrasound Neuromodulation
(2017)
The quality of life has increased dramatically over the past decades. Approximately one billion individuals worldwide will be aged 65 years or older by 2030. With the increasing age of human population, prevalence of neurodegenerative ailments, such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease, increases. Brain pacemakers are proposed to treat their symptoms. They provide the electrical stimulation of neuronal regions of the central or peripheral nervous system. But for the implantation of brain pacemakers, surgery is needed. Those surgical interventions can be avoided by using transcranial stimulation methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). However, magnetic fields lack the possibility of focusing. Ultrasound (US) offers transcranial characteristics as well and allows focusing on a specific target area in the brain. Over 60 years ago, the Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) model was presented to simulate the electrophysiological activity of neurons but it lacks to describe the impact of mechanical soundwaves on action potentials in a neuron.
Firms experience that an increasingly complex supply base is a costly investment. In order
to keep specialized suppliers but to reduce the effort of managing it, OEMs contract
second-tier firms and direct them to first-tier suppliers. We conduct four embedded case
studies in the international automotive industry to record types and possible motivations
of directed sourcing. Our findings show that directed sourcing triads may be set up to
achieve operational efficiencies but also for strategic reasons such as to gain access to
foreign markets. This research contributes to literature on triadic supply chains in general
and network buyer-supplier relationships specifically.
High angular resolution, large collecting area and reduced weight per unit area are required for astronomical X-ray telescopes of the next generation observatories. New technologies for processing X-ray mirrors are under development to fulfill these needs. One option is to realize a Wolter I type telescope constituted of several hundred nested thin and light-weight X-ray mirror segments. The individual mirror segments need to be coated with an about 100 nm thick film of a high-reflective material to enhance the reflectivity for X-rays. Thereby an accurate shape metrology of the segments is necessary to predict the angular resolution of the astronomical telescope as well as to control the development process of X-ray mirrors. We present the challenges in shape measurements of thin glasses used to control the coating process and first experimental results about the repeatability of the measurements.