TY - CHAP A1 - Krieg, Janina A1 - Carre, Antoine A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Hartmann, Peter A1 - Hull, Tony A1 - Jedamzik, Ralf A1 - Westerhoff, Thomas T1 - The past decade of ZERODUR® glass-ceramics in space applications T2 - Proceedings of SPIE N2 - For the past four decades, ZERODUR® glass ceramics has flown on many satellites including the prominent space missions METEOSAT, Hubble Space Telescope, CHANDRA, and LISA pathfinder. Firstly, this unique material is chosen as mirror substrate for high precision optics due to its extreme thermal stability. Its near-zero thermal expansion over a wide temperature range of several tens of Kelvin is homogenous within the entire volume. This enables control of the ZERODUR®’s surface profile at the 10-picometer level. SCHOTT has conducted comprehensive material characteristics studies on the mechanical properties and the radiation environment effects experienced in realistic orbits to define the suitability of ZERODUR® to survive both high loads during launch and to support long-term missions, respectively. Besides these advantageous material properties, this glass-ceramics can be extremely light-weighted by precision grinding enabled by the new SCHOTT competence center for machining and metrology. In this paper, we will continue to trace the recent developments of ZERODUR® glass ceramics as space material in the context of selected missions flown since 2009 and those anticipated. Major milestones such as the LISA pathfinder mission are discussed. Furthermore, we outline the viable use of ZERODUR® for great observatory architectures for IR/O/UV spaceborne telescopes. The objective of this paper is to supplement an earlier review of the use of ZERODUR® for space applications in the past decade and to summarize the latest progress and results of material studies toward very efficient production capabilities for high-performance light-weighted mirror substrates. KW - mirror KW - space KW - glass ceramics KW - low thermal expansion KW - satellite KW - Spiegelteleskop KW - Zerodur KW - Glaskeramik Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628956 VL - 2022 IS - 12180 SP - 121805N-1 EP - 121805N-15 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Zeising, Sebastian A1 - Stieglitz, Veronika A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Rukdee, Surangkhana A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Jelinek, Martin A1 - Hudec, Rene T1 - Röntgenteleskop-Funktionstests durch Beobachtung astronomischer Objekte am sichtbaren Nachthimmel T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - Lobster-Eye-Röntgenteleskope nutzen reflektierende Planspiegel unter streifendem Einfall und zeichnen sich durch ein großes Beobachtungsfeld aus. Die Spiegel reflektieren auch sichtbare Strahlung hervorragend. Nach Röntgen-messungen im Labor wurden nun weitere Tests durchgeführt, um die Abbildungs-eigenschaften mit realen Objekten des sichtbaren Himmels zu untersuchen. KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - Teleskop KW - Lobster-Eye KW - Iridium KW - Astronomie KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Spiegelteleskop Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/123/123_a35.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stollenwerk, Manfred A1 - Schmitt, Paul A1 - Szeghalmi, Andrea T1 - Umweltbeständige Spiegelbeschichtungen aus Iridium für den infraroten Spektralbereich T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - Das Edelmetall Iridium ist hart; extrem dicht; thermisch, mechanisch und chemisch stabil; weist eine hohe Reflektivität im mittleren und fernen Infrarot auf und hat eine hohe Beständigkeit gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen - auch ohne weitere Schutzschichten. Es wurden die komplexen Brechungsindizes für Iridium-Spiegelbeschichtungen bestimmt, welche vorhandene Literaturwerte ergänzen. KW - Iridium KW - Spiegel KW - Reflektivität KW - Brechungsindex KW - ALD KW - Iridium KW - Beschichtung Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/123/123_p13.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2022 IS - 123 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Gille, Florian A1 - Guimbelot, Elzear A1 - Tichy, Vladimir A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Effective areas of astronomical X-ray optics for cubesats and rocket experiments T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - The effective area is one of the main telescope parameters when justifying real space application. We discuss the estimation of the effective collecting area of an X-ray telescope by two different methods, an analytical method and a simulation algorithm, and then compare the results. The Lobster Eye type telescopes considered here are designed for rocket experiments and CubeSat flights. KW - X-ray KW - telescope KW - satellite KW - effective area KW - Lobster Eye KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/123/123_p12.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2022 IS - 123 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO ER - TY - GEN A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stollenwerk, Manfred A1 - Schmitt, Paul A1 - Szeghalmi, Adriana T1 - Umweltbeständige Spiegelbeschichtungen aus Iridium für den infraroten Spektralbereich N2 - Hochreflektierende Metallbeschichtungen sind essenziell für zahlreiche optische Elemente. Bewährte Spiegelbeschichtungen aus Silber und Gold bieten eine hohe und breitbandige Eigenreflexion im infraroten Spektralbereich, sind ohne geeignete Schutzschichten jedoch anfällig gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen und mechanischer Beanspruchung. Insbesondere im langwelligen Spektralbereich verringern die Absorptionsbanden dieser Schutzschichten teilweise die hohe Spiegelreflektivität wieder. Das Edelmetall Iridium (Ir) ist hart; extrem dicht; thermisch, mechanisch und chemisch stabil; weist eine ähnlich hohe Reflektivität im mittleren und fernen Infrarot, wie Silber und Gold, auf und hat zusätzlich eine hohe Beständigkeit gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen - auch ohne Schutzschichten. In diesem Beitrag werden die optischen und strukturellen Eigenschaften von Iridium-Spiegelbeschichtungen, welche mittels Atomlagenabscheidung (ALD) und DC-Magnetron-Sputtern hergestellt wurden, vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen. Die komplexen Brechungsindizes für ALD-erzeugte und gesputterte Iridium-Spiegelbeschichtungen wurden für Wellenlängen von 200 nm bis 20 μm bestimmt, welche nun bereits vorhandene Literaturwerte ergänzen. N2 - Poster KW - Iridium KW - Brechungsindex KW - infrarot KW - Spiegel KW - Beschichtung KW - Iridium KW - Beschichtung Y1 - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 1 PB - DGaO ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Gille, Florian A1 - Guimbelot, Elzear A1 - Tichy, Vladimir A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Effective areas of astronomical X-ray optics for cubesats and rocket experiments N2 - We address the problem of estimation the sensitivity of astronomical X-ray telescopes of Lobster Eye type , with emphasis on calculation of effective areas for telescopes designed for rocket and CubeSat flights. This parameter is one of the principal parameters when justifying the real space application. Indeed, the larger the effective area is, the more efficient the optical system is, able to provide images of fainter and more distant celestial targets. We discuss the estimation of the effective collecting area of a X-ray telescope by two different methods and then compare the results: the analytical method and then the simulation algorithm. N2 - Poster KW - CubeSat KW - rocket KW - X-ray KW - telescope KW - effective area KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 1 PB - DGaO ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stollenwerk, Manfred A1 - Schmitt, Paul A1 - Szeghalmi, Adriana T1 - Environmentally stable iridium mirror coatings for the infrared spectral range T2 - Proceedings of SPIE N2 - Highly reflective metal coatings are essential for numerous optical elements. Established mirror coatings made of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) offer high and broadband self-reflection in the infrared (IR) spectral range but are susceptible to environmental influences and mechanical stress without suitable protective layers. In the long-wavelength spectral range, in particular, the absorption bands of these protective layers partially reduce the high mirror reflectivity again. However, the noble metal iridium (Ir) is hard, extremely dense, and thermally, mechanically, and chemically stable. Iridium provides a similarly high reflectivity in the mid (MIR) and far-infrared (FIR) spectral range, as silver and gold, and high resistance to environmental influences - even without protective layers. In this paper, the different deposition processes, as well as the optical and structural properties of iridium mirror coatings fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and by magnetron sputtering (MS), are presented and compared with each other. The complex refractive indices for ALD and MS deposited iridium mirror coatings were determined for wavelengths from 200 nm to 20 μm, complementing the existing literature values. We demonstrate that iridium mirror coatings offer a high and broadband reflectivity from the mid to far-infrared spectral range. In contrast to established – protected – silver and gold mirror coatings, the iridium coatings are environmentally durable and thermally stable up to 600 °C, even without protective layers. Therefore, as an interesting mirror coating material, iridium has the potential for special applications in infrared astronomy and probably also for industrial instruments. KW - iridium KW - coating KW - magnetron sputtering KW - atamic layer deposition KW - reflectivity KW - Iridium KW - Beschichtung Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632057 VL - 2022 IS - 12298 SP - 122980A-1 EP - 122980A-08 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stieglitz, Veronika A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Sapsai, Iryna A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Burwitz, Vadim T1 - Characterization of a lobster-eye type X-ray telescope T2 - EOSAM-Conference N2 - Lobster-eye type X-ray telescopes use reflecting plano mirrors under grazing incidence and can observe a large field of view. As part of a Bavarian-Czech cooperation, two telescopes were build, equipped with mirrors coated with gold and iridium. Their X-ray characterization was carried out at the PANTER test facility, which simulates parallel starlight incident on the telescopes. The telescopes have an angular resolution of about 4 arc minutes in X-rays and a focal length of about 2 meters. The used X-ray mirrors reflect and focus visible light as well; their functionality in the optical regime was checked in laboratory tests. Now another test campaign will be carried out to examine the telescope resolution for real objects of the visible night sky and the imaging properties for star constellations. KW - Lobster-Eye KW - X-ray KW - telescope KW - iridium KW - mirror KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Iridium KW - Röntgenspiegel Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.europeanoptics.org/events/eos/eosam2022.html VL - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Busch, Uwe T1 - X-ray honour gallery - award winners of the Röntgen Medal N2 - Starting in 1951, on the 50th anniversary of the award of the first Nobel Prize for physics to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, the Lord Mayor of the German city of Remscheid has annually awarded Röntgen Medals to scientists who "in the broadest sense have made a special contribution to the progress and dissemination of X-ray discoveries in the theoretical and applied sciences". The Röntgen Medal has become highly recognized in the scientific world. To date, more than one hundred scientists have received this honour. Through their chronology, this contribution presents a "Who’s Who" of X-ray science and provides selected insights into their scientific work; with special focus on the fields of X-ray optics and X-ray astronomy. N2 - Poster KW - X-ray KW - X-ray discoveries KW - X-ray optics KW - X-ray astronomy KW - Röntgen Medal KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Medaille KW - Röntgenstrahlung Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Insights into the history of X-rays: the Deutsches Röntgen-Museum in Remscheid N2 - In 1895, Professor Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen detected a new kind of radiation that was able to penetrate solid materials, which he called x-rays. In 1901 Röntgen received the first Nobel Prize in physics in honour of this ground breaking discovery. The Deutsches Röntgen-Museum in Remscheid in Germany is the institution that uniquely and comprehensively explores and documents the life and work of W. C. Röntgen and the impact of his discovery. The museum’s location in Remscheid is not coincidental, with Röntgen’s birthplace only a short walk away from its exhibits. Every visit to the museum amounts to a unique expedition through the worlds of medicine, science, and technology. The museum’s emphasis on the diversity of Röntgen’s invention by a multilingual, multi-medial approach enables all visitors to make their own personal discoveries. The Deutsches Röntgen-Museum in Remscheid is a mustsee for x-ray scientists from anywhere in the world. This contribution provides an insight into the history of x-rays and offers a guided tour of the Deutsches Röntgen-Museum and its exhibits. N2 - Poster KW - X-ray history KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum KW - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen KW - X-rays KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider-Störmann, Ludger A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Krauße, Sylvana T1 - Hybride Hochschulausbildung als erfolgreiches Sales Enablement Training T2 - Sales Enablement als Fundament des Vertriebserfolgs N2 - Um im technischen Vertrieb erfolgreich zu sein, bedarf es umfassender Kenntnisse bei der Vorbereitung und Durchführung von Verhandlungen, auch im interkulturellen Kontext. Dabei gilt es für Berufsanfängerinnen und Berufsanfänger, möglichst frühzeitig Erfahrungen auf diesem Gebiet zu sammeln. Hierfür eignen sich insbesondere spezialisierte Vertriebsstudiengänge. Der Studiengang Internationales Technisches Vertriebsmanagement der TH Aschaffenburg bildet Vertriebsingenieurinnen und -ingenieure u. a. durch Sales-Enablement-Trainings aus, in denen die Studierenden in interaktiven Seminaren praxisnahe Verhandlungen durchführen. Im internationalen Vergleich schneiden diese dabei hervorragend ab, was Sales Contests auf Hochschulebene belegen. Darüber hinaus fassen die Absolventinnen und Absolventen dieses Studiengangs in der Industrie schnell Fuß und erreichen bald leitende Positionen in Vertriebsabteilungen. KW - Technischer Vertrieb KW - Internationales Technisches Vertriebsmanagement KW - Interkultureller Kontext KW - Berufsanfängerinnen und Berufsanfänger KW - Vertriebsstudiengänge KW - Investitionsgütermarketing KW - Verhandlungstechnik Y1 - 2022 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-37614-7_6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37614-7_6 SP - 65 EP - 79 PB - Springer-Gabler Verlag ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rivolta, Giacomo A1 - Basso, Stefano A1 - Civitani, Marta Maria A1 - Cotroneo, Vincenzo A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Michler, Willy-Leopold A1 - Pareschi, Giovanni A1 - Spiga, Daniele A1 - Stollenwerk, Manfred T1 - Upgrade of a laboratory X-ray diffractometer to extend its operating range towards soft energies T2 - Proceedings of SPIE N2 - The optical properties of X-ray mirror samples are commonly measured using diffractometers based on laboratory sources; like the Bede D1 diffractometer operating at INAF-OAB. This instrument can generate a collimated X-ray beam up to 60 keV, even though the most interesting energy region for x-ray astronomy applications is usually below 10 keV. In the softest part of this range (below 6 keV), high X-ray absorption in air hinders a full and precise characterization of optical components. In this work, we present an upgrade of the Bede D1 diffractometer that extends the operative range of the instrument below 6 keV; this is done by maximizing the flux at lowest energies and by reducing absorption by means of a helium-rich atmosphere. The upgraded instrument will be used for the tests of X-ray mirrors with innovative soft X-ray coatings, with potential application to the next generation X-ray telescopes (such as ATHENA and eXTP). KW - X-ray KW - mirror KW - reflectivity KW - refractometer KW - ATHENA KW - Röntgenspiegel KW - Diffraktometer Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/12181/121814S/Upgrade-of-a-laboratory-x-ray-diffractometer-to-extend-its/10.1117/12.2629940.short U6 - https://doi.org/doi: 10.1117/12.2629940 SN - 0277-786X VL - 2022 IS - 12181 SP - 121814S-1 EP - 121814s-7 PB - SPIE ER -