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Firms experience that an increasingly complex supply base is a costly investment. In order
to keep specialized suppliers but to reduce the effort of managing it, OEMs contract
second-tier firms and direct them to first-tier suppliers. We conduct four embedded case
studies in the international automotive industry to record types and possible motivations
of directed sourcing. Our findings show that directed sourcing triads may be set up to
achieve operational efficiencies but also for strategic reasons such as to gain access to
foreign markets. This research contributes to literature on triadic supply chains in general
and network buyer-supplier relationships specifically.
Organizations face increased pressure from stakeholders to incorporate a
plethora of corporate responsibility (CR) and sustainability aspects in their
business practices. Legal and extra-legal demands are dynamically changing;
almost no organizational function is unaffected. Owing to the outsourcing
wave of the last decade, in particular purchasing and supply management
(PSM) plays an ever more important role in assuring sustainable production
of the firm’s products offered in the marketplace. The supply base of many
Western firms has become increasingly global and spend volumes have shifted
towards emerging countries. In order to avoid the risk of reputational damage
to the buying company, the PSM department must ensure that their international
suppliers comply with their corporate codes of conduct and that environmental
and social misconduct at supplier premises does not occur. In
this paper, ‘‘sustainability’’ refers to the pursuit of the tripartite of economic,
environmental, and social performance.We contribute to prior research in the
fields of sustainability and CR by extending insights of the dynamic capabilities
view to analyze how the PSM function integrates sustainability
aspects in its global supplier management processes. Based on four case
studies in the chemical industry, we propose that profound sustainable global
supplier management (SGSM) capabilities are a source of competitive advantage.
These capabilities are path dependent and particularly valuable when
organizations are receptive to external stakeholder pressure. Early movers in
the field of SGSM reap competitive benefits to a notable extent as a result of
resource accumulation and learning processes over time.
Over the last years, IT Security has slowly found its way into teaching in higher education. It is becoming increasingly important to integrate knowledge about the development of secure systems (secure software engineering) into academic teaching. However, teaching security and secure software engineering to non-computer-scientists is rare. Therefore, we focus our research on the integration of IT Security into software engineering education of non-computer scientists, particularly electrical engineers, by means of inductive teaching- and learning-arrangements. As a prerequisite for inductive teaching, our paper deals with engineering and computer science students’ preconceptions of the topics IT Security and secure software engineering to identify learning contents and corresponding teaching methods to improve academic learning and teaching in both areas in the future. To identify those preconceptions, we conducted guided interviews with freshmen of engineering and computer science studies from different German Universities of Applied Sciences, containing questions about what they have heard about the topic of IT Security. The interviews were coded according to the coding process of the Grounded Theory Method of Corbin and Strauss [1], with focus on open and axial coding. The goal was to derive a first catalogue of students’ preconceptions according to IT Security and secure software engineering. We present the first version of the catalogue in the paper.