TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Kilian A1 - Candra, Dodiek Ika A1 - Nelles, Michael T1 - Von einer fluktuierenden zur verlässlichen Stromerzeugung JF - ew Magazin für die Energiewirtschaft N2 - Erneuerbare-Energien-Anlagen speisen ihren Strom bisher vorwiegend fluktuierend in die Stromnetze ein. Durch Kombination dieser fluktuierenden Erzeugung zum Beispiel aus Photovoltaik oder Windenergie mit flexibler Erzeugung aus Biogas in einem virtuellen Kraftwerk können diese Herausforderungen jedoch gelöst werden. Geeignete Technologien und IKT-Infrastrukturen vorausgesetzt, können erneuerbare Energien damit künftig zu einer verlässlichen Stromerzeugung werden. KW - Energiemanagement KW - erneuerbare Energien KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Energiemanagement Y1 - 2019 UR - https://emagazin.ew-magazin.de/de/profiles/a21024e15cd4/editions/41fdcbacdbbd41f3c573/pages/page/42 VL - 04/2019 IS - 7655 SP - 42 EP - 44 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilches, Camilo A1 - Nelles, Michael A1 - Hartmann, Kilian T1 - Representative sampling Implementation in Online VFA/TIC Monitoring for Anaerobic Digestion JF - MDPI energies N2 - This paper describes an automatic sampling system for anaerobic reactors that allows taking representative samples following the guidelines of Gy’s (1998) theory of sampling. Due to the high heterogeneity degree in a digester the sampling errors are larger than the analysis error, making representative sampling a prerequisite for successful process control. In our system, samples are automatically processed, generating a higher density of data and avoiding human error by sample manipulation. The combination of a representative sampling system with a commercial automate titration unit generates a robust online monitoring system for biogas plants. The system was successfully implemented in an operating biogas plant to control a feeding-on-demand biogas system. KW - renewable energies KW - biogas KW - process control KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Biogas KW - Biogasanlage Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/6/1179 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061179 VL - 12 IS - 12/06 SP - 1179 EP - 1186 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Candra, Dodiek Ika A1 - Hartmann, Kilian A1 - Nelles, Michael T1 - Economic Optimal Implementation of Virtual Power Plants in the German Power Market JF - MDPI energies N2 - The burden of excess energy from the high renewable energy sources (RES) share creates a significant reduction of residual load for the future, resulting in reduced market prices. The higher the share of stochastic RES, the more often the price will be 0 €/MWh. The power market needs new methods to solve these problems. The development of virtual power plants (VPPs) is aimed at solving techno-economic problems with an increasing share of RES in the power market. This study analyses a possible implementation of stochastic and deterministic RES in a VPP to generate secured power, which can be implemented in the European Power Exchange (EPEX)/European Energy Exchange (EEX) power market using existing market products. In this study, the optimal economic VPP configuration for an RES-based power plant is investigated and implemented into standard power market products. The results show that the optimal economic VPP configuration for different market products varies, depending on the energy availability and the marginal costs of the VPP components. The size of the VPP components is positively correlated to the components’ share of the energy generated. It was also found that projecting or implementing VPPs in Germany at current market prices (EPEX/EEX prices) is not yet economically feasible for a small share of market products. However, the secured power can be marketed on the SPOT and in the futures market with higher and more stable prices compared with the status quo. KW - VPP; marketing; configuration; energy transition; power market; EPEX; EEX; power market products KW - Elektrizitätsmarkt KW - Virtuelles Kraftwerk Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2365 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092365 VL - 11 IS - 11/09 SP - 2365 EP - 2373 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hartmann, Kilian T1 - Einsatz derivativer instrumente für die Integration erneuerbarer Energien in bestehende Strommärkte N2 - Die aktuellen politischen Maßnahmen zur Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den Strommarkt sind ineffizient und teuer, gleichzeitig schädigen sie den bestehenden Markt. Mittels der Kombi-nation fluktuierender und regelbarer erneuerbarer Energien in Kombikraftwerken und der Ver-marktung der Leistung als Derivat am Terminmarkt kann der Spotmarkt entlastet werden. In der Folge reduziert sich die EEG-Umlage und erneuerbare Energien können als gesicherte Leistung im Markt zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Im folgenden Beitrag soll ein organisatorischer Ansatz für die Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den Strommarkt aufgezeigt werden, der den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien unter marktwirt-schaftlichen Aspekten ermöglicht, die Versorgungssicherheit gewährleistet und dem bestehenden Kraftwerkspark einen geordneten Umbau hin zu einem flexiblen System ermöglicht. (2) (PDF) Einsatz derivativer Instrumente für die Integration erneuerbarer Energien in bestehende Strommärkte. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317580615_Einsatz_derivativer_Instrumente_fur_die_Integration_erneuerbarer_Energien_in_bestehende_Strommarkte. KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Marktintegration KW - Terminmarkt KW - Energiemarkt KW - Erneuerbare Energien Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317580615_Einsatz_derivativer_Instrumente_fur_die_Integration_erneuerbarer_Energien_in_bestehende_Strommarkte U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36571.36645 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hartmann, Kilian A1 - Montserrat, Lluch A1 - Spurk, Christoph T1 - HoMethan - Operation of 5 m³ biogas digesters with manure and organic waste in Middle and South America N2 - Traditional small-scale biogas systems are struggling with several problems, e.g. reliability, limitations in the variety of feedstock, and costs. To overcome these problems a bag-reactor system, which includes stirring-units, was designed. The system has a capacity of 200 kg d 1 input and 5.0 m³ d-1 biogas output. Due to standardized components - available world-wide - the system could be built-up within one day. Also, maintenance and repair are manageable due to the standard components. The system could be operated with different feedstocks, does not need water for dilution and no electricity. From 2015 to 2020 a total of 40 of these biogas plants were installed in South/Middle America. The experiences from the plant operators were collected. Analyzes of gas quality and quantity as well as the quality of the residues were done. It shows that the gas production is stable, and the gas could be used for heating and electricity generation. The nutrition value of the residues is 2.5-times higher compared to the input materials, the plant tolerance also increases. It shows that small-scale biogas plants could be adapted to local requirements. It increases the added value in rural areas, reduces the purchase of fertilizers and fuels and reduces emissions. KW - biogas KW - balloon biogas KW - bag reactor KW - small biogas KW - HoMethan KW - Biogasanlage KW - Mittelamerika KW - Südamerika Y1 - 2020 ER -