TY - CHAP A1 - Rivolta, Giacomo A1 - Bruni, Ricardo A1 - Civitani, Marta Maria A1 - Cotroneo, Vincenzo A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Gibertini, Eugenio A1 - Magagnin, Luca A1 - Pareschi, Giovanni A1 - Romaine, Suzanne A1 - Sethares, Leandra A1 - Sironi, Giorgia A1 - Tagliaferri, Gianpiero A1 - Valsecchi, Giuseppe T1 - Development in carbon-based coatings for X-ray astronomy T2 - IWXM 2022, 7th International Workshop on Metrology for X-ray Optics, Mirror Design and Fabrication, Berlin, 5th - 8th April 2022 KW - x-ray astronomy KW - carbon-based coatings KW - x-ray telescopes KW - Röntgenastronomie KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Cotroneo, Vincenzo A1 - Bruni, Ricardo A1 - Civitani, Marta Maria A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Gibertini, Eugenio A1 - Magagnin, Luca A1 - Pareschi, Giovanni A1 - Rivolta, Giacomo A1 - Romaine, Suzanne A1 - Sethares, Leandra A1 - Sironi, Giorgia A1 - Tagliaferri, Gianpiero A1 - Valsecchi, Giuseppe T1 - Dopamine dip-liquid overcoatings for soft X-ray reflectivity enhancement T2 - Proceedings of SPIE N2 - It has been known for some time that sputtered low-density coatings deposited under vacuum (e.g. carbon or B4C), applied on top of high-density metallic coatings, can enhance the reflectivity in the soft x-ray band (below ~5 keV). In the last years, we experimented with novel carbonated coatings obtained by dip-liquid deposition, in which a thin film is formed on the surface of a mirror by immersion in a suitable precursor solution. After several attempts with different chemical compounds, we found an optimal candidate both for the reflectivity performance and for the convenience of the deposition process, which is much simpler and inexpensive compared to conventional processes. In particular, such coatings can enhance the soft x-ray response at the reflection angles employed in future telescopes, like ATHENA (ESA), Lynx (NASA) and eXTP (CAS). In this paper we consider the application of dip-liquid overcoatings on conventional coatings (Au, Ir) or in combination with recently proposed chromium overcoatings and their possible uses to enhance the reflectivity of x-ray mirrors at low, medium or higher energies, presenting the first experimental results of x-ray tests on these coatings. KW - astronomical telescopes KW - soft x-ray KW - reflectivity enhancement KW - dopamine overcoatings KW - Röntgenspiegel KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/12181/2630212/Dopamine-dip-liquid-overcoatings-for-soft-x-ray-reflectivity-enhancement/10.1117/12.2630212.short U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630212 VL - 2022 IS - 12181 SP - 1218117 EP - 1218117 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stieglitz, Veronika A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Sapsai, Iryna A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Burwitz, Vadim T1 - Characterization of a lobster-eye type X-ray telescope T2 - EPJ Web of Conferences N2 - Lobster-eye type X-ray telescopes use reflecting plano mirrors under grazing incidence and can observe a large field of view. As part of a Bavarian-Czech cooperation, two telescopes were build, equipped with mirrors coated with gold and iridium. Their X-ray characterization was carried out at the PANTER test facility, which simulates parallel starlight incident on the telescopes. The telescopes have an angular resolution of about 4 arc minutes in X-rays and a focal length of about 2 meters. The used X-ray mirrors reflect and focus visible light as well; their functionality in the optical regime was checked in laboratory tests. Now another test campaign will be carried out to examine the telescope resolution for real objects of the visible night sky and the imaging properties for star constellations. KW - X-ray telescopes KW - Lobster-eye KW - Grazing incidence KW - Large field of view KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Röntgenspiegel Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226613010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226613010 VL - 266 (2022) SP - 1 EP - 2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stieglitz, Veronika A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Jelinek, Martin A1 - Hudec, Rene T1 - Testing of lobster-eye type telescopes with X-rays and visible light T2 - SPIE Proceedings N2 - Reflective coatings for astronomical X-ray optics were developed at the “Aschaffenburg Competence Center for Astronomical and Space Instrumentation” (ACCASI) since several years. As part of a Bavarian-Czech cooperation between the Technical University of Aschaffenburg and the Czech Technical University of Prague, now two mechanically identical telescopes were built. One telescope optic was equipped with conventional gold-coated mirrors, manufactured by the Czech project partners. The 34 X-ray mirrors of the second telescope use an innovative coating system made of chromium and iridium, which was applied at the Aschaffenburg coating laboratory. Both telescopes are designed according to the bionic principle of a reflecting lobster eye. The optics works with two consecutive reflections on mutually perpendicular mirror surfaces. This enables a large field of view with many square degrees in diameter, which, however, comes at the price of a reduced angular resolution. An extensive X-ray characterization of these telescopes was carried out at the PANTER test facility of MPE, which simulates parallel starlight incident on the telescopes. The telescopes have an angular resolution of about 4 arc minutes in X-rays and a focal length of about 2 meters. Furthermore, the used X-ray mirrors reflect and focus visible light as well and this functionality in the optical regime was checked in laboratory tests. Now another test campaign was done to examine the telescope resolution for real objects of the visible sky and the imaging properties for star constellations. Such functional tests by observing astronomical objects of the visible sky may simplify and accelerate the development of X-ray telescopes for satellite applications. KW - X-rays KW - Telescopes KW - X-ray telescopes KW - Reflection KW - Mirrors KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665429 VL - 2023 IS - 12576 SP - 1257606-1 EP - 1257606-5 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Pomahač, Vit A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Schilling, Klaus T1 - Space Telescopes based on Satellite Tandem Flights T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - Progress in satellite control engineering enables tandem flight arrangements of mini-satellites in future space missions. Cost effective CubeSat technologies offer an interesting possibility for space-born telescope payloads. Two small satellites will carry the telescope optics and the detector system, respectively. Related formation flight requirements could be transferred from the NetSat-Mission. KW - Astronomy KW - CubeSat KW - Satellite KW - Tandem Flight KW - Telescope KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Kleinsatellit Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/124/124_p29.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stieglitz, Veronika A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Sapsai, Iryna A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Burwitz, Vadim T1 - Characterization of a lobster-eye type X-ray telescope T2 - EOSAM-Conference N2 - Lobster-eye type X-ray telescopes use reflecting plano mirrors under grazing incidence and can observe a large field of view. As part of a Bavarian-Czech cooperation, two telescopes were build, equipped with mirrors coated with gold and iridium. Their X-ray characterization was carried out at the PANTER test facility, which simulates parallel starlight incident on the telescopes. The telescopes have an angular resolution of about 4 arc minutes in X-rays and a focal length of about 2 meters. The used X-ray mirrors reflect and focus visible light as well; their functionality in the optical regime was checked in laboratory tests. Now another test campaign will be carried out to examine the telescope resolution for real objects of the visible night sky and the imaging properties for star constellations. KW - Lobster-Eye KW - X-ray KW - telescope KW - iridium KW - mirror KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Iridium KW - Röntgenspiegel Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.europeanoptics.org/events/eos/eosam2022.html VL - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Gille, Florian A1 - Guimbelot, Elzear A1 - Tichy, Vladimir A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Effective areas of astronomical X-ray optics for cubesats and rocket experiments T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - The effective area is one of the main telescope parameters when justifying real space application. We discuss the estimation of the effective collecting area of an X-ray telescope by two different methods, an analytical method and a simulation algorithm, and then compare the results. The Lobster Eye type telescopes considered here are designed for rocket experiments and CubeSat flights. KW - X-ray KW - telescope KW - satellite KW - effective area KW - Lobster Eye KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/123/123_p12.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2022 IS - 123 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Zeising, Sebastian A1 - Stieglitz, Veronika A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Rukdee, Surangkhana A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Jelinek, Martin A1 - Hudec, Rene T1 - Röntgenteleskop-Funktionstests durch Beobachtung astronomischer Objekte am sichtbaren Nachthimmel T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - Lobster-Eye-Röntgenteleskope nutzen reflektierende Planspiegel unter streifendem Einfall und zeichnen sich durch ein großes Beobachtungsfeld aus. Die Spiegel reflektieren auch sichtbare Strahlung hervorragend. Nach Röntgen-messungen im Labor wurden nun weitere Tests durchgeführt, um die Abbildungs-eigenschaften mit realen Objekten des sichtbaren Himmels zu untersuchen. KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - Teleskop KW - Lobster-Eye KW - Iridium KW - Astronomie KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Spiegelteleskop Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/123/123_a35.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stadtmüller, Johannes A1 - Stollenwerk, Manfred A1 - Cotroneo, Vincenzo A1 - Pareschi, Giovanni A1 - Gibertini, Eugenio A1 - Magagnin, Luca T1 - Low-density coatings for enhanced X-ray reflectivity of astronomical telescope mirrors T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - High reflectivity grazing incidence mirrors of astronomical X-ray telescopes are usually coated with thin layers of iridium, gold, or platinum. Due to a series of absorption edges, these noble metals have low reflectivity in the 2 - 4 keV band. We present the development of innovative material combinations using chromium and an additional layer of polydopamine for enhanced reflectivity X-ray coatings. KW - Dopamin KW - Iridium KW - mirror KW - coating KW - X-ray KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/122/122_p3.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2021 IS - 122 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stieglitz, Veronika A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Hartner, Gisela A1 - Müller, Thomas A1 - Schmidt, Thomas A1 - Rukdee, Surangkhana A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Sahin, Fatih A1 - Hudec, Rene T1 - Charakterisierung von Weitwinkel-Röntgenteleskopen in der Testanlage PANTER T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - Im Rahmen einer bayerisch-tschechischen Kooperation entstanden zwei Röntgenteleskope, bestückt mit Gold- und Iridium-beschichteten Planspiegeln. Deren Charakterisierung erfolgte an der Röntgentestanlage PANTER, welche parallel auf die Teleskope einfallendes Sternenlicht simuliert. Die Teleskope haben eine Winkelauflösung von ca. 4 Bogenminuten und eine Brennweite von rund 2 Metern. KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - Teleskop KW - Iridium KW - Beschichtung KW - Astronomie KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Iridium KW - Spiegelteleskop Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/122/122_p2.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2021 IS - 122 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Cotroneo, Vincenzo A1 - Bruni, Ricardo A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Ferreira, Desiree A1 - Gibertini, Eugenio A1 - Henriksen, Peter A1 - Magagnin, Luca A1 - Massahi, Sonny A1 - Pareschi, Giovanni A1 - Romaine, Suzanne A1 - Sethares, Leandra A1 - Sironi, Giorgia A1 - Spiga, Daniele A1 - Tagliaferri, Gianpiero A1 - Valsecchi, Giuseppe T1 - Development of low-density coatings for soft x-ray reflectivity enhancement for ATHENA and other missions T2 - Proceedings of SPIE N2 - Metallic coatings made of precious metals (e.g. Ir, Pt or Au) with high atomic number Z have been traditionally employed at grazing incidence for X-rays reflection and focalization. These materials offer a range of reflection extended to higher energies, but also present a series of absorption edges, which limit the reflectivity in the 2-4 keV band and below. Therefore the search for alternative coatings, able to improve the reflection in the soft energy range, is particularly relevant for the development of future telescopes, like ATHENA (ESA), Lynx (NASA) and eXTP (CAS). Low-Z overcoatings (e.g. carbon or B4C), applied on top of the high-Z metallic layer, can enhance the reflectivity in the softer band (mainly below 2 keV), but conventional deposition methods for these materials are not easily compatible with some of the mainstream technologies for mirror fabrication (notably, the silicon pore optics that will be used for the ATHENA X-ray mission which is being implemented by ESA). In this work we discuss novel solutions (carbon-like overcoatings realized by dip coating or vapor phase deposition), which can be particularly convenient for the application to ATHENA and to future telescopes. KW - X-ray KW - optics KW - ATHENA KW - iridium KW - reflectivity KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2599803 VL - 2021 IS - 11852 SP - 118524P-1 EP - 118524P-13 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stehlikova, Veronika A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stollenwerk, Manfred A1 - Stadtmüller, Johannes A1 - Marsikova, Veronika A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Flachs, Dennis A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Hartner, Gisela A1 - Rukdee, Surangkhana A1 - Müller, Thomas A1 - Schmidt, Thomas A1 - Inneman, Adolf A1 - Klementova, Mariana A1 - Zeising, Sebastian A1 - Langmeier, Andreas T1 - Lobster eye type X-ray telescope with chromium-iridium coated tri-layer mirrors T2 - Proceedings of SPIE N2 - For space-born astronomical X-ray telescopes, iridium-based reflective layer systems are known as highly effective mirrors coatings. During the recent years, Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences and the Czech Technical University in Prague jointly developed stress compensated chromium-iridium coatings for this application. To overcome the disturbing reflectivity reduction of the iridium absorption edge around 2 keV photon energy, thin overcoat layers of chromium were applied in addition. Now a prototype of a wide-field, imaging X-ray telescope of Lobster Eye type is assembled at the company RIGAKU. For this purpose a small series of 34 mirrors based on 100 x 50 mm semiconductor grade silicon substrates has been coated at Aschaffenburg University. The applied tri-layer system consists of a stack of 40 nm chromium, which act as adhesive layer and compensates layer stress, a 30 nm iridium thick reflective layer, and an additional overcoat layer of 6 nm chromium. This layer system have been analysed by AFM and TEM images. The mirrors are assembled into an aluminium frame to build a 2D Lobster Eye type telescope. The designed focal length of this wide field X-ray telescope is two meter. To study the performance of the tri-layer coating system, a twin LE telescope with convenient gold coatings was manufactured also. Performance measurements of both telescopes and under same conditions are planned at the PANTER test facility at the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics. First experimental results, their comparison with theoretical simulations and the comparison between both models will be presented in this contribution. KW - telescope KW - Lobster Eye KW - X-ray KW - mirror KW - iridium KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Röntgenspiegel Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2589266 VL - 2021 IS - 11776 SP - 1177605-1 EP - 1177605-8 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stollenwerk, Manfred A1 - Stadtmüller, Johannes A1 - Zeising, Sebastian A1 - Flachs, Dennis A1 - Stehlikova, Veronika A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Krumrey, Michael K. A1 - Cotroneo, Vincenzo A1 - Klementova, Mariana T1 - Characterisation of X-ray mirrors based on chromium-iridium tri-layer coatings T2 - Proceedings of SPIE N2 - Iridium-based layer systems are highly effective mirror coatings for space-born X-ray telescopes. During the recent years, Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences and its partners developed stress compensated chromium-iridium coatings for such astronomical applications, using chromium as an adhesive layer between iridium reflective layer and mirror substrate. However, there was room for improvement: To overcome the disturbing reflectivity reduction of the iridium absorption edge around 2 keV photon energy, thin overcoat layers of chromium are applied in addition now. This layer system has been analyzed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images. Furthermore, the reflectivity of such innovative X-ray mirrors based on chromium-iridium tri-layer coatings was recently measured at PTB's four-crystal monochromator beamline at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II. The experimental results, obtained for photon energies between 1.9 keV and 11 keV at two grazing incidence angles (0.6 degree and 0.9 degree) and their comparison with corresponding simulations are presented in this contribution. When compared to simulations of pure iridium coatings, a significantly higher reflectivity was achieved especially in the soft X-ray regime between 2 keV and 4 keV. Such chromium-iridium tri-layer coatings have high potential to increase the effective area for X-ray telescopes in Lobster Eye Design, for Wolter-I type X-ray optics, and for silicon pore optics as considered for the ATHENA telescope of the European Space Agency. KW - iridium KW - mirror KW - X-ray KW - coating KW - telescope KW - Röntgenspiegel KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Iridium Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2592551 VL - 2021 IS - 11776 SP - 1177607-1 EP - 11776076 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pareschi, Giovanni A1 - Civitani, Marta Maria A1 - Sironi, Giorgia A1 - Yang, Yang A1 - Cotroneo, Vincenzo A1 - Valsecchi, Giuseppe A1 - Magagnin, Luca A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Bradshaw, Miranda A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Pelliciari, Carlo T1 - Reflectivity-enhancement at low x-ray energies in astronomical telescopes using low-density overcoatings: alternative materials and deposition methods T2 - Proceedings of SPIE N2 - Low density overcoatings (mainly based on materials containing Carbon) onto usual high-density coatings (based i.e. on materials like e.g. like Ir, Au or Pt) have been proposed since many years ago in order to enhance the X- ray reflectivity at low energy (between 0.5 and 4 keV) of X-ray astronomical optics. The trick is to make use of the total reflection from the thin low-density material (which does not suffer much the photoelectric absorption) at low X-ray energies; the reflection of photons at higher energies (< 4 keV) occurs thanks to the much denser material under the overcoating. For several future projects, like e.g. ATHENA, LYNX and eXTP, it is foreseen the use of low-density overcoatings that will importantly increase the effective area at low X-ray energies. In this paper we will introduce the use of overcoatings based on materials different from the usual ones considered so far like C, B4C and SiC. In particular, we will discuss about a novel approach based on the use of thin layer of a Carbon-like materials deposited using a dip coating method. A possible combination with an intermediate thin layer of Chromium deposited e.g. via sputtering onto the usual high density material (Ir, Au or Pt) before the application of the Carbon-like material is also considered in the study, because it can further greatly enhance the soft X-ray effective area of future X-ray telescopes. KW - coating KW - X-ray KW - telescope KW - iridium KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2532392 VL - 2019 IS - 11119 SP - 11119OS-1 EP - 11119OS-13 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stehlikova, Veronika A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Schäfer, Tobias A1 - Stollenwerk, Manfred A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Hartner, Gisela A1 - Bradshaw, Miranda A1 - Liao, Yingyu A1 - Pelliciari, Carlo T1 - X-ray reflectivity measurements at chromium-iridium tri-layer coatings T2 - Proceedings of SPIE N2 - Studying astronomical objects in the X-ray regime, iridium-based layer systems are highly effective reflective materials for telescopes mirrors. Aschaffenburg University and the Czech Technical University in Prague jointly developed stress compensated chromium-iridium coatings. To overcome the disturbing reflectivity reduction of the iridium absorption edge around 2 keV photon energy and improve general reflectivity at lower incident energies, thin overcoat layers of chromium have been applied in addition. Corresponding measurements at several X-ray lines have been performed on these samples at the PANTER test facility of the Max-Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics. A part of the experimental results and their comparison with theoretical simulations are presented in this contribution. KW - iridium KW - mirror KW - coating KW - reflectivity KW - X-ray KW - Röntgenastronomie KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2530439 VL - 2019 IS - 11119 SP - 111191L-1 EP - 111191L-6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmann, Jürgen A1 - Egle, Wilhelm J. A1 - Hafner, Wolfgang A1 - Derst, Gerhard A1 - Matthes, Axel A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Fabrication of a demonstration mandrel for ESA's XEUS mirror development program T2 - Proceedings of SPIE KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2000 VL - 4012 SP - 559 EP - 566 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Jedamzik, Ralf A1 - Thomas, Armin T1 - Zerodur mandrels for the next generation of x-ray telescopes T2 - Proceedings of SPIE KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2003 VL - 4851 SP - 647 EP - 655 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stehlikova, Veronika A1 - Probst, Anne-Catherine A1 - Nentvich, Ondrej A1 - Urban, Martin A1 - Inneman, Adolf A1 - Sieger, Ladislav A1 - Marsikova, Veronika A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Development of iridium coated silicon X-ray mirrors for Lobster Eye astronomical telescopes T2 - Proceedings of EOSMOS 2017 N2 - In the field of X-ray astronomy different types of telescope optics based on grazing incidence mirrors can be used. This contribution presents a special design of a Lobster Eye wide-field telescope with mirrors based on flat silicon wafers and the task of coating such mirror substrates with reflective iridium layers. KW - X-ray KW - mirror KW - telescope KW - Lobster Eye KW - iridium KW - Iridium KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2017 VL - 2017 IS - EOSMOS 2017 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - European Optical Society ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stehlikova, Veronika A1 - Proserpio, Laura A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Madarasz, Emanuel A1 - Breunig, Elias A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Probst, Anne-Catherine T1 - Indirect glass slumping of grazing incidence mirror segments for lightweight x-ray telescopes T2 - Proceedings of the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) N2 - The paper provides a description of recent progress in the development of lightweight, precision and highthroughput grazing-incidence mirrors for X-ray astronomy made of glass. In particular, the indirect slumping technology under investigation at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) is reviewed and recent activities are presented together with the research approach. The glass slumping technique foresees several steps: a thermal forming process using a suitable mould; a re ective layer application; the alignment and integration of mirror segments into a supporting structure; and the � nal veri� cation of prototype modules using X-rays. Each step is considered at MPE, with the involvement of partner institutes and universities. The last year of activities was mainly dedicated to the procurement of new moulds and to the application of Iridium coating. The main results will be presented. KW - X-ray KW - iridium KW - telescope KW - slumping KW - glass KW - Iridium KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272671 VL - 2017 IS - 10399 SP - 103991Z-1 EP - 103991Z-7 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Probst, Anne-Catherine A1 - Emmerich, Florian A1 - Stollenwerk, Manfred A1 - Stehlikova, Veronika A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Damm, Christine T1 - Development of iridium coated X-ray mirrors for astronomical applications T2 - Proceedings of the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) N2 - Future space-based X-ray observatories need to be very lightweight for launcher mass constraints. Therefore they will use a reduced mirror thickness, which results in the additional requirement of low coating stress to avoid deformation of the initial precisely shaped mirror substrates. Due to their excellent reflection properties iridium coatings are sometimes applied for grazing incidence mirrors in astronomical X-ray telescopes. At Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences the coating of thin iridium films by an RF-magnetron sputtering technique is under development. The work is embedded in collaborations with the Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany, the Czech Technical University in Prague, the Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera in Italy, the German Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research in Dresden, and the French Institute Fresnel. Sputtering with different parameters leads to iridium films with different properties. The current work is focused on the microstructure of the iridium coatings to study the influence of the substrate and of the argon gas pressure on the thin film growing process. Correlations between coating density, surface micro-roughness, the crystalline structure of the iridium layers, and the expected reflectivity of the X-ray mirror as well as coating stress effects are presented and discussed. The final goal of the project is to integrate the produced prototype mirrors into an X-ray telescope module. On a longer timescale measurements of the mirror modules optical performance are planned at the X-ray test facility PANTER. KW - X-ray KW - telescope KW - mirror KW - iridium KW - coating KW - Iridium KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2273988 VL - 2017 IS - 10399 SP - 103991C-1 EP - 103991C-8 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stollenwerk, Manfred A1 - Proserpio, Laura A1 - Breunig, Elias A1 - Friedrich, Peter T1 - The challenging development of lightweight glass mirrors for future X-ray telescopes T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - Previously used mirror technologies are not able to fulfill the challenging requirements of future X-ray telescopes. A promising new technology under development is the hot slumping of thin glasses. Challenges, design trades and first results are presented, including the thermal shaping process, the development of low stress coatings and the mirror segments integration concept. KW - astronomy KW - telescope KW - mirror KW - X-ray KW - glass KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Röntgenspiegel Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?nbn:de:0287-2016-B018-0 SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2016 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für angewandte Optik CY - Erlangen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Proserpio, Laura A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Breunig, Elias A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Winter, Anita T1 - Industrialization scenario for X-ray telescopes production based on glass slumping T2 - Proceedings of SPIE 9144, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, 914448 KW - Glasses KW - X-ray telescopes KW - Telescopes KW - Galactic astronomy KW - Spatial resolution KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055129 IS - 9144 ER -