TY - JOUR A1 - Alves, Caroline A1 - Ciba, Manuel A1 - de O Toutain, Thaise GL A1 - Moura Porto, Joel Augusto A1 - de Sena, Eduardo Pondé A1 - Thielemann, Christiane A1 - Rodrigues, Francisco A T1 - On the advances in machine learning and complex network measures to an EEG dataset from DMT experiments JF - Journal of Physics: Complexity N2 - There is a growing interest in the medical use of psychedelic substances, as preliminary studies using them for psychiatric disorders have shown positive results. In particular, one of these substances is N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an agonist serotonergic psychedelic that can induce profound alterations in the state of consciousness. In this work, we use an exploratory tool to reveal DMT-induced changes in brain activity using EEG data and provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of this psychedelic substance. We used a two-class classification based on (A) the connectivity matrix or (B) complex network measures derived from it as input to a support vector machine. We found that both approaches could detect changes in the brain's automatic activity, with case (B) showing the highest AUC (89%), indicating that complex network measurements best capture the brain changes that occur due to DMT use. In the second step, we ranked the features that contributed the most to this result. For case (A), we found that differences in the high alpha, low beta, and delta frequency bands were most important in distinguishing between the state before and after DMT inhalation, which is consistent with the results described in the literature. Further, the connection between the temporal (TP8) and central cortex (C3) and between the precentral gyrus (FC5) and the lateral occipital cortex (P8) contributed most to the classification result. The connection between regions TP8 and C3 has been found in the literature associated with finger movements that might have occurred during DMT consumption. However, the connection between cortical areas FC5 and P8 has not been found in the literature and is presumably related to the volunteers' emotional, visual, sensory, perceptual, and mystical experiences during DMT consumption. For case (B), closeness centrality was the most crucial complex network measure. Furthermore, we discovered larger communities and longer average path lengths when DMT was used and the converse when not, showing that the balance between functional segregation and integration had been disrupted. These findings support the idea that cortical brain activity becomes more entropic under psychedelics. Overall, a robust computational workflow has been developed here with interpretability of how DMT (or other psychedelics) modify brain networks and insights into their mechanism of action. Finally, the same methodology applied here may help interpret EEG time series from patients who consumed other psychedelic drugs. KW - Neuronales Netz KW - Halluzinogen Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072X/ad1c68 VL - 2024 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stier, Simon P. A1 - Xu, Xukuan A1 - Gold, Lukas A1 - Möckel, Michael T1 - Ontology-Based Battery Production Dataspace and Its Interweaving with Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Data Analytics JF - Energy Technology N2 - Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, encompasses a variety of heart conditions that can result in sudden death for many people. Examples include high blood pressure, ischaemia, irregular heartbeats and pericardial effusion. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is frequently used to diagnose heart diseases, providing crucial information on how the heart functions. To analyse ECG signals, quantile graphs (QGs) is a method that maps a time series into a network based on the time-series fluctuation proprieties. Here, we demonstrate that the QG methodology can differentiate younger and older patients. Furthermore, we construct networks from the QG method and use machine-learning algorithms to perform the automatic diagnosis, obtaining high accuracy. Indeed, we verify that this method can automatically detect changes in the ECG of elderly and young subjects, with the highest classification performance for the adjacency matrix with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve close to one. The findings reported here confirm the QG method’s utility in deciphering intricate, nonlinear signals like those produced by patient ECGs. Furthermore, we find a more significant, more connected and lower distribution of information networks associated with the networks from ECG data of the elderly compared with younger subjects. Finally, this methodology can be applied to other ECG data related to other diseases, such as ischaemia. KW - Batterie KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2024 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202301305 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202301305 VL - 2024 IS - 2301305 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trent, Davis A1 - Thielemann, Christiane A1 - Monici, Monica T1 - How are cell and tissue structure and function influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms? JF - npj Microgravity N2 - Progress in mechanobiology allowed us to better understand the important role of mechanical forces in the regulation of biological processes. Space research in the field of life sciences clearly showed that gravity plays a crucial role in biological processes. The space environment offers the unique opportunity to carry out experiments without gravity, helping us not only to understand the effects of gravitational alterations on biological systems but also the mechanisms underlying mechanoperception and cell/tissue response to mechanical and gravitational stresses. Despite the progress made so far, for future space exploration programs it is necessary to increase our knowledge on the mechanotransduction processes as well as on the molecular mechanisms underlying microgravity-induced cell and tissue alterations. This white paper reports the suggestions and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community for the elaboration of the section of the European Space Agency roadmap “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments” focusing on “How are cells and tissues influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms?” The knowledge gaps that prevent the Science Community from fully answering this question and the activities proposed to fill them are discussed. KW - Zellkultur KW - Schwere KW - Raumfahrtbiologie Y1 - 0024 UR - https://rdcu.be/dyCjL U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-024-00357-9 VL - 2014 IS - 10 / 16 SP - 1 EP - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kefer, Stefan A1 - Limbach, Tobias A1 - Pape, Natalie A1 - Klamt, Kathrin A1 - Schmauss, Bernhard A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Birefringence in Injection-Molded Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Substrates and Its Impact on Integrated Photonic Structures JF - Polymers N2 - This contribution quantifies the birefringence within injection-molded cyclic olefin copolymer plates and discusses its impact on the mechanical properties of the plates. It also focuses on the impact of birefringence on integrated waveguides and Bragg gratings and provides fabrication guidelines for such structures. The anisotropy in all three dimensions of the workpiece is examined by means of polarimetry and a prism coupler. It is found that the birefringence is inhomogenously distributed within the workpieces, whereas the maximum birefringence not only varies locally, but also depends on the observation direction. Overall, a maximum birefringence of 10 × 10−4 is found at the plate’s surface near the injection gate. The anisotropy then reduces exponentially towards the center of the workpiece and saturates at 1.8 × 10−4, in a depth of 0.4 mm. Thus, the birefringence strongly affects near-surface photonic structures. It is found that, depending on their orientation and the local birefringence of the substrate, waveguides and Bragg gratings fabricated with comparable parameters behave completely differently in terms of polarization-dependent optical attenuation, cross-sectional intensity distribution and Bragg reflection signal. For example, the support of the TM mode can vary between total loss and an optical attenuation of 0.9 dB × cm−1. In consequence, this study underlines the importance of quantifying the birefringent state of an injection-molded cyclic olefin copolymer workpiece if it is supposed to serve as a substrate for integrated photonic structures. The study furthermore demonstrates that birefringence effects can be omitted by burying the photonic structures deeper into the volume of the thermoplastic. KW - cyclic olefin copolymer KW - birefringence KW - integrated photonics KW - Bragg grating KW - injection molding KW - Bragg-Reflektor KW - Wellenleiter KW - Doppelbrechung Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/2/168 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16020168 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 168 EP - 168 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dobrovolskij, Dascha A1 - Stark, Hans-Georg T1 - Synthetic demand data generation for individual electricity consumers: Inpainting JF - Energy and AI N2 - In this contribution we deal with the problem of producing “reasonable” data, when considering recorded energy consumption data, which are at certain sections incomplete and/or erroneous. This task is important, when energy providers employ prediction models for expected energy consumption, which are based on past recorded consumption data, which then of course should be reliable and valid. In a related contribution Yilmaz (2022), GAN-based methods for producing such “artificial data” have been investigated. In this contribution, we describe an alternative and complementary method based on signal inpainting, which has been successfully applied to audio processing Lieb and Stark (2018). After giving a short overview of the theory of proximity-based convex optimization, we describe and adapt an iterative inpainting scheme to our problem. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated by analyzing real-world-data provided by a German energy supplier. KW - Energieverbrauch KW - Energieversorgungsunternehmen Y1 - 2024 VL - 15 IS - Januar 2024 SP - 100312 EP - 100320 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raiyn, Jamal A1 - Weidl, Galia T1 - Predicting Autonomous Driving Behavior through Human Factor Considerations in Safety-Critical Events JF - Smart Cities N2 - This paper investigates the ability of autonomous driving systems to predict outcomes by considering human factors like gender, age, and driving experience, particularly in the context of safety-critical events. The primary objective is to equip autonomous vehicles with the capacity to make plausible deductions, handle conflicting data, and adjust their responses in real-time during safety-critical situations. A foundational dataset, which encompasses various driving scenarios such as lane changes, merging, and navigating complex intersections, is employed to enable vehicles to exhibit appropriate behavior and make sound decisions in critical safety events. The deep learning model incorporates personalized cognitive agents for each driver, considering their distinct preferences, characteristics, and requirements. This personalized approach aims to enhance the safety and efficiency of autonomous driving, contributing to the ongoing development of intelligent transportation systems. The efforts made contribute to advancements in safety, efficiency, and overall performance within autonomous driving systems. To describe the causal relationship between external factors like weather conditions and human factors, and safety-critical driver behaviors, various data mining techniques can be applied. One commonly used method is regression analysis. Additionally, correlation analysis is employed to reveal relationships between different factors, helping to identify the strength and direction of their impact on safety-critical driver behavior. Keywords: car following; decision making; driving behavior; naturalistic driving studies; safety-critical events; cognitive vehicles 1. Introduction Despite the increasing prevalence of vehicle automation, the persistently high number of car crashes remains a concern. Safety-critical events in human-driven scenarios have become more intricate and partially uncontrollable due to unforeseen circumstances. Investigating human driving behavior is imperative to establish traffic baselines for mixed traffic, encompassing traditional, automated, and autonomous vehicles (AVs). Various factors, such as weather conditions affecting visibility in longitudinal car-following (CF) behavior [1,2], influence human driving behavior [3]. Car-following behavior, illustrating how a following vehicle responds to the lead vehicle in the same lane, is a crucial aspect. Existing car-following models often make assumptions about homogeneous drivers, neglecting significant heterogeneity in driving experience, gender, character, emotions, and sociological, psychological, and physiological traits. Failing to account for this heterogeneity hampers a comprehensive understanding of car-following behavior, limiting model accuracy and applicability. In the development of more realistic car-following models for mixed traffic, acknowledging the diversity among drivers is crucial. By including individual variations such as risk-taking tendencies, reaction times, decision-making processes, and driving styles, the modeling of real-world driving complexities can be improved. Simplifying drivers into a few categories overlooks the richness and variety of their characteristics, prompting the need for a more comprehensive approach to capture nuances within different driver profiles. To address these Smart Cities KW - Autonomes Fahrzeug KW - Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/7/1/18 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ smartcities7010018 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 460 EP - 474 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rötzel, Peter A1 - Fehrenbacher, Dennis T1 - Information Overload in Decision Support Systems T2 - International Symposium on Accounting Information Systems KW - Information Overload KW - Information Systems KW - Controlling KW - Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem KW - Information KW - Überlastung Y1 - 0024 VL - 2024 CY - Paphos ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flachs, Dennis A1 - Zhukov, Sergey A1 - Zech, Isabella A1 - Schreck, Timo A1 - Belle, Stefan A1 - von Seggern, Heiinz A1 - Kupnik, Mario A1 - Altmann, Alexander Anton A1 - Thielemann, Christiane T1 - Enzymatic Self-Degradable PLA-Based Electrets JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment N2 - In recent years, the demand for sustainable and degradable materials and electronic devices has increased significantly. Among a range of biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a good alternative to conventional petrol-based polymers because of its attractive mechanical properties and its easy processability. Recently, PLA has also been described as a promising dielectric material with piezoelectric and electret properties. We expect that PLA—after further optimization— will play an important role as a material for environmentally friendly sensors in the future, where first applications such as air filters and pressure sensors have already been proposed. However, degradation under normal ambient conditions is very slow, and an accelerated and controllable degradation process is highly desirable for any type of PLA-based sensors. Enzymatic hydrolysis with embedded enzymes has been proposed as an approach to accelerate and control degradation. In this work, we investigate the properties of PLA in terms of dielectric and mechanical properties with a focus on its ability to store charges after the enzyme proteinase K (Trit. album) has been incorporated. Results reveal that proteinase K has a positive effect on the charge stability of solvent-cast PLA electrets after complete evaporation of the solvent. Furthermore, we observed a concentration-dependent acceleration of mass loss in a Tris-HCl buffer. A fast degradation within only one day occurred at a concentration of 6 wt% proteinase K. KW - Biologisch abbaubarer Kunststoff Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/Journal of https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03240-6 VL - 2024 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sauer, Jonas A1 - Hoppe, Florian A1 - Bruhm, Hartmut T1 - Modellierung des Antriebsstrangs einer Textilmaschine zum Zweck der modellbasierten Steuerung T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2024, 20. Konferenz N2 - Zur Produktion von gewirkten Textilien werden mehrere Nadeln auf eine Legebarre gesetzt, die durch Servoantriebe positioniert werden. Aufgrund der erzwungenen Bewegung kann der Antriebsstrang bei hohen Drehzahlen zur Schwingung angeregt werden. Die richtige Wahl der Steuerkurven ist daher eine sehr wichtige und anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, die durch ein Antriebsstrangmodell unterstützt werden soll. Dafür wird am Beispiel eines Teststands ein Modell des Antriebsstranges in MATLAB/Simulink® entwickelt. Für das Antriebsstrangmodell müssen eine geeignete Modellordnung und Modellparameter gewählt werden. Die unbekannten Modellparameter werden durch eine Parameteridentifikation ermittelt. Mit einer Validierung wird ein geeignetes Anregungsspektrum für die Bestimmung der Modellordnung und die Parameteridentifikation ermittelt. KW - Textilmaschine KW - Triebstrang KW - MATLAB KW - SIMULINK KW - Modellierung KW - Grey-Box-Modell KW - Parameteridentifikation KW - MATLAB/ Simulink® KW - Inverses Modell KW - Input Shaping Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33968/2024.33 VL - 2024 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Smeets, Mario A1 - Rötzel, Peter T1 - The Moderating Role of Non-Monetary Gamification in Reducing Algorithm Aversion in the Adoption of AI-based Decision Support Systems T2 - ECIS - European Conference on Information Systems N2 - Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into decision-making processes is key to improving organizational performance. However, trust in AI-based decision support systems (DSSs), similar to other information systems, is important for successful integration. A disruptive phenomenon, “algorithm aversion”, can impede AI trust and, thus, acceptance. Although AI recommendations outperform human recommendations in different decision-making fields, individuals underweight recommendations from AI-based DSSs compared to human decision-makers due to a lack of AI trust. We conducted a lab experiment to investigate the role of AI recommendations in workplace-related tasks, first focusing on the mediating effect of AI trust and the negative impact of algorithm aversion on decision-making performance and the moderating effect of technical competence. Second, we analyzed the ability of gamification to reduce this phenomenon. We provide evidence regarding how to enhance decision-making performance when AI recommendations are deployed and identify countermeasures against algorithm aversion to facilitate the adoption of AI-based DSSs. KW - Decision Support Systems KW - Algorithm Aversion KW - Gamification KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Gamification Y1 - 2024 VL - 2024 IS - 1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jost, Thomas A1 - Mink, Reimund T1 - Central bank losses and commercial bank profits - unexpected and unfair? T2 - IMFS Working Paper Series No. 199 N2 - The Eurosystem and the Deutsche Bundesbank will incur substantial losses in 2023 that are likely to persist for several years. Due to the massive purchases of securities in the last 10 years, especially of government bonds, the banks' excess reserves have risen sharply. The resulting high interest payments to the banks since the turnaround in monetary poli-cy, with little income for the large-scale securities holdings, led to massive criticism. The banks were said to be making "unfair" profits as a result, while the fiscal authorities had to forego the previously customary transfers of central bank profits. Populist demands to limit bank profits by, for example, drastically increasing the minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem to reduce excess reserves are creating new severe problems and are neither justified nor helpful. Ultimately, the EU member states have benefited for a very long time from historically low interest rates because of the Eurosystem's extraordinary loose monetary policy and must now bear the flip side consequences of the massive expansion of central bank balance sheets during the necessary period of monetary policy normalisa-tion. KW - Notenbank KW - Geldpolitik KW - Geschäftsbank KW - Deutsche Bundesbank KW - Central bank losses, monetary policy, ecb, minimum reserve Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.econbiz.de/Record/central-bank-losses-and-commercial-bank-profits-unexpected-and-unfair-jost-thomas/10014476309 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jost, Thomas A1 - Mink, Reimund T1 - How to deal with the negative effects of inflated central bank balance sheets? N2 - Due to the massive purchases of securities in the last 15 years central banks incur substantial losses likely to persist for several years. On the other hand, the banking sector gains large profits from interest payments on their excess reserves holdings. Central banks and fiscal authorities must now bear the flip side consequences of their bond purchase programs. Populist demands to limit bank profits by drastically increasing minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem are creating new severe problems. Instead, a consistent and faster normalisation of central bank balance sheets would be desirable. Central banks should also no longer be central players in government bond markets to restore the lost boundaries between fiscal and monetary policy. KW - Europäische Zentralbank KW - Geldpolitik KW - Notenbank KW - ecb, minimum reserve, monetary policy Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.suerf.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/SUERF-Policy-Brief-860_Jost-Mink.pdf SP - 1 EP - 4 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Hofmann, Georg Rainer A1 - Scheidler, Percy T1 - Chief Qualification Officer (CQO) und Weiterbildungsmentoren N2 - Alte Weisheiten wie „Schuster bleib bei deinem Leisten!“ oder auch „Was das Hänschen nicht lernt, das lernt der Hans nimmermehr“ haben in der heutigen, sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt ihren Sinn verloren. Das bedeutet, dass sich die komplette Belegschaft lebenslang weiterbilden muss, idealerweise mit Unterstützung des Arbeitgebers. In der Veröffentlichung "Chief Qualification Officers (CQOs) und Weiterbildungsmentoren - Thesen und Argumente" wird unter anderem das paradoxe Verhältnis von Arbeitslosigkeit und Fachkräftemangel erläutert, das Marktversagen im Weiterbildungsmarkt beschrieben und die Forderung nach einem Weiterbildungsbeauftragten (CQO) begründet. KW - Weiterbildungsmentoren KW - Weiterbildung KW - Erwachsenenbildung KW - Lebenslanges Lernen Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.mainproject.eu/shop SN - 978-3-9826305-0-2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. A1 - Monici, Monica A1 - Thielemann, Christiane T1 - How to obtain an integrated picture of the molecular networks involved in adaptation to microgravity in different biological systems? JF - npj Microgravity N2 - Periodically, the European Space Agency (ESA) updates scientific roadmaps in consultation with the scientific community. The ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper (SSCWP) 9, “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments”, focusses in 5 main topic areas, aiming to address key community-identified knowledge gaps in Space Biology. Here we present one of the identified topic areas, which is also an unanswered question of life science research in Space: “How to Obtain an Integrated Picture of the Molecular Networks Involved in Adaptation to Microgravity in Different Biological Systems?” The manuscript reports the main gaps of knowledge which have been identified by the community in the above topic area as well as the approach the community indicates to address the gaps not yet bridged. Moreover, the relevance that these research activities might have for the space exploration programs and also for application in industrial and technological fields on Earth is briefly discussed. KW - Weltraumforschung KW - Biowissenschaften Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00395-3 VL - 2024 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sallum, Loriz Francisco A1 - Alves, Caroline A1 - Thielemann, Christiane A1 - Rodrigues, Francisco A. T1 - Revealing patterns in major depressive disorder with machine learning and networks JF - medrxiv N2 - Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. There is an urgent need for an automated and objective method to detect MDD due to the limitations of traditional diagnostic approaches. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on machine and deep learning to classify patients with MDD and identify altered functional connectivity patterns from EEG data. We compare several connectivity metrics and machine learning algorithms. Complex network measures are used to identify structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Using Spearman correlation for network construction and the SVM classifier, we verify that it is possible to identify MDD patients with high accuracy, exceeding literature results. The SHAP (SHAPley Additive Explanations) summary plot highlights the importance of C4-F8 connections and also reveals dysfunction in certain brain areas and hyperconnectivity in others. Despite the lower performance of the complex network measures for the classification problem, assortativity was found to be a promising biomarker. Our findings suggest that understanding and diagnosing MDD may be aided by the use of machine learning methods and complex networks. KW - Depression KW - Elektroencephalographie KW - Maschinelles Lernen Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.07.24308619 VL - 2024 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauer, Timm A1 - Gorks, Manuel A1 - Spielmann, Luca A1 - Zindler, Klaus A1 - Jumar, Ulrich T1 - Adaptive self-learning controllers with disturbance compensation for automatic track guidance of industrial trucks JF - SICE Journal of Control, Measurement and System Integration N2 - This paper presents an extended control concept for automatic track guidance of industrial trucks in intralogistic systems. It is based on Reinforcement Learning (RL), a method of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The presented approach is able to adapt itself to different industrial truck variants and to the associated specific vehicle parameters. In order to avoid starting the whole training of the controller for each truck variant from scratch, the training process is divided into two steps. In the first step, the controller is trained on a simplified linear model using parameters of a nominal vehicle variant. Based on this, the control parameters are only fine-tuned in the second step using a more complex nonlinear model, representing the real industrial truck. In this way, the controller is adapted to the actual truck variant and the corresponding parameter values. By using the nonlinear model, it can be ensured that the forklift’s dynamic is approximated within the entire operating range, even at high steering angles. Moreover, the influence of the disturbance variable of the system (path curvature) is compensated by considering this a priori knowledge within the control design. Therefore, the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) of the RL controller and the observation vector are suitably adjusted. In this way, the occurring path curvatures can be considered in both training steps and the control parameters can be optimized accordingly. Thus, the influence of the disturbance variable can be compensated, which significantly improves the control quality. In order to demonstrate this, the new approach is compared to an RL control concept, which is not considering the disturbance variable and to a classical two-degrees-of-freedom (2DoF) control approach. KW - Flurförderer KW - Spurführung KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/18824889.2023.2183009 VL - 2023 IS - Vol. 16, No. 1 SP - 84 EP - 97 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Maximilian A1 - Pedell, Burkhard A1 - Rötzel, Peter T1 - Resilience-Oriented Management Control Systems as a Translation Mechanism of Resilience Strategy into Managerial Action—A Systematic Review T2 - 45th Annual Congress of the European Accounting Association KW - Management KW - Kontrollsystem KW - Resilienz Y1 - 2023 VL - 2023 IS - 45 SP - 1 EP - 43 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alves, Caroline A1 - Toutain, Thaise A1 - Aguiar, Patricia A1 - Pineda, Aruane M. A1 - Roster, Kirstin A1 - Thielemann, Christiane A1 - Porto, Joel A1 - Rodrigues, Francisco A. T1 - Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder based on functional brain networks and machine learning JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Autism is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition whose accurate diagnosis may be challenging because the associated symptoms and severity vary considerably. The wrong diagnosis can affect families and the educational system, raising the risk of depression, eating disorders, and self-harm. Recently, many works have proposed new methods for the diagnosis of autism based on machine learning and brain data. However, these works focus on only one pairwise statistical metric, ignoring the brain network organization. In this paper, we propose a method for the automatic diagnosis of autism based on functional brain imaging data recorded from 500 subjects, where 242 present autism spectrum disorder considering the regions of interest throughout Bootstrap Analysis of Stable Cluster map. Our method can distinguish the control group from autism spectrum disorder patients with high accuracy. Indeed the best performance provides an AUC near 1.0, which is higher than that found in the literature. We verify that the left ventral posterior cingulate cortex region is less connected to an area in the cerebellum of patients with this neurodevelopment disorder, which agrees with previous studies. The functional brain networks of autism spectrum disorder patients show more segregation, less distribution of information across the network, and less connectivity compared to the control cases. Our workflow provides medical interpretability and can be used on other fMRI and EEG data, including small data sets. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Gehirn KW - Neuronales Netz KW - Autismus Y1 - 2023 UR - https://rdcu.be/dcwIP U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34650-6 VL - 2023 IS - 13/8072 SP - 1 EP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thielemann, Christiane A1 - Krstić, Nenad A1 - Jüttner, Jens A1 - Giegerich, Lars A1 - Mayer, Margot A1 - Knuth, Monika A1 - Müller, Achim T1 - 3D printed biosensor for continuous glucose measurement in cell cultures JF - Annals of 3D Printed Medicine N2 - A novel 3D-printed glucose sensor is presented for cell culture application. Glucose sensing was performed using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay principle based on ConA and dextran. Both molecules are encapsulated in alginate microspheres and embedded in the UV-curable, stable hydrogel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The rheology of the formulation was adapted to obtain good properties for an extrusion-based printing process. The printed sensor structures were tested for their ability to detect glucose in vitro. A proportional increase in fluorescence intensity was observed in a concentration range of 0 - 2 g/L glucose. Tests with HEK cell cultures also showed good cell compatibility and excellent adhesion properties on plasma-treated Petri dishes. The printed sensors were able to detect the glucose decay associated with the metabolic activities of the fast-growing HEK cells in the cell culture medium over ten days. The proof-of-principle study shows that metabolic processes in cell cultures can be monitored with the new printed sensor using a standard fluorescence wide-field microscope. KW - Bioprinting, FRET, Enzyme-free glucose sensor, PVA hydrogel KW - Biosensor KW - 3D-Druck KW - Zellkultur Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2023.100111 VL - 2023 IS - - SP - - EP - - ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rötzel, Peter A1 - Bustorff, Naomi A1 - Kokott, Peter T1 - Analysis of the Impact of Recommendations from Intelligent Expert Systems on Personal Trust and Decision-Making Performance KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Trust KW - Intelligent Expert Systems KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Vertrauen Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rötzel, Peter A1 - Roetzel, Lina T1 - “Tis Early Practice only Makes the Master”: Nature and Nurture in Economic Thinking During School Time – A Research Note on Economics Education JF - Open Education Studies N2 - In this article, we contribute to the longstanding debate among economists regarding the question of “nature or nurture” with respect to economics students’ attitudes toward various allocation mechanisms for a scarce resource. While previous research starts the debate by beginning with first-year economics students, we aim to evaluate pre-firstyear individuals, i.e., school pupils. Drawing on the seminal works of Haucap, J., & Just, T. (2010). Not guilty? Another look at the nature and nurture of economics students. European Journal of Law and Economics, 29(2), 239–254 and Frey, B. S., Pommerehne,W.W., & Gygi, B. (1993). Economics indoctrination or selection? Some empirical results. The Journal of Economic Education, 24(3), 271–281, we investigate a sample of pupils ranging from the 5th to the 13th grades to determine whether pupils are “born economists” (nature), develop economic thinking (nurture), or both. We find that young individuals start to think differently in early grades and that their thinking and attitudes are shaped differently throughout their school careers, thereby providing support for the effects of both nature and nurture. Our findings show that school time impacts fairness judgments, particularly regarding price mechanisms. Regarding learning or indoctrination, we find that economics-inclined pupils are positively affected by lessons in economics in school, while pupils who are economics-averse draw completely diametric conclusions from economics lessons, thereby exhibiting increased disapproval of price allocation over the course of these classes and increased approval of the first come, first served and governmental action mechanisms.Moreover, we find strong effects of gender and migration background in this context. This study is the first to elucidate the development of economic thinking in 5th–13th grade pupils. Our results are important for economists, educators, and researchers because they can serve as a starting point for subsequent investigations in this under-researched field. KW - Education KW - Fairness KW - Wirtschaftliches Verhalten KW - Schüler KW - Wirtschaftsstudent Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2022-0188 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2022-0188 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 14 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - A guided tour of the Deutsches Röntgen-Museum: displaying X-ray history T2 - SPIE Proceedings N2 - In 1895, Professor Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen detected a new type of radiation that was able to penetrate solid materials, which he called X-rays. In 1901 Röntgen received the first Nobel Prize in physics in honour of this ground breaking discovery. The Deutsches Röntgen-Museum (DRM) in Remscheid (Germany) is the institution that uniquely and comprehensively explores and documents the life and work of W. C. Röntgen and the impact of his discovery. The DRM’s location in Remscheid is not coincidental, with Röntgen’s birthplace only a short walk away from the exhibits. Every visit to the museum amounts to a unique expedition through the worlds of medicine, science and technology. The museum’s emphasis on the diversity of Röntgen’s invention by a multilingual, multi-medial approach enables all visitors to make their own personal discoveries. The Deutsches Röntgen-Museum in Remscheid is a must-see for X-ray scientists from anywhere in the world. This contribution provides an insight into the history of X-rays and offers a guided tour of the Deutsches Röntgen-Museum and its exhibits. KW - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen KW - X-ray KW - science history KW - education KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/doi: 10.1117/12.2665419 VL - 2023 IS - 12576 SP - 125760A-1 EP - 125760A-9 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Busch, Uwe T1 - The Röntgen Medal: honouring X-ray excellence T2 - SPIE Proceedings N2 - Starting in 1951, the 50th anniversary of the award of the first Nobel Prize for physics to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, the Lord Mayor of the German City of Remscheid has given out Röntgen Medals. The Röntgen Medal annually honours scientists who "in the broadest sense have made a special contribution to the progress and dissemination of X-ray discoveries in the theoretical and applied sciences". The Röntgen Medal has become highly recognized in the scientific world. To date, more than one hundred excellent scientists have received the honour. Through their chronology, this contribution presents a "Who’s Who" of X-ray science and provides selected insights into their scientific work; with the fields of X-ray optics and X-ray astronomy receiving special focus. KW - Röntgen medal KW - X-ray optics KW - X-ray astronomy KW - science history KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Auszeichnung KW - Röntgenoptik KW - Röntgenastronomie Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/doi: 10.1117/12.2665424 VL - 2023 IS - 12576 SP - 1257608-1 EP - 1257608-8 PB - SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pomahac, Vit A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - CubeSat tandem flight for asteroid surveillance T2 - SPIE Proceedings N2 - Conventional mining might not be sufficient to support the growth of humankind which is heavily dependent upon rare materials in technical applications. Asteroid mining might be an answer, with Near-Earth objects (NEOs) being the first targets. However, the first step in the asteroid mining cascade is to probe reachable asteroids. Moreover, to identify the best candidates for further activities hundreds to thousands of asteroids must be screened. The fast progressing development of CubeSats might allow the space community to do the initial in-situ screening in a minimalistical and economical manner. Additionally, formation flying might enable the miniaturization of optical payloads for asteroid composition analysis in CubeSats. The recent developments in formation flying are summarised in this study and the possibility of utilizing formation flying CubeSats for asteroid surveillance explored. KW - asteroid surveillence KW - asteroid mining KW - formation flight KW - tandem flight KW - CubeSat KW - Planetoid KW - Rohstoffgewinnung KW - Kleinsatellit Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/doi: 10.1117/12.2672396 VL - 2023 IS - 12576 SP - 125760H-1 EP - 125760H-5 PB - SPIE ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Hommage auf einen bedeutenden Wissenschaftler - das Deutsche Röntgen-Museum T2 - DGaO Jahrestagung N2 - In diesem Jahr jährte sich der Todestag von Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, gestorben am 10. Februar 1923, zum hundertsten Mal. Dieser Beitrag ist eine Hommage auf diesen bedeutenden deutschen Wissenschaftler. 1895 entdeckte er eine neue Art von Strahlung, welche in der Lage ist, feste Materialien zu durchdringen. 1901 erhielt Professor Röntgen für diese bahnbrechende Entdeckung den ersten Nobelpreis für Physik. Das Deutsche Röntgen-Museum (DRM) erforscht und dokumentiert das Leben und Werk von W. C. Röntgen und die Auswirkungen seiner Entdeckung auf eine einzigartige und umfassende Weise. Der Standort des DRM in Remscheid ist kein Zufall, denn Röntgens Geburtshaus liegt nur wenige Gehminuten von den Exponaten entfernt. Die Betonung der Vielfalt von Röntgens Erfindung durch das Museum mit einer multimedialen Herangehensweise ermöglicht es den Besuchern, hier ihre ganz persönlichen Entdeckungen zu machen. Jeder Museumsbesuch wird so zu einer einzigartigen Entdeckungsreise durch die Welt der Medizin, Wissenschaft und Technik. Dieser Beitrag würdigt das Lebenswerk von Professor Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen und gibt einen Einblick in die Geschichte der Röntgenstrahlen und ihre Anwendungsgebiete. N2 - Poster KW - Röntgen KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - Museum KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Röntgenstrahlung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/abstract/abstract_only.php?id=2914 VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 1 PB - DGaO ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Unsichtbares erkunden - Experimente im Museumslabor des Deutschen Röntgen-Museums T2 - DGaO Jahrestagung N2 - „Freude habe ich nur, solange ich es mit dem Experimentieren zu tun habe“, schrieb Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen am 9.6.1920 an Margret Boveri. Das Deutsche Röntgen-Museum und das Remscheider Röntgengymnasium geben getreu diesem Motto Kindern und Jugendlichen die Möglichkeit, selbst aktiv zu werden, zu experimentieren und so auf den Spuren dieses bedeutenden Forschers zu wandeln. Hierzu wurde am 8. November 2011, einem Jahrestag der Entdeckung der Röntgenstrahlen, das Museumslabor RöLab gegründet. Dort werden Themenbrücken in das tägliche Leben geschlagen und so Lernprozesse im MINT-Bereich für die jungen Forschenden anregend, attraktiv und nachhaltig erlebbar. Das RöLab versteht sich als ein überregionales, außerschulisches Bildungsangebot, das Begeisterung für Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, Medizin und Medizintechnik an unterschiedliche Zielgruppen vermittelt und damit einen Beitrag zur Allgemeinbildung und MINT-Förderung leistet. Das didaktische Konzept nimmt den „Hands-on-Science“ Gedanken stringent auf, weckt den Forschergeist und ermöglicht es den Lernenden, Unsichtbares zu erkunden. Dieser Beitrag stellt das Museumslabor RöLab des Deutschen Röntgen-Museums vor. N2 - Poster KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - MINT KW - Museum KW - Röntgen KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Röntgenstrahlung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/abstract/abstract_only.php?id=2911 VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 1 PB - DGaO ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hudec, René A1 - Pomahac, Vit A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Klaus, Schilling T1 - Space Telescopes based on Satellite Tandem Flights T2 - DGaO Jahrstagung N2 - Due to the recent progress in satellite control engineering, tandem flight arrangements of mini-satellites are currently in discussion and under consideration for future space missions. CubeSat technologies offer an interesting possibility for space-born telescope payloads based on this approach. In such a scenario, two small satellites will fly at a constant distance of a few meters up to 100 meters. Thereby, the front satellite will carry the telescope optics and the second satellite the detector system. Related formation flight requirements were addressed in the NetSat-Mission, composed of four 3U-CubeSats, launched 2020. Space technology challenges concern in particular orbit control by an appropriate propulsion system as well as precision attitude pointing towards the joint target, and could be transferred from the NetSat-mission to the proposed Tandem Mission. This will allow space-based telescopes with a long focal length even placed on board of small or miniature CubeSat-type satellites. Cost effective Kirkpatrick-Baez type X-ray telescopes represent an important application here as they have longer focal lengths compared to previous astronomical observatories using Wolter I type X-ray mirrors. N2 - Poster KW - Satellite KW - CubeSat KW - Tandem Flight KW - Astronomy KW - Telescope KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Kleinsatellit Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/abstract/abstract_only.php?id=2951 VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 1 PB - DGaO ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schork, Sabrina A1 - Schleiss, Johannes A1 - Mah, Dana-Kristin A1 - Böhme, Katrin A1 - Fischer, David A1 - Mesenhöller, Janne A1 - Paaßen, Benjamin A1 - Schrumpf, Johannes T1 - Künstliche Intelligenz in der Bildung: Drei Zukunftsszenarien und fünf Handlungsfelder N2 - Die voranschreitende Digitalisierung und insbesondere der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Bildung eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten des Lernens. Bildung kann stärker individuell sowie zeitlich und räumlich entgrenzt stattfinden. ChatGPT verdeutlicht, wie dynamisch die Entwicklungen im Bereich KI sind. Das in Zunahme begriffene Interesse am Thema KI allgemein sowie KI in der Bildung kommt dem erforderlichen Austausch zwischen zentralen Akteur:innen zugute. Dieses Diskussionspapier präsentiert drei Zukunftsszenarien für den Einsatz von KI in der institutionellen Bildung: Hochschule, Weiterbildung und Schule. Im Fokus stehen die übergeordneten Fragestellungen nach Voraussetzungen und Gelingensbedingungen einer erfolgreichen Anwendung sowie nach gemeinsamen Handlungsfeldern für zentrale Stakeholder. Fünf Handlungsfelder für den Einsatz von KI in institutioneller Bildung sind auf Grundlage der skizzierten Zukunftsszenarien hervorzuheben: (1) Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit, (2) Qualifizierungsangebote und Kompetenzentwicklung, (3) Digitale Infrastruktur und Personal, (4) Ethik und Datensouveränität sowie (5) Interoperabilität von Daten in Bildungskontexten. Ziel des vorliegenden Diskussionspapiers ist es, den kooperativen Austausch zwischen relevanten Stakeholdern anzuregen. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Bildungswesen KW - Digitalisierung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://zenodo.org/record/7702620 VL - Diskussionspapier / März 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Unsichtbares erkunden - Experimente im Museumslabor RöLab des Deutschen Röntgen-Museums N2 - Das RöLab versteht sich als ein überregionales, außerschulisches Bildungsangebot, das Begeisterung für Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, Medizin und Medizintechnik an unterschiedliche Zielgruppen vermittelt und damit einen Beitrag zur Allgemeinbildung und MINT-Förderung leistet. Das didaktische Konzept nimmt den „Hands-on-Science“ Gedanken stringent auf, weckt den Forschergeist und ermöglicht es den Lernenden, Unsichtbares zu erkunden. KW - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen KW - Museum KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - MINT KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum KW - Röntgenstrahlung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/124/124_p30.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2023 IS - 124 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO Proceedings ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Busch, Uwe A1 - Kätker, Anna A1 - Schreiber, Kai A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten T1 - Hommage auf einen bedeutenden Wissenschaftler - das Deutsche Röntgen-Museum T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - 2023 jährte sich der Todestag von Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen zum einhundertsten Mal. Im Jahr 1895 entdeckte er eine neue Art von Strahlung, die feste Materialien durchdringen kann. 1901 erhielt er für diese Entdeckung den ersten Nobelpreis für Physik. Das Deutsche Röntgen-Museum erforscht und dokumentiert das Leben und Werk von W. C. Röntgen und die Auswirkungen seiner Entdeckung. KW - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen KW - Museum KW - Wissenschaftsgeschichte KW - Röntgenstrahlung KW - Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923 KW - Deutsches Röntgen-Museum KW - Röntgenstrahlung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/124/124_p31.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2023 IS - 124 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGaO ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hudec, Rene A1 - Pomahač, Vit A1 - Stanik, Eva A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Schilling, Klaus T1 - Space Telescopes based on Satellite Tandem Flights T2 - DGaO Proceedings N2 - Progress in satellite control engineering enables tandem flight arrangements of mini-satellites in future space missions. Cost effective CubeSat technologies offer an interesting possibility for space-born telescope payloads. Two small satellites will carry the telescope optics and the detector system, respectively. Related formation flight requirements could be transferred from the NetSat-Mission. KW - Astronomy KW - CubeSat KW - Satellite KW - Tandem Flight KW - Telescope KW - Röntgenteleskop KW - Kleinsatellit Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/124/124_p29.pdf SN - 1614-8436 VL - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alves, Caroline A1 - Toutain, Thaise A1 - Porto, Joel A1 - Aguiar, Patricia A1 - de Sena, Eduardo A1 - Rodrigues, Francisco A. A1 - Pineda, Aruane M. A1 - Thielemann, Christiane T1 - Analysis of functional connectivity using machine learning and deep learning in different data modalities from individuals with schizophrenia JF - Journal of Neural Engineering N2 - Objective. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder associated with persistent or recurrent psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders that affect approximately 26 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. Several studies encompass machine learning (ML) and deep learning algorithms to automate the diagnosis of this mental disorder. Others study SCZ brain networks to get new insights into the dynamics of information processing in individuals suffering from the condition. In this paper, we offer a rigorous approach with ML and deep learning techniques for evaluating connectivity matrices and measures of complex networks to establish an automated diagnosis and comprehend the topology and dynamics of brain networks in SCZ individuals. Approach. For this purpose, we employed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) dataset. In addition, we combined EEG measures, i.e. Hjorth mobility and complexity, with complex network measurements to be analyzed in our model for the first time in the literature. Main results. When comparing the SCZ group to the control group, we found a high positive correlation between the left superior parietal lobe and the left motor cortex and a positive correlation between the left dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and the left primary motor. Regarding complex network measures, the diameter, which corresponds to the longest shortest path length in a network, may be regarded as a biomarker because it is the most crucial measure in different data modalities. Furthermore, the SCZ brain networks exhibit less segregation and a lower distribution of information. As a result, EEG measures outperformed complex networks in capturing the brain alterations associated with SCZ. Significance. Our model achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 100% and an accuracy of 98.5% for the fMRI, an AUC of 95%, and an accuracy of 95.4% for the EEG data set. These are excellent classification results. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of specific brain connections and network measures on these results, which helped us better describe changes in the diseased brain. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Schizophrenie KW - Deep learning Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/acf734 VL - 2023 IS - 20/5 SP - 0 EP - 0 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Borgeest, Kai T1 - Manipulation von Abgaswerten N2 - Dieses kleine Buch stellt Hintergründe zum Abgasskandal dar, z. B. welche Schadstoffe kritisch sind, wie Motorsteuergeräte, Abgasrückführung und Abgasnachbehandlung funktionieren, wie Manipulationen auf dem Prüfstand möglich sind, mit welchen Fahrzyklen getestet wird und in welchem rechtlichen und politischen Umfeld dies lange Zeit unbemerkt mit unterschiedlichen Konsequenzen in der EU und den USA geschehen konnte. Es werden Maßnahmen vorgestellt, mit denen Fahrzeuge auch real gesetzliche Grenzwerte einhalten können und wie Manipulationen zukünftig rechtlich und politisch verhindert werden können. Dem Leser werden durch Literaturhinweise zusätzliche Details erschlossen. KW - Abgasemmission KW - Grenzwert KW - Kraftfahrzeugelektronik KW - Messung KW - Wirtschaftskriminalität KW - Abgas KW - Steuergerät KW - Verbrennungsmotor KW - Stickstoffoxide KW - Betrug Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-41304-0 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41305-7 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Link, Renate T1 - The Voice of Women in Higher Education: Current Perspectives of Students in Germany, Japan and Taiwan. A Contrastive Analysis of Western and Eastern Perceptions of Women Empowerment and Gender Roles Among Students T2 - Women's Empowerment for a Sustainable Future KW - Hochschulbildung KW - Frau Y1 - 2023 VL - 2023 SP - 243 EP - 269 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rötzel, Peter T1 - Nachhaltige Unternehmenssteuerung T2 - Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement kompakt N2 - Erste Schritte zur Implementierung eines Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements im Unternehmen Dieser kompakte Band geht auf zentrale Prinzipien und Konzepte ein, die Unternehmen helfen, ein Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement aufzubauen und weiterzuentwickeln. Darüber hinaus bietet er einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Ansätze und Instrumente des Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements, damit Unternehmen ihre Aktivitäten analysieren, bewerten und verbessern können, um ökologische und soziale Auswirkungen zu reduzieren und langfristige Wertschöpfung zu ermöglichen. Diese grundlegende Einführung richtet sich an die Führungskräfte in den Unternehmen, die sich mit Fragen des Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements beschäftigen. Zunächst werden die relevanten normativen und regulativen Anforderungen an das unternehmerische Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement vorgestellt, bevor konkret erste Schritte zur Implementierung eines Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements entwickelt werden. Die beiden letzten Kapitel stellen ein geeignetes Steuerungssystem sowie die Grundlagen der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation eines Unternehmens vor. KW - Unternehmensplanung KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Management KW - Nachhaltigkeitscontrolling KW - Unternehmenssteuerung KW - Management Control Systems KW - Sustainability Y1 - 2023 SP - 59 EP - 76 PB - Vahlen CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sauer, Timm A1 - Spielmann, Luca A1 - Gorks, Manuel A1 - Zindler, Klaus A1 - Jumar, Ulrich T1 - Model Predictive Control of Industrial Trucks with AI-based Plant Model Selection T2 - 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT) N2 - In this paper, a new control concept for automatic track guidance of forklifts within a heterogeneous logistics fleet is presented. The proposed control scheme is universally applicable and based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). The lateral control is realized using a Model Predictive Controller (MPC). In order to take into account the diversity of the industrial truck variants, a multi-model approach is used. Therefore, a plant model for each truck variant is integrated into the MPC. In a practical application, the most suitable model has to be selected. This decision is based on AI in the form of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). It is able to distinguish the different truck variants based on that part of the plant's state vector, which represents the vehicle dynamic characteristics. Thus, the appropriate model can be used, which significantly improves the control quality and guarantees an accurate track guidance of different forklifts. Due to the AI-based selection of the model, the computational effort can be kept low and real-time capability can be ensured. In order to classify the performance of the proposed control concept, its simulation results are compared to the closed-loop behavior, using a classical MPC. KW - automatic control KW - robust control KW - AI KW - ANN KW - Flurförderer KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10284427 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CoDIT58514.2023.10284427 VL - 2023 IS - Conference Proceedings SP - 263 EP - 268 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Borgeest, Kai T1 - Elektronik in der Fahrzeugtechnik: Hardware, Software, Systeme und Projektmanagement N2 - Das Buch vermittelt die Grundlagen, um die Besonderheiten der Elektronik und Software im Kfz nicht nur zu kennen, sondern auch zu verstehen. Zusätzlich wird an Beispielen die Komplexität realer Systeme im Fahrzeug vorgeführt und gezeigt, welche Anwendungen durch die Elektronik erst möglich werden. Das Spannungsfeld zwischen Sicherheit, Zuverlässigkeit und Komplexität prägt in Verbindung mit branchenüblichen Abläufen das Vorgehen bei der Entwicklung, das ein in diesem Bereich tätiger Ingenieur verstehen muss. KW - Kraftfahrzeugelektronik KW - Kfz-Elektronik KW - Steuergerät KW - CAN-Bus Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3658414825 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41483-2 PB - ‎Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monici, Monica A1 - Thielemann, Christiane T1 - How do gravity alterations affect animal and human systems at a cellular/tissue level? JF - nature npj Microgravity N2 - The present white paper concerns the indications and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community to make progress in filling the gaps of knowledge that prevent us from answering the question: “How Do Gravity Alterations Affect Animal and Human Systems at a Cellular/Tissue Level?” This is one of the five major scientific issues of the ESA roadmap “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments”. Despite the many studies conducted so far on spaceflight adaptation mechanisms and related pathophysiological alterations observed in astronauts, we are not yet able to elaborate a synthetic integrated model of the many changes occurring at different system and functional levels. Consequently, it is difficult to develop credible models for predicting long-term consequences of human adaptation to the space environment, as well as to implement medical support plans for long-term missions and a strategy for preventing the possible health risks due to prolonged exposure to spaceflight beyond the low Earth orbit (LEO). The research activities suggested by the scientific community have the aim to overcome these problems by striving to connect biological and physiological aspects in a more holistic view of space adaptation effects. KW - Raumfahrt KW - Schwere KW - Raumfahrtbiologie Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00330-y N1 - Artikel hat 62 Autoren VL - 2023 IS - 9/84 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pineda, Aruane M. A1 - Alves, Caroline L. A1 - Möckel, Michael A1 - de O Toutain, Thaise G. L. A1 - Moura Porto, Joel Augusto A1 - Rodrigues, Francisco A. T1 - Analysis of quantile graphs in EGC data from elderly and young individuals using machine learning and deep learning JF - Journal of Complex Networks N2 - Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, encompasses a variety of heart conditions that can result in sudden death for many people. Examples include high blood pressure, ischaemia, irregular heartbeats and pericardial effusion. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is frequently used to diagnose heart diseases, providing crucial information on how the heart functions. To analyse ECG signals, quantile graphs (QGs) is a method that maps a time series into a network based on the time-series fluctuation proprieties. Here, we demonstrate that the QG methodology can differentiate younger and older patients. Furthermore, we construct networks from the QG method and use machine-learning algorithms to perform the automatic diagnosis, obtaining high accuracy. Indeed, we verify that this method can automatically detect changes in the ECG of elderly and young subjects, with the highest classification performance for the adjacency matrix with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve close to one. The findings reported here confirm the QG method’s utility in deciphering intricate, nonlinear signals like those produced by patient ECGs. Furthermore, we find a more significant, more connected and lower distribution of information networks associated with the networks from ECG data of the elderly compared with younger subjects. Finally, this methodology can be applied to other ECG data related to other diseases, such as ischaemia. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Elektrokardiogramm KW - Älterer Mensch KW - Heranwachsender Y1 - 2023 UR - https://academic.oup.com/comnet/article-abstract/11/5/cnad030/7260365?redirectedFrom=fulltext U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnad030 VL - 2023 IS - 11/5 SP - * EP - * ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akcatepe, Osman A1 - Moeckel, Michael T1 - Hybrid Physics-Inspired Machine Learning Framework for Predictive Maintenance of Forklift Chains: Leveraging Sensor Data Characteristics N2 - Bridging the gap between physics-based modeling and data-driven machine learning promises to reduce the amount of training data required and to improve explainability in predictive maintenance applications. For a small fleet of industrial forklift trucks, we develop a physically inspired framework for predicting remaining useful life (RUL) for selected components by integrating physically motivated feature extraction, degradation modelling and machine learning. The discussed approach is promising for situations of limited data availability or large data heterogeneity, which often occurs in fleets of customized vehicles optimized for particular tasks. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Gabelstapler Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10375057/authors#authors U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCMA59762.2023.10375057 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eder, PA A1 - Jouanne-Diedrich, Holger K. von A1 - Rashid, A A1 - Soda, H T1 - Der präklinische 4 Item Stroke Scale (4I SS) und die Thrombektomie N2 - Der4I-SS zeigt eine moderate bis hohe diagnostische Genauigkeit in Bezug auf EVTs von Patienten mit akuten Schlaganfä̈llen. Die Implementierung kann zur Verbesserung der Patientenversorgung und Ressourcenallokation beitragen. N2 - Poster KW - Schlaganfall KW - Telemedizin Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chaar, Mohamad Mofeed A1 - Weidl, Galia A1 - Raiyn, Jamal T1 - Analyse the effect of fog on the perception T2 - Conference: International Symposium on Transportation Data & Modelling (ISTDM 2023) KW - ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Autonomes Fahrzeug KW - Fahrerassistenzsystem KW - Nebel Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369484982_Analyse_the_effect_of_fog_on_the_perception#fullTextFileContent ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Valencia, Yeimy A1 - Normann, Marc A1 - Sapsai, Iryna A1 - Abke, Jörg A1 - Madsen, Anders L. A1 - Weidl, Galia T1 - Learning Style Classification by Using Bayesian Networks Based on the Index of Learning Style T2 - ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, June 2023 KW - Lernstil KW - Fragebogen Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3593663.3593685 SP - 73 EP - 82 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Raiyn, Jamal A1 - Weidl, Galia T1 - Naturalistic Driving Studies Data Analysis Based on a Convolutional Neural Network T2 - VEHITS 2023: 9th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems N2 - The new generation of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are being designed to act autonomously and collect travel data based on various smart devices and sensors. The goal is to enable AVs to operate under their own power. Naturalistic driving studies (NDSs) collect data continuously from real traffic activities, in order not to miss any safety-critical event. In NDSs of AVs, however, the data they collect is influenced by various sources that degrade their forecasting accuracy. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to process a large amount of traffic data in different formats. A CNN can detect anomalies in traffic data that negatively affect traffic efficiency and identify the source of data anomalies, which can help reduce traffic congestion and vehicular queuing. KW - Autonomes Fahrzeug KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368332673_Naturalistic_Driving_Studies_Data_Analysis_Based_on_a_Convolutional_Neural_Network#fullTextFileContent U6 - https://doi.org/10.5220/0011839600003479 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kefer, Stefan A1 - Pape, Natalie A1 - Schmauss, Bernhard A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Fabrication of Lattice-Like Waveguides in Planar Cyclic Olefin Copolymers T2 - 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors N2 - This work demonstrates the femtosecond laser-based fabrication of lattice-like waveguides in planar cyclic olefin copolymers. An overview of the fabrication process is provided and waveguiding in the C-band is proven via optical near-field analysis. KW - Wellenleiter KW - Femtosekundenlaser Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-957171-30-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/OFS.2023.Th6.69 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kefer, Stefan A1 - Schmauss, Bernhard A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Sapphire-Based Planar Bragg Grating Devices T2 - 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors N2 - This study reports on the long-term stability and the high-temperature capability of sapphire-based photonic crystal waveguides with integrated Bragg gratings. Furthermore, their Bragg grating reflectivity as well as their temperature sensitivity is quantified. KW - Bragg-Reflektor KW - Wellenleiter Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-957171-30-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/OFS.2023.W2.4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döhring, Thorsten A1 - Stieglitz, Veronika A1 - Friedrich, Peter A1 - Burwitz, Vadim A1 - Jelinek, Martin A1 - Hudec, Rene T1 - Testing of lobster-eye type telescopes with X-rays and visible light T2 - SPIE Proceedings N2 - Reflective coatings for astronomical X-ray optics were developed at the “Aschaffenburg Competence Center for Astronomical and Space Instrumentation” (ACCASI) since several years. As part of a Bavarian-Czech cooperation between the Technical University of Aschaffenburg and the Czech Technical University of Prague, now two mechanically identical telescopes were built. One telescope optic was equipped with conventional gold-coated mirrors, manufactured by the Czech project partners. The 34 X-ray mirrors of the second telescope use an innovative coating system made of chromium and iridium, which was applied at the Aschaffenburg coating laboratory. Both telescopes are designed according to the bionic principle of a reflecting lobster eye. The optics works with two consecutive reflections on mutually perpendicular mirror surfaces. This enables a large field of view with many square degrees in diameter, which, however, comes at the price of a reduced angular resolution. An extensive X-ray characterization of these telescopes was carried out at the PANTER test facility of MPE, which simulates parallel starlight incident on the telescopes. The telescopes have an angular resolution of about 4 arc minutes in X-rays and a focal length of about 2 meters. Furthermore, the used X-ray mirrors reflect and focus visible light as well and this functionality in the optical regime was checked in laboratory tests. Now another test campaign was done to examine the telescope resolution for real objects of the visible sky and the imaging properties for star constellations. Such functional tests by observing astronomical objects of the visible sky may simplify and accelerate the development of X-ray telescopes for satellite applications. KW - X-rays KW - Telescopes KW - X-ray telescopes KW - Reflection KW - Mirrors KW - Röntgenteleskop Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665429 VL - 2023 IS - 12576 SP - 1257606-1 EP - 1257606-5 PB - SPIE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bischoff, Kay A1 - Esen, Cemal A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Preparation of Dispersed Copper(II) Oxide Nanosuspensions as Precursor for Femtosecond Reductive Laser Sintering by High-Energy Ball Milling JF - Nanomaterials N2 - This contribution demonstrates and discusses the preparation of finely dispersed copper(II) oxide nanosuspensions as precursors for reductive laser sintering (RLS). Since the presence of agglomerates interferes with the various RLS sub-processes, fine dispersion is required, and oversized particles must be identified by a measurement methodology. Aside from the established method of scanning electron microscopy for imaging individual dried particles, this work applies the holistic and statistically more significant laser diffraction in combination with dynamic image analysis in wet dispersion. In addition to direct ultrasonic homogenization, high-energy ball milling is introduced for RLS, to produce stable nanosuspensions with a high fine fraction, and, above all, the absence of oversize particles. Whereas ultrasonic dispersion stagnates at particle sizes between 500 nm and 20 μm, even after 8 h, milled suspension contains a high proportion of finest particles with diameters below 100 nm, no agglomerates larger than 1 μm and a trimodal particle size distribution with the median at 50 nm already, after 100 min of milling. The precursor layers produced by doctor blade coating are examined for their quality by laser scanning microscopy. The surface roughness of such a dry film can be reduced from 1.26 μm to 88 nm by milling. Finally, the novel precursor is used for femtosecond RLS, to produce homogeneous, high-quality copper layers with a sheet resistance of 0.28 Ω/sq and a copper mass concentration of 94.2%. KW - Laserstrahlsintern KW - Femtosekundenlaser Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13192693 VL - 13 IS - 19 SP - 2693 EP - 2693 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franz, Daniel A1 - Yang, Yongting A1 - Michel, Luis A1 - Esen, Cemal A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Evaluation of an ultrashort pulsed laser robot system for flexible and large-area micromachining JF - Journal of Laser Applications N2 - We report for the first time on the realization, characterization and application of an ultrashort pulsed laser robot system for flexible and large-area 2D and 3D laser micromachining with 6 articulated axes. To characterize the dynamic positioning of the laser beam during and after axes movement, CMOS image sensors were integrated into the beam path. A method introduced for the alignment of the optical axes allows a reduction of the deviations in laser beam positioning to less than 141.8 ± 92.9 μm within a 110° rotation range of axis 4. In addition, a high laser beam positioning repeatability of less than 102.2 μm is demonstrated over a total period of 14 h for a movement of axis 5 within a range of 0° to 90°. Initial laser cutting, laser structuring and laser marking applications on automotive dashboards and glass substrates are presented for flexible and large area 2D and 3D manufacturing. By applying a special laser cutting strategy for processing AF 32 eco thin glass, high cutting quality is achieved with a taper of up to 96.3% without the generation of cracks, demonstrating the innovative potential of the high-precision laser robot system. Nonetheless, different identified inherent influences of each axis 1–5 during robot axis movement demand for an innovative beam stabilization concept to achieve high precision in laser beam positioning. KW - Ultrakurzzeitlaser KW - Industrieroboter Y1 - 2023 N1 - Proceedings of the International Congress of Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO 2023) VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 042057 EP - 042065 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franz, Daniel A1 - Mücke, Dominik A1 - Kunz, Tim A1 - Rung, Stefan A1 - Esen, Cemal A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - UV picosecond laser drilling of ABF film material for printed circuit boards using laser burst mode and beam shaping T2 - International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2023 N2 - We report on an experimental study of laser microvia percussion drilling of Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF) material using an ultrashort pulsed laser in the ultraviolet region. In order to optimize the drilling quality in terms of the fabricated taper and microvia diameter, the MHz burst mode is used in combination with both a Gaussian and a top-hat laser intensity distribution. To evaluate the influence of the top-hat beam shape on defocusing, microvias were drilled at different z-positions in the range of 200 μm evenly distributed around the focal plane. The drilling quality was evaluated by laser scanning microscopy and metallography. When using a top-hat beam shape, a reduced taper of down to 26.8 % on average is achieved compared to a Gaussian beam. For the application of 3 intra-burst pulses, we find an improvement of the taper by 11.6% compared to the single pulse mode due to the increasing heat accumulation. Using a top-hat beam shape in combination with the MHz burst mode, an 18.2 % reduction in laser drilling time for a microvia with a similar taper is remarkable, demonstrating the high potential for scaling throughput in electronics manufacturing. KW - Pikosekundenbereich KW - Laserbohren Y1 - 2023 ER -