TY - CHAP A1 - Franz, Daniel A1 - Mücke, Dominik A1 - Kunz, Tim A1 - Rung, Stefan A1 - Esen, Cemal A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - UV picosecond laser drilling of ABF film material for printed circuit boards using laser burst mode and beam shaping T2 - International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2023 N2 - We report on an experimental study of laser microvia percussion drilling of Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF) material using an ultrashort pulsed laser in the ultraviolet region. In order to optimize the drilling quality in terms of the fabricated taper and microvia diameter, the MHz burst mode is used in combination with both a Gaussian and a top-hat laser intensity distribution. To evaluate the influence of the top-hat beam shape on defocusing, microvias were drilled at different z-positions in the range of 200 μm evenly distributed around the focal plane. The drilling quality was evaluated by laser scanning microscopy and metallography. When using a top-hat beam shape, a reduced taper of down to 26.8 % on average is achieved compared to a Gaussian beam. For the application of 3 intra-burst pulses, we find an improvement of the taper by 11.6% compared to the single pulse mode due to the increasing heat accumulation. Using a top-hat beam shape in combination with the MHz burst mode, an 18.2 % reduction in laser drilling time for a microvia with a similar taper is remarkable, demonstrating the high potential for scaling throughput in electronics manufacturing. KW - Pikosekundenbereich KW - Laserbohren Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franz, Daniel A1 - Yang, Yongting A1 - Michel, Luis A1 - Esen, Cemal A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Evaluation of an ultrashort pulsed laser robot system for flexible and large-area micromachining JF - Journal of Laser Applications N2 - We report for the first time on the realization, characterization and application of an ultrashort pulsed laser robot system for flexible and large-area 2D and 3D laser micromachining with 6 articulated axes. To characterize the dynamic positioning of the laser beam during and after axes movement, CMOS image sensors were integrated into the beam path. A method introduced for the alignment of the optical axes allows a reduction of the deviations in laser beam positioning to less than 141.8 ± 92.9 μm within a 110° rotation range of axis 4. In addition, a high laser beam positioning repeatability of less than 102.2 μm is demonstrated over a total period of 14 h for a movement of axis 5 within a range of 0° to 90°. Initial laser cutting, laser structuring and laser marking applications on automotive dashboards and glass substrates are presented for flexible and large area 2D and 3D manufacturing. By applying a special laser cutting strategy for processing AF 32 eco thin glass, high cutting quality is achieved with a taper of up to 96.3% without the generation of cracks, demonstrating the innovative potential of the high-precision laser robot system. Nonetheless, different identified inherent influences of each axis 1–5 during robot axis movement demand for an innovative beam stabilization concept to achieve high precision in laser beam positioning. KW - Ultrakurzzeitlaser KW - Industrieroboter Y1 - 2023 N1 - Proceedings of the International Congress of Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO 2023) VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 042057 EP - 042065 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stieglitz, Veronika A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Jelinek, Martin A1 - Hudec, Rene T1 - Testing of lobster-eye type telescopes with X-rays and visible light T2 - SPIE Proceedings N2 - Reflective coatings for astronomical X-ray optics were developed at the “Aschaffenburg Competence Center for Astronomical and Space Instrumentation” (ACCASI) since several years. As part of a Bavarian-Czech cooperation between the Technical University of Aschaffenburg and the Czech Technical University of Prague, now two mechanically identical telescopes were built. One telescope optic was equipped with conventional gold-coated mirrors, manufactured by the Czech project partners. The 34 X-ray mirrors of the second telescope use an innovative coating system made of chromium and iridium, which was applied at the Aschaffenburg coating laboratory. Both telescopes are designed according to the bionic principle of a reflecting lobster eye. The optics works with two consecutive reflections on mutually perpendicular mirror surfaces. This enables a large field of view with many square degrees in diameter, which, however, comes at the price of a reduced angular resolution. An extensive X-ray characterization of these telescopes was carried out at the PANTER test facility of MPE, which simulates parallel starlight incident on the telescopes. The telescopes have an angular resolution of about 4 arc minutes in X-rays and a focal length of about 2 meters. Furthermore, the used X-ray mirrors reflect and focus visible light as well and this functionality in the optical regime was checked in laboratory tests. Now another test campaign was done to examine the telescope resolution for real objects of the visible sky and the imaging properties for star constellations. Such functional tests by observing astronomical objects of the visible sky may simplify and accelerate the development of X-ray telescopes for satellite applications. KW - X-rays KW - Telescopes KW - X-ray telescopes KW - Reflection KW - Mirrors KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665429 VL - 2023 IS - 12576 SP - 1257606-1 EP - 1257606-5 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kefer, Stefan A1 - Schmauss, Bernhard A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Sapphire-Based Planar Bragg Grating Devices T2 - 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors N2 - This study reports on the long-term stability and the high-temperature capability of sapphire-based photonic crystal waveguides with integrated Bragg gratings. Furthermore, their Bragg grating reflectivity as well as their temperature sensitivity is quantified. KW - Bragg-Reflektor KW - Wellenleiter Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-957171-30-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/OFS.2023.W2.4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kefer, Stefan A1 - Pape, Natalie A1 - Schmauss, Bernhard A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Fabrication of Lattice-Like Waveguides in Planar Cyclic Olefin Copolymers T2 - 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors N2 - This work demonstrates the femtosecond laser-based fabrication of lattice-like waveguides in planar cyclic olefin copolymers. An overview of the fabrication process is provided and waveguiding in the C-band is proven via optical near-field analysis. KW - Wellenleiter KW - Femtosekundenlaser Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-957171-30-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/OFS.2023.Th6.69 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Normann, Marc A1 - Haug, Jim A1 - Valencia, Yeimy A1 - Abke, Jörg A1 - Hagel, Georg ED - Mottock, Jürgen ED - Hagel, Georg T1 - Adaptive Learning Path Sequencing Based on Learning Styles within N-dimensional Spaces T2 - ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education N2 - Planning adaptive learning paths for students’ progress throughout a course can be a challenging task, although it can be helpful for their learning progress. Within the HASKI-System, students should be able to get their own, personalized learning paths. In this paper, we present an approach towards the learning path sequencing problem. This idea is based on a novel proposal for arranging learning objects in a multi-dimensional space, bringing the relationship and similarities of these objects into a new relationship. We show, that we can use both, the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and the Genetic Algorithm with the idea of the Traveling-Salesman-Problem and get results, that are comparable with a proposed literature-based adaption mechanism. Nevertheless, the learning paths are all personalized based on the Felder & Silverman Learning Style Model and the hyperspace model will allow us later on to include more dimensions for other influencing factors. KW - Learning Path Sequencing KW - Adaptive Learning Path KW - Ant Colony KW - Genetic Algorithm KW - Adaptive Learning Environment KW - Lernstil KW - Lernerfolg Y1 - 2023 UR - https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3593663.3593676 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3593663.3593676 VL - 2023 SP - 56 EP - 64 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akcatepe, Osman A1 - Möckel, Michael T1 - Hybrid Physics-Inspired Machine Learning Framework for Predictive Maintenance of Forklift Chains: Leveraging Sensor Data Characteristics N2 - Bridging the gap between physics-based modeling and data-driven machine learning promises to reduce the amount of training data required and to improve explainability in predictive maintenance applications. For a small fleet of industrial forklift trucks, we develop a physically inspired framework for predicting remaining useful life (RUL) for selected components by integrating physically motivated feature extraction, degradation modelling and machine learning. The discussed approach is promising for situations of limited data availability or large data heterogeneity, which often occurs in fleets of customized vehicles optimized for particular tasks. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Gabelstapler Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10375057/authors#authors U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCMA59762.2023.10375057 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pineda, Aruane M. A1 - Alves, Caroline L. A1 - Möckel, Michael A1 - de O Toutain, Thaise Graziele L A1 - Moura Porto, Joel Augusto A1 - Rodrigues, Francisco A. T1 - Analysis of quantile graphs in EGC data from elderly and young individuals using machine learning and deep learning JF - Journal of Complex Networks N2 - Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, encompasses a variety of heart conditions that can result in sudden death for many people. Examples include high blood pressure, ischaemia, irregular heartbeats and pericardial effusion. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is frequently used to diagnose heart diseases, providing crucial information on how the heart functions. To analyse ECG signals, quantile graphs (QGs) is a method that maps a time series into a network based on the time-series fluctuation proprieties. Here, we demonstrate that the QG methodology can differentiate younger and older patients. Furthermore, we construct networks from the QG method and use machine-learning algorithms to perform the automatic diagnosis, obtaining high accuracy. Indeed, we verify that this method can automatically detect changes in the ECG of elderly and young subjects, with the highest classification performance for the adjacency matrix with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve close to one. The findings reported here confirm the QG method’s utility in deciphering intricate, nonlinear signals like those produced by patient ECGs. Furthermore, we find a more significant, more connected and lower distribution of information networks associated with the networks from ECG data of the elderly compared with younger subjects. Finally, this methodology can be applied to other ECG data related to other diseases, such as ischaemia. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Elektrokardiogramm KW - Älterer Mensch KW - Heranwachsender Y1 - 2023 UR - https://academic.oup.com/comnet/article-abstract/11/5/cnad030/7260365?redirectedFrom=fulltext U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnad030 VL - 2023 IS - 11/5 SP - * EP - * ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jost, Thomas T1 - Zentralbankverluste und "ungerechte?" Bankengewinne infolge der Wertpapieraufkaufprogramme und der Verzinsung der Überschussreserven T2 - Weidener Diskussionspapiere N2 - Das Eurosystem und auch die Deutsche Bundesbank werden 2023 Verluste erzielen, die einige Jahre anhalten dürften. Aufgrund der massiven Käufe von Wertpapieren in den letzten 10 Jahren, vor allem Staatsanleihen, sind die Überschussreserven der Banken stark angestiegen. Die dadurch bedingten hohen Zinszahlungen an die Banken seit der geldpolitischen Kehrtwende, bei geringen Einnahmen für die hohen Wertpapierbestände, führten zu massiver Kritik. Die Banken würden dadurch „ungerechte“ Gewinne erzielen, während die Fiskalbehörden auf die früher üblichen Überweisungen der Zentralbankgewinne verzichten müssen. Populistische Forderungen nach einer Begrenzung der Bankengewinne durch z.B. eine pauschale, drastische Erhöhung der Mindestreservesätze im Eurosystem zur Reduzierung der Überschussreserven bergen neue Probleme und sind nicht hilfreich. Letztlich haben die Staaten sehr lange von historisch niedrigen Zinsen infolge der expansiven Geldpolitik des Eurosystems profitiert und müssen nun die Folgen der massiven Aufblähung der Zentralbankbilanzen während des Zeitraums der Normalisierung der Geldpolitik tragen. N2 - The Eurosystem and also Deutsche Bundesbank will make losses in 2023, which are likely to last for several years. Due to massive purchases of securities over the last 10 years, especially government bonds, banks' excess reserves have risen sharply. The resulting high interest payments to the banks since the change of the monetary policy course due to high inflation, combined with low income for the high securities holdings, led to massive criticism. The banks would thereby receive “unfair” subsidies, while fiscal authorities would lose transfers of central bank profits. Populist calls for a cap on bank profits through, e.g., a drastic increase in the minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem to reduce excess reserves do not appear to be helpful and pose new problems. Ultimately, states have benefited from historically low interest rates for a very long time as a result of the Eurosystem’s expansionary monetary policy. Now, they have to bear the consequences of the massive increase of central bank balance sheets during the period of normalization of monetary policy KW - Europäische Zentralbank KW - Europäisches Währungssystem KW - Geldpolitik KW - eurosystem, zentralbank, überschussreserven, geldpolitik Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.oth-aw.de/hochschule/mediathek/weitere-veroeffentlichungen/weidener-diskussionspapiere/ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dörringer, Antonia A1 - Klopp, Marco A1 - Schaab, Lukas A1 - Hochstetter, Marvin A1 - Glaab, Daniel A1 - Bartel, Paula A1 - Abke, Jörg A1 - Elsebach, Jens A1 - Rossmann, Raphael A1 - Hagel, Georg ED - Röpke, René ED - Schroeder, Ulrike T1 - AdLer: 3D-Lernumgebung für Studierende T2 - 21. Fachtagung Bildungstechnologien (DELFI) KW - Serious Games KW - 3D-Lernumgebung KW - Game-based Learning KW - Lernspiel KW - Dreidimensionale Computergrafik Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/delfi2023-41 VL - 2023 SP - 251 EP - 252 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hochstetter, Marvin A1 - Abke, Jörg T1 - AdLer - Adaptive digitale Lernräume: Autorentool und 3D-Lernumgebung N2 - Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung im Bildungssektor ist gerade für die Berufliche Weiterbildung von zentraler Bedeutung. Bereits seit längerer Zeit sind in diesem Kontext zeit- und ortsunabhängige Lehr-Lern-Formate sehr wichtig. Allerdings bietet digitales Lernen auch großes Potential hinsichtlich dem Thema Motivationsförderung. Serious Games stellen ein vielversprechendes Beispiel von Game-based Learning (GBL) dar, um die Lernmotivation zu adressieren. Hierbei geht es darum, Mechaniken (digitaler) Spiele zu verwenden, um einen Wissenserwerb zu ermöglichen, der zeitgleich motivierend gestaltet ist. Das AdLer-Projekt hat zum Ziel ein frei verfügbares Instrument zu entwickeln, mit welchem Lehrende virtuelle 3D-Lernumgebungen erstellen und in ihrer Lehre in unterschiedlichen Formen einsetzen können. Mit Hilfe eines Autorentools werden Lehrende bei der Konzeption und Erstellung von 3D-Lernumgebungen unterstützt. Dadurch können Lehrende auf schnellem und einfachem Weg eigene digitale 3D-Lernumgebungen erstellen sowie nach ihren individuellen Vorstellungen hinsichtlich der eigenen Lernszenarien konfigurieren. In der 3D-Lernumgebung können Lernende nach den Prinzipien des GBL erkundungsorientiert und interaktiv lernen. Dazu können Lernende mit einem virtuellen Avatar die AdLer-3D-Lernumgebung betreten und verschiedene Handlungsmöglichkeiten wahrnehmen. Sie können sich frei in dieser Lernumgebung bewegen und unterschiedliche Lernangebote (z.B. die Bearbeitung von Lernelementen, wie H5P, Text und Video) durchführen. Im geplanten Poster-Pitch wird eine aktuelle Version der Software AdLer präsentiert und steht für die Konferenzteilnehmer zum Ausprobieren bereit. N2 - Poster KW - 3D-Lernumgebung Autorentool Game-Based-Learning KW - Lernspiel KW - Dreidimensionale Computergrafik Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klopp, Marco A1 - Dörringer, Antonia A1 - Eigler, Tobias A1 - Bartel, Paula A1 - Hochstetter, Marvin A1 - Weishaupt, Andreas A1 - Geirhos, Philipp A1 - Abke, Jörg A1 - Hagel, Georg A1 - Elsebach, Jens A1 - Rossmann, Raphael ED - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - Development of an Authoring Tool for the Creation of Individual 3D Game-Based Learning Environments T2 - ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education N2 - Game-based learning in general and serious games in particular have a promising potential in higher education. In this article we going to show the capability of serious games with regard to current challenges in higher education. The focus of this article is the presentation of the AdLer authoring tool, which offers lecturers the possibility to design and generate virtual 3D learning environments in which students can interact with learning content according to the principles of game-based learning. KW - 3D Learning Environment KW - Authoring Tool KW - Game-based Learning KW - Serious Games KW - Lernspiel KW - Dreidimensionale Computergrafik Y1 - 2023 UR - https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/3593663 SN - 978-1-4503-9956-2 VL - 2023 IS - 5. SP - 204 EP - 209 PB - Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) CY - New York, NY, United States ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monici, Monica A1 - Thielemann, Christiane T1 - How do gravity alterations affect animal and human systems at a cellular/tissue level? JF - nature npj Microgravity N2 - The present white paper concerns the indications and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community to make progress in filling the gaps of knowledge that prevent us from answering the question: “How Do Gravity Alterations Affect Animal and Human Systems at a Cellular/Tissue Level?” This is one of the five major scientific issues of the ESA roadmap “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments”. Despite the many studies conducted so far on spaceflight adaptation mechanisms and related pathophysiological alterations observed in astronauts, we are not yet able to elaborate a synthetic integrated model of the many changes occurring at different system and functional levels. Consequently, it is difficult to develop credible models for predicting long-term consequences of human adaptation to the space environment, as well as to implement medical support plans for long-term missions and a strategy for preventing the possible health risks due to prolonged exposure to spaceflight beyond the low Earth orbit (LEO). The research activities suggested by the scientific community have the aim to overcome these problems by striving to connect biological and physiological aspects in a more holistic view of space adaptation effects. KW - Raumfahrt KW - Schwere KW - Raumfahrtbiologie Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00330-y N1 - Artikel hat 62 Autoren VL - 2023 IS - 9/84 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sapsai, Iryna A1 - Valencia, Yeimy A1 - Abke, Jörg T1 - Learning Analytics Dashboard for Educators: Proposed Project to Design with Pedagogical Background JF - ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education N2 - In this article, the authors describe a prototype of a Learning Analytics Dashboard (LAD) for educators. It is based on the analysis of pedagogical actions and taking into the process and learning style of students in an online environment based on learning analytics (LA). A description of the Dashboard structure, divided into levels and categories based on available learning analytics, will allow the educator to dive deeper into the online course themselves and explore more. It will also allow them to determine the level of student performance, identify gaps in learning materials, and research student data. The authors have identified further directions for the development of a LAD for a professor, including modeling algorithms for researching student behavior and learning style using Artificial Intelligence and presenting LA in a visualized form. This paper shows the stages of creating a professor's LAD prototype as a functional part of the adaptive learning system in the HASKI-System to analyze visual information obtained from LA and the possibilities to monitor the learning process, learning progress, student activity, and make decisions on careful intervention in the students’ learning process. KW - Lerntechnik KW - Computerunterstütztes Lernen Y1 - 2023 UR - https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3593663.3593686 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3593663.3593686 VL - 2023 IS - ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education SP - 38 EP - 47 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rötzel, Peter A1 - Jöris, Sabine T1 - Trends im Nachhaltigkeitscontrolling - Empirische Ergebnisse aus der Green Controlling Studie 2022 des ICV JF - Controlling N2 - Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Entwicklungen und Trends im Nachhaltigkeitscontrolling, insbesondere hinsichtlich der strategischen Bedeutung der fünf Stufen der Nachhaltigkeit, des Einflusses von Stakeholdergruppen, Zielsetzungen und Instrumenten anhand von drei Studien des Fachkreis Green Controlling for Responsible Business und gibt Implikationen für die Controlling- und Unternehmenspraxis. KW - Nachhaltigkeitscontrolling KW - Green Controlling KW - Controllerstudie KW - Sustainability KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Controlling Y1 - 2023 VL - 35 IS - 6 SP - 44 EP - 51 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raiyn, Jamal A1 - Weidl, Galia T1 - Naturalistic Driving Studies Data Analysis Based on a Convolutional Neural Network T2 - VEHITS 2023: 9th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems N2 - The new generation of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are being designed to act autonomously and collect travel data based on various smart devices and sensors. The goal is to enable AVs to operate under their own power. Naturalistic driving studies (NDSs) collect data continuously from real traffic activities, in order not to miss any safety-critical event. In NDSs of AVs, however, the data they collect is influenced by various sources that degrade their forecasting accuracy. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to process a large amount of traffic data in different formats. A CNN can detect anomalies in traffic data that negatively affect traffic efficiency and identify the source of data anomalies, which can help reduce traffic congestion and vehicular queuing. KW - Autonomes Fahrzeug KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368332673_Naturalistic_Driving_Studies_Data_Analysis_Based_on_a_Convolutional_Neural_Network#fullTextFileContent U6 - https://doi.org/10.5220/0011839600003479 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chaar, Mohamad Mofeed A1 - Weidl, Galia A1 - Raiyn, Jamal T1 - Analyse the effect of fog on the perception T2 - Conference: International Symposium on Transportation Data & Modelling (ISTDM 2023) KW - ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Autonomes Fahrzeug KW - Fahrerassistenzsystem KW - Nebel Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369484982_Analyse_the_effect_of_fog_on_the_perception#fullTextFileContent ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weidl, Galia A1 - Raiyn, Jamal A1 - Berres, Stefan T1 - Does a livable city profit from a shared CCAM Shuttle Bus on demand? T2 - International Symposium on Transportation Data & Modelling (ISTDM2023), June 2023 N2 - Livable cities measure quality-of-life factors such as transportation, convenience of daily life, education, and a safe and stable built and natural environment. Livability of a city includes also some social and psychological factors, like emotion and perception. How do we realize the advantages of new technology under mixed traffic conditions, while observing all daily requirements on safety, convenience and high education needs? KW - ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Stadtentwicklung KW - Stadtplanung KW - Digitalisierung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370492569_Does_a_livable_city_profit_from_a_shared_CCAM_Shuttle_Bus_on_demand#fullTextFileContent ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Valencia, Yeimy A1 - Normann, Marc A1 - Sapsai, Iryna A1 - Abke, Jörg A1 - Madsen, Anders L. A1 - Weidl, Galia T1 - Learning Style Classification by Using Bayesian Networks Based on the Index of Learning Style T2 - ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, June 2023 KW - Lernstil KW - Fragebogen Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3593663.3593685 SP - 73 EP - 82 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rötzel, Peter T1 - Nachhaltige Unternehmenssteuerung T2 - Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement kompakt N2 - Erste Schritte zur Implementierung eines Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements im Unternehmen Dieser kompakte Band geht auf zentrale Prinzipien und Konzepte ein, die Unternehmen helfen, ein Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement aufzubauen und weiterzuentwickeln. Darüber hinaus bietet er einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Ansätze und Instrumente des Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements, damit Unternehmen ihre Aktivitäten analysieren, bewerten und verbessern können, um ökologische und soziale Auswirkungen zu reduzieren und langfristige Wertschöpfung zu ermöglichen. Diese grundlegende Einführung richtet sich an die Führungskräfte in den Unternehmen, die sich mit Fragen des Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements beschäftigen. Zunächst werden die relevanten normativen und regulativen Anforderungen an das unternehmerische Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement vorgestellt, bevor konkret erste Schritte zur Implementierung eines Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements entwickelt werden. Die beiden letzten Kapitel stellen ein geeignetes Steuerungssystem sowie die Grundlagen der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation eines Unternehmens vor. KW - Unternehmensplanung KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Management KW - Nachhaltigkeitscontrolling KW - Unternehmenssteuerung KW - Management Control Systems KW - Sustainability Y1 - 2023 SP - 59 EP - 76 PB - Vahlen CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raiyn, Jamal A1 - Weidl, Galia T1 - Improving Autonomous Vehicle Reasoning with Non-Monotonic Logic: Advancing Safety and Performance in Complex Environments T2 - IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) KW - ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Autonomes Fahrzeug Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375128760_Improving_Autonomous_Vehicle_Reasoning_with_Non-Monotonic_Logic_Advancing_Safety_and_Performance_in_Complex_Environments U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC257844.2023.10293463 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Borgeest, Kai T1 - Elektronik in der Fahrzeugtechnik: Hardware, Software, Systeme und Projektmanagement N2 - Das Buch vermittelt die Grundlagen, um die Besonderheiten der Elektronik und Software im Kfz nicht nur zu kennen, sondern auch zu verstehen. Zusätzlich wird an Beispielen die Komplexität realer Systeme im Fahrzeug vorgeführt und gezeigt, welche Anwendungen durch die Elektronik erst möglich werden. Das Spannungsfeld zwischen Sicherheit, Zuverlässigkeit und Komplexität prägt in Verbindung mit branchenüblichen Abläufen das Vorgehen bei der Entwicklung, das ein in diesem Bereich tätiger Ingenieur verstehen muss. KW - Kraftfahrzeugelektronik KW - Kfz-Elektronik KW - Steuergerät KW - CAN-Bus Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3658414825 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41483-2 PB - ‎Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sauer, Timm A1 - Spielmann, Luca A1 - Gorks, Manuel A1 - Zindler, Klaus A1 - Jumar, Ulrich T1 - Model Predictive Control of Industrial Trucks with AI-based Plant Model Selection T2 - 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT) N2 - In this paper, a new control concept for automatic track guidance of forklifts within a heterogeneous logistics fleet is presented. The proposed control scheme is universally applicable and based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). The lateral control is realized using a Model Predictive Controller (MPC). In order to take into account the diversity of the industrial truck variants, a multi-model approach is used. Therefore, a plant model for each truck variant is integrated into the MPC. In a practical application, the most suitable model has to be selected. This decision is based on AI in the form of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). It is able to distinguish the different truck variants based on that part of the plant's state vector, which represents the vehicle dynamic characteristics. Thus, the appropriate model can be used, which significantly improves the control quality and guarantees an accurate track guidance of different forklifts. Due to the AI-based selection of the model, the computational effort can be kept low and real-time capability can be ensured. In order to classify the performance of the proposed control concept, its simulation results are compared to the closed-loop behavior, using a classical MPC. KW - automatic control KW - robust control KW - AI KW - ANN KW - Flurförderer KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10284427 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CoDIT58514.2023.10284427 VL - 2023 IS - Conference Proceedings SP - 263 EP - 268 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Schork, Sabrina A1 - Özdemir-Kaluk, Dilan A1 - Zerey, Cudi T1 - An integrative definition of digital, innovation, and sustainable: A bridge between disciplines N2 - It needs to be clarified how digital, innovation, and sustainable concepts are interdependent and what dimensions they encompass from an organizational perspective. This article aims to fill these gaps. 12,249 articles are analyzed, of which 776 are minimum C-ranked according to VHB-Jourqual, and 457 pass the quality filters. Only 48 publications deal with all three concepts, and 24 offer definitions. This results from an eight-step systematic literaturereview. Three dimensions for 'digital' (data, technologies, and networks), three dimensions for ‘sustainable’(environmental, social, and economic), and four dimensions for ‘innovation’(product, service, business model, and process) are elaborated in a framework. Based on this, an integrated definition is derivedusing a content analysis.The DIS-definition can be used for strategic decision-making processes and bridges the disciplines of technology, innovation, and sustainability management. Finally, a canvas that clarifies the concepts and their connections is proposed for interdisciplinary management discussions. KW - Digital, Innovation, Sustainability, Systematic Literature Review, Content KW - Digitalisierung KW - Innovation KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Konzeption Y1 - 2023 UR - https://zenodo.org/records/10143498 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10143498 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eder, PA A1 - Jouanne-Diedrich, Holger K. von A1 - Rashid, A A1 - Soda, H T1 - Der präklinische 4 Item Stroke Scale (4I SS) und die Thrombektomie N2 - Der4I-SS zeigt eine moderate bis hohe diagnostische Genauigkeit in Bezug auf EVTs von Patienten mit akuten Schlaganfä̈llen. Die Implementierung kann zur Verbesserung der Patientenversorgung und Ressourcenallokation beitragen. N2 - Poster KW - Schlaganfall KW - Telemedizin Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Link, Renate T1 - The Voice of Women in Higher Education: Current Perspectives of Students in Germany, Japan and Taiwan. A Contrastive Analysis of Western and Eastern Perceptions of Women Empowerment and Gender Roles Among Students T2 - Women's Empowerment for a Sustainable Future KW - Hochschulbildung KW - Frau Y1 - 2023 VL - 2023 SP - 243 EP - 269 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jost, Thomas T1 - Missbraucht nicht die Mindestreserve! N2 - Der Vorschlag einer drastischen Erhöhung des Mindestreservesatzes durch die EZB erhitzt die Gemüter. Nach teils heftiger Kritik hochrangiger Bankenvertreter in Deutschland werden die „üblichen“ Beschuldigungen vorgebracht und von Medien z.T. unreflektiert wiedergegeben bzw. kommentiert. Die Banken erhielten seit Herbst 2022 – so das gängige Muster - risikolose und ungerechte Subventionen und wüssten nichts Besseres mit ihren Einlagen bei der Bundesbank anzufangen. Diese Kritik greift zu kurz und ist teils sachlich falsch. KW - Mindestreservesatz KW - Mindestreservepolitik Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Pomahač, Vit A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Schilling, Klaus T1 - Space Telescopes based on Satellite Tandem Flights T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - Progress in satellite control engineering enables tandem flight arrangements of mini-satellites in future space missions. Cost effective CubeSat technologies offer an interesting possibility for space-born telescope payloads. Two small satellites will carry the telescope optics and the detector system, respectively. Related formation flight requirements could be transferred from the NetSat-Mission. KW - Astronomy KW - CubeSat KW - Satellite KW - Tandem Flight KW - Telescope KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Kleinsatellit Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/124/124_p29.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alves, Caroline L. A1 - Toutain, Thaise A1 - Porto, Joel A1 - Aguiar, Patricia A1 - de Sena, Eduardo Pondé A1 - Rodrigues, Francisco A. A1 - Pineda, Aruane M. A1 - Thielemann, Christiane T1 - Analysis of functional connectivity using machine learning and deep learning in different data modalities from individuals with schizophrenia JF - Journal of Neural Engineering N2 - Objective. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder associated with persistent or recurrent psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders that affect approximately 26 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. Several studies encompass machine learning (ML) and deep learning algorithms to automate the diagnosis of this mental disorder. Others study SCZ brain networks to get new insights into the dynamics of information processing in individuals suffering from the condition. In this paper, we offer a rigorous approach with ML and deep learning techniques for evaluating connectivity matrices and measures of complex networks to establish an automated diagnosis and comprehend the topology and dynamics of brain networks in SCZ individuals. Approach. For this purpose, we employed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) dataset. In addition, we combined EEG measures, i.e. Hjorth mobility and complexity, with complex network measurements to be analyzed in our model for the first time in the literature. Main results. When comparing the SCZ group to the control group, we found a high positive correlation between the left superior parietal lobe and the left motor cortex and a positive correlation between the left dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and the left primary motor. Regarding complex network measures, the diameter, which corresponds to the longest shortest path length in a network, may be regarded as a biomarker because it is the most crucial measure in different data modalities. Furthermore, the SCZ brain networks exhibit less segregation and a lower distribution of information. As a result, EEG measures outperformed complex networks in capturing the brain alterations associated with SCZ. Significance. Our model achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 100% and an accuracy of 98.5% for the fMRI, an AUC of 95%, and an accuracy of 95.4% for the EEG data set. These are excellent classification results. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of specific brain connections and network measures on these results, which helped us better describe changes in the diseased brain. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Schizophrenie KW - Deep Learning Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/acf734 VL - 2023 IS - 20/5 SP - 0 EP - 0 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfeifenberger, Hemma T1 - Intermittierende Auskultation – eine alte Technik neu erlernen N2 - Einschlägige Richtlinien empfehlen die intermittierende Auskultation als Überwachungsmethode erster Wahl bei Nicht-Risiko-Schwangeren. Hierfür müssen bestimmte Rahmenfaktoren gegeben sein sowie die Fachexpertise der betreuenden Hebamme. Diese lässt sich durch entsprechende Fortbildung erlangen. KW - Herzfrequenz KW - Messung KW - Fetus Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-2106-6061 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2106-6061 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Borgeest, Kai T1 - Manipulation von Abgaswerten N2 - Dieses kleine Buch stellt Hintergründe zum Abgasskandal dar, z. B. welche Schadstoffe kritisch sind, wie Motorsteuergeräte, Abgasrückführung und Abgasnachbehandlung funktionieren, wie Manipulationen auf dem Prüfstand möglich sind, mit welchen Fahrzyklen getestet wird und in welchem rechtlichen und politischen Umfeld dies lange Zeit unbemerkt mit unterschiedlichen Konsequenzen in der EU und den USA geschehen konnte. Es werden Maßnahmen vorgestellt, mit denen Fahrzeuge auch real gesetzliche Grenzwerte einhalten können und wie Manipulationen zukünftig rechtlich und politisch verhindert werden können. Dem Leser werden durch Literaturhinweise zusätzliche Details erschlossen. KW - Abgasemmission KW - Grenzwert KW - Kraftfahrzeugelektronik KW - Messung KW - Wirtschaftskriminalität KW - Abgas KW - Steuergerät KW - Verbrennungsmotor KW - Stickstoffoxide KW - Betrug Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-41304-0 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41305-7 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schork, Sabrina A1 - Schleiss, Johannes A1 - Mah, Dana-Kristin A1 - Böhme, Katrin A1 - Fischer, David A1 - Mesenhöller, Janne A1 - Paaßen, Benjamin A1 - Schrumpf, Johannes T1 - Künstliche Intelligenz in der Bildung: Drei Zukunftsszenarien und fünf Handlungsfelder N2 - Die voranschreitende Digitalisierung und insbesondere der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Bildung eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten des Lernens. Bildung kann stärker individuell sowie zeitlich und räumlich entgrenzt stattfinden. ChatGPT verdeutlicht, wie dynamisch die Entwicklungen im Bereich KI sind. Das in Zunahme begriffene Interesse am Thema KI allgemein sowie KI in der Bildung kommt dem erforderlichen Austausch zwischen zentralen Akteur:innen zugute. Dieses Diskussionspapier präsentiert drei Zukunftsszenarien für den Einsatz von KI in der institutionellen Bildung: Hochschule, Weiterbildung und Schule. Im Fokus stehen die übergeordneten Fragestellungen nach Voraussetzungen und Gelingensbedingungen einer erfolgreichen Anwendung sowie nach gemeinsamen Handlungsfeldern für zentrale Stakeholder. Fünf Handlungsfelder für den Einsatz von KI in institutioneller Bildung sind auf Grundlage der skizzierten Zukunftsszenarien hervorzuheben: (1) Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit, (2) Qualifizierungsangebote und Kompetenzentwicklung, (3) Digitale Infrastruktur und Personal, (4) Ethik und Datensouveränität sowie (5) Interoperabilität von Daten in Bildungskontexten. Ziel des vorliegenden Diskussionspapiers ist es, den kooperativen Austausch zwischen relevanten Stakeholdern anzuregen. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Bildungswesen KW - Digitalisierung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://zenodo.org/record/7702620 VL - Diskussionspapier / März 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Unsichtbares erkunden - Experimente im Museumslabor RöLab des Deutschen Röntgen-Museums N2 - Das RöLab versteht sich als ein überregionales, außerschulisches Bildungsangebot, das Begeisterung für Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, Medizin und Medizintechnik an unterschiedliche Zielgruppen vermittelt und damit einen Beitrag zur Allgemeinbildung und MINT-Förderung leistet. Das didaktische Konzept nimmt den „Hands-on-Science“ Gedanken stringent auf, weckt den Forschergeist und ermöglicht es den Lernenden, Unsichtbares zu erkunden. KW - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen KW - Museum KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - MINT KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum KW - Röntgenstrahlung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/124/124_p30.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2023 IS - 124 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO Proceedings ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Hommage auf einen bedeutenden Wissenschaftler - das Deutsche Röntgen-Museum T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - 2023 jährte sich der Todestag von Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen zum einhundertsten Mal. Im Jahr 1895 entdeckte er eine neue Art von Strahlung, die feste Materialien durchdringen kann. 1901 erhielt er für diese Entdeckung den ersten Nobelpreis für Physik. Das Deutsche Röntgen-Museum erforscht und dokumentiert das Leben und Werk von W. C. Röntgen und die Auswirkungen seiner Entdeckung. KW - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen KW - Museum KW - Wissenschaftsgeschichte KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum KW - Röntgenstrahlung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/124/124_p31.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2023 IS - 124 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pomahac, Vit A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - CubeSat tandem flight for asteroid surveillance T2 - SPIE Proceedings N2 - Conventional mining might not be sufficient to support the growth of humankind which is heavily dependent upon rare materials in technical applications. Asteroid mining might be an answer, with Near-Earth objects (NEOs) being the first targets. However, the first step in the asteroid mining cascade is to probe reachable asteroids. Moreover, to identify the best candidates for further activities hundreds to thousands of asteroids must be screened. The fast progressing development of CubeSats might allow the space community to do the initial in-situ screening in a minimalistical and economical manner. Additionally, formation flying might enable the miniaturization of optical payloads for asteroid composition analysis in CubeSats. The recent developments in formation flying are summarised in this study and the possibility of utilizing formation flying CubeSats for asteroid surveillance explored. KW - asteroid surveillence KW - asteroid mining KW - formation flight KW - tandem flight KW - CubeSat KW - Planetoid KW - Rohstoffgewinnung KW - Kleinsatellit Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/doi: 10.1117/12.2672396 VL - 2023 IS - 12576 SP - 125760H-1 EP - 125760H-5 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Busch, Uwe T1 - The Röntgen Medal: honouring X-ray excellence T2 - SPIE Proceedings N2 - Starting in 1951, the 50th anniversary of the award of the first Nobel Prize for physics to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, the Lord Mayor of the German City of Remscheid has given out Röntgen Medals. The Röntgen Medal annually honours scientists who "in the broadest sense have made a special contribution to the progress and dissemination of X-ray discoveries in the theoretical and applied sciences". The Röntgen Medal has become highly recognized in the scientific world. To date, more than one hundred excellent scientists have received the honour. Through their chronology, this contribution presents a "Who’s Who" of X-ray science and provides selected insights into their scientific work; with the fields of X-ray optics and X-ray astronomy receiving special focus. KW - Röntgen medal KW - X-ray optics KW - X-ray astronomy KW - science history KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Auszeichnung KW - Röntgenoptik KW - Röntgenastronomie Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/doi: 10.1117/12.2665424 VL - 2023 IS - 12576 SP - 1257608-1 EP - 1257608-8 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - A guided tour of the Deutsches Röntgen-Museum: displaying X-ray history T2 - SPIE Proceedings N2 - In 1895, Professor Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen detected a new type of radiation that was able to penetrate solid materials, which he called X-rays. In 1901 Röntgen received the first Nobel Prize in physics in honour of this ground breaking discovery. The Deutsches Röntgen-Museum (DRM) in Remscheid (Germany) is the institution that uniquely and comprehensively explores and documents the life and work of W. C. Röntgen and the impact of his discovery. The DRM’s location in Remscheid is not coincidental, with Röntgen’s birthplace only a short walk away from the exhibits. Every visit to the museum amounts to a unique expedition through the worlds of medicine, science and technology. The museum’s emphasis on the diversity of Röntgen’s invention by a multilingual, multi-medial approach enables all visitors to make their own personal discoveries. The Deutsches Röntgen-Museum in Remscheid is a must-see for X-ray scientists from anywhere in the world. This contribution provides an insight into the history of X-rays and offers a guided tour of the Deutsches Röntgen-Museum and its exhibits. KW - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen KW - X-ray KW - science history KW - education KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/doi: 10.1117/12.2665419 VL - 2023 IS - 12576 SP - 125760A-1 EP - 125760A-9 PB - SPIE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rötzel, Peter A1 - Roetzel, Lina T1 - Tis Early Practice only Makes the Master”: Nature and Nurture in Economic Thinking During School Time – A Research Note on Economics Education JF - Open Education Studies N2 - In this article, we contribute to the longstanding debate among economists regarding the question of “nature or nurture” with respect to economics students’ attitudes toward various allocation mechanisms for a scarce resource. While previous research starts the debate by beginning with first-year economics students, we aim to evaluate pre-firstyear individuals, i.e., school pupils. Drawing on the seminal works of Haucap, J., & Just, T. (2010). Not guilty? Another look at the nature and nurture of economics students. European Journal of Law and Economics, 29(2), 239–254 and Frey, B. S., Pommerehne,W.W., & Gygi, B. (1993). Economics indoctrination or selection? Some empirical results. The Journal of Economic Education, 24(3), 271–281, we investigate a sample of pupils ranging from the 5th to the 13th grades to determine whether pupils are “born economists” (nature), develop economic thinking (nurture), or both. We find that young individuals start to think differently in early grades and that their thinking and attitudes are shaped differently throughout their school careers, thereby providing support for the effects of both nature and nurture. Our findings show that school time impacts fairness judgments, particularly regarding price mechanisms. Regarding learning or indoctrination, we find that economics-inclined pupils are positively affected by lessons in economics in school, while pupils who are economics-averse draw completely diametric conclusions from economics lessons, thereby exhibiting increased disapproval of price allocation over the course of these classes and increased approval of the first come, first served and governmental action mechanisms.Moreover, we find strong effects of gender and migration background in this context. This study is the first to elucidate the development of economic thinking in 5th–13th grade pupils. Our results are important for economists, educators, and researchers because they can serve as a starting point for subsequent investigations in this under-researched field. KW - Education KW - Fairness KW - Wirtschaftliches Verhalten KW - Schüler KW - Wirtschaftsstudent Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2022-0188 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2022-0188 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weithmann, Sabrina A1 - Luedtke, Susann T1 - Evaluating the impact of deviating technical standards on business processes, trade and innovation JF - Journal of Standardisation N2 - Surrounding the increasingly intense discussions about the emergence of new global standardization regimes in context of China’s rise as a dominant standardization power, there has been much talk about countries purposefully using deviating national standards to impose trade barriers. The discussion of whether and to what degree technical standards deviate from international standards and how this affects business, trade, innovation and the standard system is of global relevance. As research about the impact of deviating technical standards is still strongly underrepresented in the academic community, this research analyses the different “degrees” of deviation and the respective impact of minor or negligible deviation and strong deviation on businesses trading in a global context. By using a mixed research method based on literature review, analysis of standard documents and semi-structured interviews, this study discusses peculiarities and challenges associated with deviating technical standards. This is of relevance with regards to international trade and especially trade with countries that became increasingly important players in the international standardization regime. Our research will therefore add further insights to a better understanding of the close linkage between economic growth and standardization. This paper further highlights how deviating technical standards impact companies around the globe and how these companies could use a newly developed risk indicator to not only engage in the standard game but also to better assess consequences. KW - Normung KW - standardization KW - deviation KW - technical standard KW - deviating technical standards KW - China KW - Normung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/jos/article/view/6898 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18757/jos.2023.6898 VL - 2023 IS - Vol. 2 SP - 1 EP - 28 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hudec, René A1 - Pomahac, Vit A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Klaus, Schilling T1 - Space Telescopes based on Satellite Tandem Flights T2 - DGaO Jahrstagung N2 - Due to the recent progress in satellite control engineering, tandem flight arrangements of mini-satellites are currently in discussion and under consideration for future space missions. CubeSat technologies offer an interesting possibility for space-born telescope payloads based on this approach. In such a scenario, two small satellites will fly at a constant distance of a few meters up to 100 meters. Thereby, the front satellite will carry the telescope optics and the second satellite the detector system. Related formation flight requirements were addressed in the NetSat-Mission, composed of four 3U-CubeSats, launched 2020. Space technology challenges concern in particular orbit control by an appropriate propulsion system as well as precision attitude pointing towards the joint target, and could be transferred from the NetSat-mission to the proposed Tandem Mission. This will allow space-based telescopes with a long focal length even placed on board of small or miniature CubeSat-type satellites. Cost effective Kirkpatrick-Baez type X-ray telescopes represent an important application here as they have longer focal lengths compared to previous astronomical observatories using Wolter I type X-ray mirrors. N2 - Poster KW - Satellite KW - CubeSat KW - Tandem Flight KW - Astronomy KW - Telescope KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Kleinsatellit Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/abstract/abstract_only.php?id=2951 VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 1 PB - DGaO ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Hommage auf einen bedeutenden Wissenschaftler - das Deutsche Röntgen-Museum T2 - DGaO Jahrestagung N2 - In diesem Jahr jährte sich der Todestag von Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, gestorben am 10. Februar 1923, zum hundertsten Mal. Dieser Beitrag ist eine Hommage auf diesen bedeutenden deutschen Wissenschaftler. 1895 entdeckte er eine neue Art von Strahlung, welche in der Lage ist, feste Materialien zu durchdringen. 1901 erhielt Professor Röntgen für diese bahnbrechende Entdeckung den ersten Nobelpreis für Physik. Das Deutsche Röntgen-Museum (DRM) erforscht und dokumentiert das Leben und Werk von W. C. Röntgen und die Auswirkungen seiner Entdeckung auf eine einzigartige und umfassende Weise. Der Standort des DRM in Remscheid ist kein Zufall, denn Röntgens Geburtshaus liegt nur wenige Gehminuten von den Exponaten entfernt. Die Betonung der Vielfalt von Röntgens Erfindung durch das Museum mit einer multimedialen Herangehensweise ermöglicht es den Besuchern, hier ihre ganz persönlichen Entdeckungen zu machen. Jeder Museumsbesuch wird so zu einer einzigartigen Entdeckungsreise durch die Welt der Medizin, Wissenschaft und Technik. Dieser Beitrag würdigt das Lebenswerk von Professor Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen und gibt einen Einblick in die Geschichte der Röntgenstrahlen und ihre Anwendungsgebiete. N2 - Poster KW - Röntgen KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - Museum KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Röntgenstrahlung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/abstract/abstract_only.php?id=2914 VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 1 PB - DGaO ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Unsichtbares erkunden - Experimente im Museumslabor des Deutschen Röntgen-Museums T2 - DGaO Jahrestagung N2 - „Freude habe ich nur, solange ich es mit dem Experimentieren zu tun habe“, schrieb Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen am 9.6.1920 an Margret Boveri. Das Deutsche Röntgen-Museum und das Remscheider Röntgengymnasium geben getreu diesem Motto Kindern und Jugendlichen die Möglichkeit, selbst aktiv zu werden, zu experimentieren und so auf den Spuren dieses bedeutenden Forschers zu wandeln. Hierzu wurde am 8. November 2011, einem Jahrestag der Entdeckung der Röntgenstrahlen, das Museumslabor RöLab gegründet. Dort werden Themenbrücken in das tägliche Leben geschlagen und so Lernprozesse im MINT-Bereich für die jungen Forschenden anregend, attraktiv und nachhaltig erlebbar. Das RöLab versteht sich als ein überregionales, außerschulisches Bildungsangebot, das Begeisterung für Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, Medizin und Medizintechnik an unterschiedliche Zielgruppen vermittelt und damit einen Beitrag zur Allgemeinbildung und MINT-Förderung leistet. Das didaktische Konzept nimmt den „Hands-on-Science“ Gedanken stringent auf, weckt den Forschergeist und ermöglicht es den Lernenden, Unsichtbares zu erkunden. Dieser Beitrag stellt das Museumslabor RöLab des Deutschen Röntgen-Museums vor. N2 - Poster KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - MINT KW - Museum KW - Röntgen KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Röntgenstrahlung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/abstract/abstract_only.php?id=2911 VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 1 PB - DGaO ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alves, Caroline L. A1 - Toutain, Thaise A1 - Aguiar, Patricia A1 - Pineda, Aruane M. A1 - Roster, Kirstin A1 - Thielemann, Christiane A1 - Porto, Joel A1 - Rodrigues, Francisco A. T1 - Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder based on functional brain networks and machine learning JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Autism is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition whose accurate diagnosis may be challenging because the associated symptoms and severity vary considerably. The wrong diagnosis can affect families and the educational system, raising the risk of depression, eating disorders, and self-harm. Recently, many works have proposed new methods for the diagnosis of autism based on machine learning and brain data. However, these works focus on only one pairwise statistical metric, ignoring the brain network organization. In this paper, we propose a method for the automatic diagnosis of autism based on functional brain imaging data recorded from 500 subjects, where 242 present autism spectrum disorder considering the regions of interest throughout Bootstrap Analysis of Stable Cluster map. Our method can distinguish the control group from autism spectrum disorder patients with high accuracy. Indeed the best performance provides an AUC near 1.0, which is higher than that found in the literature. We verify that the left ventral posterior cingulate cortex region is less connected to an area in the cerebellum of patients with this neurodevelopment disorder, which agrees with previous studies. The functional brain networks of autism spectrum disorder patients show more segregation, less distribution of information across the network, and less connectivity compared to the control cases. Our workflow provides medical interpretability and can be used on other fMRI and EEG data, including small data sets. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Gehirn KW - Neuronales Netz KW - Autismus Y1 - 2023 UR - https://rdcu.be/dcwIP U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34650-6 VL - 2023 IS - 13/8072 SP - 1 EP - 20 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rötzel, Peter A1 - Schulze, Mike ED - Gleich, Ronald T1 - Results from the Green Controlling-Study 2022 T2 - IGC-General Assembly KW - Nachhaltigkeitscontrolling KW - Green Controlling KW - Controllerstudie KW - Sustainability KW - Survey KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Controlling Y1 - 2023 VL - 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rötzel, Peter A1 - Bustorff, Naomi A1 - Kokott, Peter T1 - Analysis of the Impact of Recommendations from Intelligent Expert Systems on Personal Trust and Decision-Making Performance KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Trust KW - Intelligent Expert Systems KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Vertrauen Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thielemann, Christiane A1 - Krstić, Nenad A1 - Jüttner, Jens A1 - Giegerich, Lars A1 - Mayer, Margot A1 - Knuth, Monika A1 - Müller, Achim T1 - 3D printed biosensor for continuous glucose measurement in cell cultures JF - Annals of 3D Printed Medicine N2 - A novel 3D-printed glucose sensor is presented for cell culture application. Glucose sensing was performed using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay principle based on ConA and dextran. Both molecules are encapsulated in alginate microspheres and embedded in the UV-curable, stable hydrogel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The rheology of the formulation was adapted to obtain good properties for an extrusion-based printing process. The printed sensor structures were tested for their ability to detect glucose in vitro. A proportional increase in fluorescence intensity was observed in a concentration range of 0 - 2 g/L glucose. Tests with HEK cell cultures also showed good cell compatibility and excellent adhesion properties on plasma-treated Petri dishes. The printed sensors were able to detect the glucose decay associated with the metabolic activities of the fast-growing HEK cells in the cell culture medium over ten days. The proof-of-principle study shows that metabolic processes in cell cultures can be monitored with the new printed sensor using a standard fluorescence wide-field microscope. KW - Bioprinting, FRET, Enzyme-free glucose sensor, PVA hydrogel KW - Biosensor KW - 3D-Druck KW - Zellkultur Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2023.100111 VL - 2023 IS - - SP - - EP - - ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kefer, Stefan A1 - Pape, Natalie A1 - Gries, Nikola A1 - Roth, Gian-Luca A1 - Schmauss, Bernhard A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Towards Pressure Sensors Based on Polymer Planar Bragg Gratings T2 - Organic Photonic Materials and Devices XXV N2 - While Bragg grating-based optical devices have shown promising performances for pressure sensing applications, their sensitivity, especially in the low-pressure regime, is unsatisfying and needs to be optimized by elaborate designs, such as cantilevers or other extrinsic mechanical transducers. This contribution demonstrates and discusses a novel concept for optical pressure sensors based on polymer planar Bragg gratings. Waveguide and Bragg grating are fabricated underneath the surface of a temperature-stable and humidity-insensitive cyclic olefin copolymer substrate by means of a femtosecond laser. Based on the employed direct-writing procedure, in combination with adaptive, in-situ beam shaping with a spatial light modulator, writing depth, i.e., location of the photonic structures within the substrate, as well as Bragg grating periodicity and positioning can be deliberately chosen. Afterwards, the polymer substrate is post-processed with a high-precision micro mill, so a diaphragm comprising the integrated photonic structures is generated. The resulting diaphragm exhibits a thickness of 300 µm and a diameter of 10 mm. Finally, the optical sensor is packaged and sealed to form an air-filled gas pocket underneath the diaphragm. Deformations of the diaphragm by external pressure changes translate to strain variations along the waveguide axis and thus perturb the Bragg grating period. This leads to changes in the grating’s wavelength of main reflection, which can be evaluated in order to quantify the relative external pressure. With this straightforward optical sensor concept, pressure sensitivities up to 39 pm kPa-1, within relative pressures ranges from 78 kPa to 372 kPa, are achieved. KW - Bragg grating KW - pressure sensor KW - integrated photonics KW - cyclic olefin copolymers KW - femtosecond laser KW - Bragg-Reflektor KW - Drucksensor Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781510659414 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2648723 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kefer, Stefan A1 - Zettl, Julian A1 - Schmauss, Bernhard A1 - Esen, Cemal A1 - Hellmann, Ralf ED - Kling, Rainer ED - Pfleging, Wilhelm ED - Watanabe, Akira T1 - High-Precision Micromachining of Sapphire Towards Optical Waveguiding Structures using Femtosecond Lasers T2 - Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVII N2 - While sapphire is one of the most durable materials, its properties entail that high-precision machining, especially in the sub-millimeter regime, is still challenging. This contribution demonstrates and discusses novel femtosecond laser-based micromachining approaches for the fabrication of rotational-symmetric sapphire workpieces, specifically the generation of optical fibers by means of laser lathe of sapphire rods and the practical realization of windmill fibers. In addition, volume refractive index modification in planar sapphire substrates is presented to induce photonic crystal waveguides. The micromachined structures are comprehensively examined with respect to geometric fidelity, surface roughness, refractive index modification, and potential optical waveguiding properties. All micromachining approaches are done by means of frequency-doubled or frequency-tripled femtosecond laser radiation. Different laser optical setups including laser scanning head, spatial beam profilers including a spatial light modulator and axial rotatory movement of the specimen are employed for micro structuring and in-depth refractive index modifications. In particular for laser lathe, a sophisticated scanning pattern, in combination with an incremental axial rotatory movement of the specimen, allows for the precise diameter reduction of sapphire rods with 250 µm diameter to fibers with outer diameters of 25 µm. By supporting the workpiece with a V-groove fixture, multi-mode fibers with lengths up to 20 cm can be processed with an average surface roughness of 250 nm. Additionally, an adapted ablation scanning sequence enables the first practical demonstration of sapphire windmill fibers. Furthermore, using a spatial light modulator allows for the adaption of the laser propagation properties as to enable volume refractive index modifications with free-form arrangement. Hexagonal patterns of refractive index modifications surrounding a pristine waveguide core are fabricated and single-mode waveguiding at 1550 nm is verified. Finally, the possibility of integrating Bragg gratings into this photonic waveguide type is demonstrated KW - sapphire KW - femtosecond laser KW - micromachining KW - laser lathe KW - rod-to-fiber KW - Femtosekundenlaser KW - Saphir Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781510659230 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2648758 SP - 3 EP - 11 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Maximilian A1 - Pedell, Burkhard A1 - Rötzel, Peter T1 - Resilience-Oriented Management Control Systems as a Translation Mechanism of Resilience Strategy into Managerial Action—A Systematic Review T2 - 45th Annual Congress of the European Accounting Association KW - Management KW - Kontrollsystem KW - Resilienz Y1 - 2023 VL - 2023 IS - 45 SP - 1 EP - 43 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kokott, Peter A1 - Weber, Maximilian A1 - Rötzel, Peter T1 - Managerial Attention in Times of Crisis - A Decisive Factor for Organizational Resilience T2 - 45th Annual Congress of the European Accounting Association KW - Führungskraft KW - Krise Y1 - 2023 VL - 2023 IS - 45 ER -