TY - JOUR A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina T1 - Standardization in China: Electric Vehicle Technology as Driver for Change in China’s Automotive Standardization JF - International Journal of Standardization Research (IJSR) N2 - Electric vehicle (EV) development in China emerged with the 863 program (1986) for high technologies and has received support since the 10th Five Year Plan. While standards were of no particular importance in the early years of EV development, standards have increasingly become subject to policies and programs. For instance, the promotion of ‘indigenous' or ‘home-grown' innovation is perceived as means to develop domestic standards and contribute to international standards. Alongside this target, the Chinese government mandated the development of an EV standardization roadmap to serve as a guideline for optimizing standardization work, promoting technical innovation and large-scale industrialization. It was even considered that EV standardization was a novel standard field that has the potential to secure China a forerunner position in technological development as well as international standardization, regardless of standard-setting practices in the conventional automotive sector. Against this background, this paper examines the differences in system set-up and processes of standardization for the traditional automotive and the electric vehicles sector. While conventional automotive standardization is limited to a single sector with the Ministry of Industry of Information Technology and the China Automotive Technology and Research Centre in charge, electric vehicles require the participation of stakeholders from other sectors. Therefore, the negative influence from the conventional decentralized automotive sector on the development of common nationwide standards like the dynamics between national, regional and local actors cannot be deprived. Additionally, this paper also highlights learnings from EV standardization that might set positive impulses for conventional EV standardizations. KW - China KW - Standardization KW - electric vehicles KW - China KW - Elektrofahrzeug KW - Standardisierung Y1 - 2016 VL - 2016 IS - 14 (2) SP - 20 EP - 32 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina T1 - The Evolvement of Standards in China – Insight from the Electric Vehicle Sectors N2 - This book analyses why Chinese technology standards deviate from international standards. The research it contains is based on four periods of field research in Beijing that involved 70 expert interviews. The data gathered throughout these interviews resulted in a detailed case study on the Chinese standardisation system and particularly the electric vehicle sector. The book’s application of complexity theory shows that the evolvement of deviating standards is a substantial component in the development of the Chinese standardisation system. This is further explained by its use of a ‘Three Phase Standardisation Development Concept’. This book fills a gap in existing research, especially because it focuses on a developing country with a standardisation system that is in transition. KW - China KW - Standardization KW - Normung KW - China KW - Elektrofahrzeug KW - Standardisierung Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-8452-8623-5 PB - Nomos CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina T1 - The impact of China’s changing role in technology standardization BT - Wege zusammenführen 3. Internationale ATZ-Fachtagung T2 - Netzintegration der Elektromobilität 2018 N2 - China is taking on a new role in international trade. One of the most prominent events highlighting this new role has been the speech of Xi Jinping, the president of the Peoples Republic in China (PRC), at the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2017. His speech has become famous as pro-globalization speech. It contrasted with the anti-globalization tendency proclaimed throughout the US president’s election campaign, who had assumed office shortly after the speech at the 2017 WEF. KW - Electromobility KW - Standardization KW - China KW - Elektromobilität KW - Standardisierung Y1 - 2018 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-23393-8_2 SP - 9 EP - 18 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina A1 - Schmack, Ulrich T1 - Benefits of e-mobility for cross-sector energy management BT - Mobilitätswandel konsequent entwickeln - 2. Internationale ATZ-Fachtagung T2 - Netzintegration der Elektromobilität 2017 KW - Elektromobilität KW - Energiemanagement KW - Elektromobilität KW - Energiemanagement Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.springerprofessional.de/benefits-of-e-mobility-for-cross-sector-energy-management/15036976 SN - 978-3-658-19292-1 SP - 97 EP - 108 PB - Springer ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina T1 - Marktführer der „neuen“ Arbeitskräfte – Chinesische Industrie- und Servicerobotik KW - Robotik KW - China KW - China KW - Robotik Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina A1 - Fremery, Vincent T1 - China revolutioniert den Finanzsektor KW - Finanzen KW - China KW - Kapitalmarkt KW - Finanzwirtschaft Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina T1 - Exportschlager chinesische Normen? KW - Export KW - China KW - China KW - Normung Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina A1 - Luedtke, Susann ED - Tichauer, Peter T1 - Erneuerung und Innovation statt Empörung: Ideen und Lösungen für Normung mit China JF - China Insights Wirtschaftsmagazin N2 - Normung galt lange als ein rein technisches Thema für ausgewiesene Spezialisten. Neuerdings erhält das Thema zusätzliche Aufmerksamkeit durch Vertreter aus industrie- und geopolitischen Fachkreisen, insbesondere aufgrund des Entwicklungsprojekts zur Seidenstraße. Die Autorinnen skizzieren den Erneuerungsbedarf für die Normungswelt und fordern mehr Innovation, um den wachsenden Herausforderungen in der internationalen Normung entgegen zu treten. KW - Normung KW - China KW - deviating technical standards KW - Seidenstrasse KW - Technische Innovation KW - Normung KW - China Y1 - 2022 UR - http://files.eyunhan.com/eweb_upload/assets/pdf/generic/web/viewer.html?file=pdf/1646878080418307e1253-54b1-4adb-8c3e-4d468c872da820220310100800418.pdf VL - 2022 IS - 01-2022 SP - 10 EP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina A1 - Luedtke, Susann T1 - Evaluating the impact of deviating technical standards on business processes, trade and innovation JF - Journal of Standardisation N2 - Surrounding the increasingly intense discussions about the emergence of new global standardization regimes in context of China’s rise as a dominant standardization power, there has been much talk about countries purposefully using deviating national standards to impose trade barriers. The discussion of whether and to what degree technical standards deviate from international standards and how this affects business, trade, innovation and the standard system is of global relevance. As research about the impact of deviating technical standards is still strongly underrepresented in the academic community, this research analyses the different “degrees” of deviation and the respective impact of minor or negligible deviation and strong deviation on businesses trading in a global context. By using a mixed research method based on literature review, analysis of standard documents and semi-structured interviews, this study discusses peculiarities and challenges associated with deviating technical standards. This is of relevance with regards to international trade and especially trade with countries that became increasingly important players in the international standardization regime. Our research will therefore add further insights to a better understanding of the close linkage between economic growth and standardization. This paper further highlights how deviating technical standards impact companies around the globe and how these companies could use a newly developed risk indicator to not only engage in the standard game but also to better assess consequences. KW - Normung KW - standardization KW - deviation KW - technical standard KW - deviating technical standards KW - China KW - Normung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/jos/article/view/6898 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18757/jos.2023.6898 VL - 2023 IS - Vol. 2 SP - 1 EP - 28 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina T1 - Die Modernisierung des chinesischen Normungssystems T2 - Normungs- und Standardisierungsstrategien in China und Indien - Im Spannungsfeld von Industrie- und Geopolitik und Implikationen für Europa N2 - Das chinesische Normungssystem unterliegt seit Gründung der Volksrepublik 1949 einem kontinuierlichen Wandel. Mit der wirtschaftlichen Öffnung und wachsender Bedeutung am internationalen Handel wurde jedoch eine umfangreichere Modernisierung des chinesischen Normungssystems unausweichlich. Nachdem erste Versuche der Erneuerung des Normungssystems im Hauruckverfahren wenig Erfolg zeigten, geht China seit 2015 nun im Rahmen seiner Reformpläne für das Normungssystem einem ganzheitlicheren Ansatz nach. Einem Ansatz, der den Anforderungen und Ansprüchen einer führenden Wirtschaftsmacht in einem globalen Markt entspricht. Im Vergleich zu anderen führenden Normungsmächten wie Europa oder die USA gilt China als Nachzügler in der internationalen Normung. Das bietet jedoch den Vorteil, dass China aus den Erfahrungen anderer Nationen lernen und selbst ein Normungssystem etablieren kann, welches die besten Aspekte anderer Systeme aufgreift und gleichzeitig Chinas wirtschaftlichem Führungsanspruch gerecht wird. KW - Normung KW - Standardisierung KW - China KW - Normung KW - Standardisierung KW - China KW - Innovation KW - Standardization Y1 - 2022 UR - https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-658-38204-9_8.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38204-9_8 SP - 145 EP - 154 CY - Springer Gabler Wiesbaden ER -