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Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into decision-making processes is key to improving organizational performance. However, trust in AI-based decision support systems (DSSs), similar to other information systems, is important for successful integration. A disruptive phenomenon, “algorithm aversion”, can impede AI trust and, thus, acceptance. Although AI recommendations outperform human recommendations in different decision-making fields, individuals underweight recommendations from AI-based DSSs compared to human decision-makers due to a lack of AI trust. We conducted a lab experiment to investigate the role of AI recommendations in workplace-related tasks, first focusing on the mediating effect of AI trust and the negative impact of algorithm aversion on decision-making performance and the moderating effect of technical competence. Second, we analyzed the ability of gamification to reduce this phenomenon. We provide evidence regarding how to enhance decision-making performance when AI recommendations are deployed and identify countermeasures against algorithm aversion to facilitate the adoption of AI-based DSSs.
Modellierung des Antriebsstrangs einer Textilmaschine zum Zweck der modellbasierten Steuerung
(2024)
Zur Produktion von gewirkten Textilien werden mehrere Nadeln auf eine Legebarre gesetzt, die durch Servoantriebe positioniert werden. Aufgrund der erzwungenen Bewegung kann der Antriebsstrang bei hohen Drehzahlen zur Schwingung angeregt werden. Die richtige Wahl der Steuerkurven ist daher eine sehr wichtige und anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, die durch ein Antriebsstrangmodell unterstützt werden soll. Dafür wird am Beispiel eines Teststands ein Modell des Antriebsstranges in MATLAB/Simulink® entwickelt. Für das Antriebsstrangmodell müssen eine geeignete Modellordnung und Modellparameter gewählt werden. Die unbekannten Modellparameter werden durch eine Parameteridentifikation ermittelt. Mit einer Validierung wird ein geeignetes Anregungsspektrum für die Bestimmung der Modellordnung und die Parameteridentifikation ermittelt.
Axicon generated Bessel beams are a popular tool for high aspect ratio precision laser drilling. Spot diameter and working distance are given by the geometric parameters of the axicon and the wavelength used. Thus, it is difficult to manipulate the beam shape of a Bessel beam for a given setup. Spatial light modulators (SLMs) overcome limitations in flexibility. However, due to the limited phase shift of SLMs, only Bessel beams with flat cone angles and large focal length can be generated. In this contribution, an approach for generating Bessel beams with a shorter, but tunable focal length is presented. A physical axicon was combined with an SLM. A holographic image of a negative axicon is put on the SLM to generate a ring beam, which is focused by a subsequent physical axicon to get a small focal diameter. Thus, different sized high aspect ratio micro holes can be drilled without using any moving components.
Two different control concepts for the automatic track guidance of forklifts are
proposed. Both approaches are based on Reinforcement Learning (RL), a method of Artificial
Intelligence (AI), and are able to take into account time-variant parameters, such as the vehicle velocity, and to reduce the influence of the path curvature, the most important disturbance variable of lateral vehicle control. In the first approach, both, the path curvature and the vehicle velocity signal, are provided to the controller in addition to the state variables of the controlled system. By varying the corresponding parameters in the training process, both signals can be considered and the control parameters can be optimized accordingly. In the second approach, several controllers (multi-model concept) considering the path curvature are used and the varying vehicle velocity is taken into account using a gain-scheduling concept. Considering time-variant vehicle parameters and the influence of the disturbance variable during operation, a stable track guidance is guaranteed within the whole speed range of the industrial trucks.
We report on ultraviolet ultrashort pulsed laser processing of silicon carbide. Laser ablated cavities are evaluated with respect to their ablation rates, surface roughness and overall quality by varying the laser pulse fluence. Using this type of laser, high edge quality and surface roughness down to 107 nm can be achieved with an ablation efficiency of up to 0.228 mm 3 W −1 min −1. Functional surfaces are produced by generating laser induced periodic surface structures. The comparison with infrared wavelength underlines the advantages of the ultraviolet wavelength for laser micro machining this material. Significant differences with respect to the measured ablation depths and roughness as well as generated micro-and nanostructures appear. While infrared ablation is dominated by a chipping mechanism above a critical fluence of 9.93 Jcm −2 , higher ablation rates are observed with strong quality losses at the same time. In comparison to the infrared emission wavelength, in general , a significantly higher processing quality is achieved with the ultraviolet emission wavelength. In addition, the influence of spot size and repetition rate in UV processing is investigated. By increasing these parameters, a process acceleration without quality losses is enabled. The generation of a sophisticated microstructure exemplifies the advantages of processing silicon carbide with the UV laser reported here.
We report on the acceleration of femtosecond reductive laser sintering of copper (II) oxide on the surface of transparent cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) by varying the focus size to generate metallic copper (Cu) layers. By using different focusing conditions, different process speeds are achieved, and the structural accuracies are controlled. The formation of Cu lines is observed for different focus sizes at various scan speeds, which is attributed to laser exposure duration and chemical reaction time. The formed lines are categorized and measured by optical microscopy and provide the basis for two-dimensional Cu surfaces. By hatching, high quality conductive films are produced with an increased focus diameter of up to 400 µm at a scan speed of 400 mm/s and a hatch distance of 250 µm resulting in a multiple increased process speed by a factor of thirteen compared to previous research. Using 4-tip measurement , a low sheet resistance of 0.165 Ω/sq was validated on these Cu films, which have an atomic Cu content of 89.5%.
We report on an experimental study of laser microvia percussion drilling of Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF) material using an ultrashort pulsed laser in the ultraviolet region. In order to optimize the drilling quality in terms of the fabricated taper and microvia diameter, the
MHz burst mode is used in combination with both a Gaussian and a top-hat laser intensity distribution. To evaluate the influence of the top-hat beam shape on defocusing, microvias were drilled at different z-positions in the range of 200 μm evenly distributed around the focal plane. The drilling quality was evaluated by laser scanning microscopy and metallography. When using a top-hat beam shape, a reduced taper of down to 26.8 % on average is achieved compared to a Gaussian beam. For the application of 3 intra-burst pulses, we find an improvement of the taper by 11.6% compared to the single pulse mode due to the increasing heat accumulation. Using a top-hat beam shape in combination with the MHz burst mode, an 18.2 % reduction in laser drilling time for a microvia with a similar taper is remarkable, demonstrating the high potential for scaling throughput in electronics manufacturing.
Reflective coatings for astronomical X-ray optics were developed at the “Aschaffenburg Competence Center for Astronomical and Space Instrumentation” (ACCASI) since several years. As part of a Bavarian-Czech cooperation between the Technical University of Aschaffenburg and the Czech Technical University of Prague, now two mechanically identical telescopes were built. One telescope optic was equipped with conventional gold-coated mirrors, manufactured by the Czech project partners. The 34 X-ray mirrors of the second telescope use an innovative coating system made of chromium and iridium, which was applied at the Aschaffenburg coating laboratory. Both telescopes are designed according to the bionic principle of a reflecting lobster eye. The optics works with two consecutive reflections on mutually perpendicular mirror surfaces. This enables a large field of view with many square degrees in diameter, which, however, comes at the price of a reduced angular resolution. An extensive X-ray characterization of these telescopes was carried out at the PANTER test facility of MPE, which simulates parallel starlight incident on the telescopes. The telescopes have an angular resolution of about 4 arc minutes in X-rays and a focal length of about 2 meters. Furthermore, the used X-ray mirrors reflect and focus visible light as well and this functionality in the optical regime was checked in laboratory tests. Now another test campaign was done to examine the telescope resolution for real objects of the visible sky and the imaging properties for star constellations. Such functional tests by observing astronomical objects of the visible sky may simplify and accelerate the development of X-ray telescopes for satellite applications.