Revealing patterns in major depressive disorder with machine learning and networks

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. There is an urgent need for an automated and objective method to detect MDD due to the limitations of traditional diagnostic approaches. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on machine and deep learning to classify patients with MDD and identify altered functional connectivity patterns from EEG data. We compare several connectivity metrics and machine learning algorithms. Complex network measures are used to identify structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Using Spearman correlation for network construction and the SVM classifier, we verify that it is possible to identify MDD patients with high accuracy, exceeding literature results. The SHAP (SHAPley Additive Explanations) summary plot highlights the importance of C4-F8 connections and also reveals dysfunction in certain brain areas and hyperconnectivity in others. Despite the lower performance of the complex network measures for the classification problem, assortativity was found to be a promising biomarker. Our findings suggest that understanding and diagnosing MDD may be aided by the use of machine learning methods and complex networks.

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Author:Loriz Francisco Sallum, Caroline L. Alves, Thaise Graziele L de O Toutain, Joel Augusto Moura Porto, Christiane ThielemannORCiD, Francisco A. Rodrigues
DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116163
ISSN:0960-0779
Parent Title (English):Chaos, Solitons & Fractals
Publisher:Elsevier BV
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Year of Completion:2025
Release Date:2025/03/10
GND Keyword:Depression; Maschinelles Lernen; Elektroencephalographie
Volume:194
Article Number:116163
Urheberrecht:1
Institutes:Fakultät Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik / Labore / BIOMEMS Lab
research focus :Intelligent Systems / Artifical Intelligence and Data Science
Reviewed:ja
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