TY - JOUR A1 - Sallum, Loriz Francisco A1 - Alves, Caroline A1 - Thielemann, Christiane A1 - Rodrigues, Francisco A. T1 - Revealing patterns in major depressive disorder with machine learning and networks JF - medrxiv N2 - Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. There is an urgent need for an automated and objective method to detect MDD due to the limitations of traditional diagnostic approaches. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on machine and deep learning to classify patients with MDD and identify altered functional connectivity patterns from EEG data. We compare several connectivity metrics and machine learning algorithms. Complex network measures are used to identify structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Using Spearman correlation for network construction and the SVM classifier, we verify that it is possible to identify MDD patients with high accuracy, exceeding literature results. The SHAP (SHAPley Additive Explanations) summary plot highlights the importance of C4-F8 connections and also reveals dysfunction in certain brain areas and hyperconnectivity in others. Despite the lower performance of the complex network measures for the classification problem, assortativity was found to be a promising biomarker. Our findings suggest that understanding and diagnosing MDD may be aided by the use of machine learning methods and complex networks. KW - Depression KW - Elektroencephalographie KW - Maschinelles Lernen Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.07.24308619 VL - 2024 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. A1 - Monici, Monica A1 - Thielemann, Christiane T1 - How to obtain an integrated picture of the molecular networks involved in adaptation to microgravity in different biological systems? JF - npj Microgravity N2 - Periodically, the European Space Agency (ESA) updates scientific roadmaps in consultation with the scientific community. The ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper (SSCWP) 9, “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments”, focusses in 5 main topic areas, aiming to address key community-identified knowledge gaps in Space Biology. Here we present one of the identified topic areas, which is also an unanswered question of life science research in Space: “How to Obtain an Integrated Picture of the Molecular Networks Involved in Adaptation to Microgravity in Different Biological Systems?” The manuscript reports the main gaps of knowledge which have been identified by the community in the above topic area as well as the approach the community indicates to address the gaps not yet bridged. Moreover, the relevance that these research activities might have for the space exploration programs and also for application in industrial and technological fields on Earth is briefly discussed. KW - Weltraumforschung KW - Biowissenschaften Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00395-3 VL - 2024 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 5 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Lauer, Thomas T1 - Change Management: Grundlagen und Erfolgsfaktoren KW - Change Management KW - Erfolgsfaktor KW - Agilität Management Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-662-59101-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59102-4 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Berlin ET - 3., vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jost, Thomas A1 - Mink, Reimund T1 - Central bank losses and commercial bank profits - unexpected and unfair? T2 - IMFS Working Paper Series No. 199 N2 - The Eurosystem and the Deutsche Bundesbank will incur substantial losses in 2023 that are likely to persist for several years. Due to the massive purchases of securities in the last 10 years, especially of government bonds, the banks' excess reserves have risen sharply. The resulting high interest payments to the banks since the turnaround in monetary poli-cy, with little income for the large-scale securities holdings, led to massive criticism. The banks were said to be making "unfair" profits as a result, while the fiscal authorities had to forego the previously customary transfers of central bank profits. Populist demands to limit bank profits by, for example, drastically increasing the minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem to reduce excess reserves are creating new severe problems and are neither justified nor helpful. Ultimately, the EU member states have benefited for a very long time from historically low interest rates because of the Eurosystem's extraordinary loose monetary policy and must now bear the flip side consequences of the massive expansion of central bank balance sheets during the necessary period of monetary policy normalisa-tion. KW - Notenbank KW - Geldpolitik KW - Geschäftsbank KW - Deutsche Bundesbank KW - Central bank losses, monetary policy, ecb, minimum reserve Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.econbiz.de/Record/central-bank-losses-and-commercial-bank-profits-unexpected-and-unfair-jost-thomas/10014476309 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jost, Thomas A1 - Mink, Reimund T1 - How to deal with the negative effects of inflated central bank balance sheets? N2 - Due to the massive purchases of securities in the last 15 years central banks incur substantial losses likely to persist for several years. On the other hand, the banking sector gains large profits from interest payments on their excess reserves holdings. Central banks and fiscal authorities must now bear the flip side consequences of their bond purchase programs. Populist demands to limit bank profits by drastically increasing minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem are creating new severe problems. Instead, a consistent and faster normalisation of central bank balance sheets would be desirable. Central banks should also no longer be central players in government bond markets to restore the lost boundaries between fiscal and monetary policy. KW - Europäische Zentralbank KW - Geldpolitik KW - Notenbank KW - ecb, minimum reserve, monetary policy Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.suerf.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/SUERF-Policy-Brief-860_Jost-Mink.pdf SP - 1 EP - 4 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Hofmann, Georg Rainer A1 - Scheidler, Percy T1 - Chief Qualification Officer (CQO) und Weiterbildungsmentoren N2 - Alte Weisheiten wie „Schuster bleib bei deinem Leisten!“ oder auch „Was das Hänschen nicht lernt, das lernt der Hans nimmermehr“ haben in der heutigen, sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt ihren Sinn verloren. Das bedeutet, dass sich die komplette Belegschaft lebenslang weiterbilden muss, idealerweise mit Unterstützung des Arbeitgebers. In der Veröffentlichung "Chief Qualification Officers (CQOs) und Weiterbildungsmentoren - Thesen und Argumente" wird unter anderem das paradoxe Verhältnis von Arbeitslosigkeit und Fachkräftemangel erläutert, das Marktversagen im Weiterbildungsmarkt beschrieben und die Forderung nach einem Weiterbildungsbeauftragten (CQO) begründet. KW - Weiterbildungsmentoren KW - Weiterbildung KW - Erwachsenenbildung KW - Lebenslanges Lernen Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.mainproject.eu/shop SN - 978-3-9826305-0-2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Smeets, Mario A1 - Rötzel, Peter T1 - The Moderating Role of Non-Monetary Gamification in Reducing Algorithm Aversion in the Adoption of AI-based Decision Support Systems T2 - ECIS - European Conference on Information Systems N2 - Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into decision-making processes is key to improving organizational performance. However, trust in AI-based decision support systems (DSSs), similar to other information systems, is important for successful integration. A disruptive phenomenon, “algorithm aversion”, can impede AI trust and, thus, acceptance. Although AI recommendations outperform human recommendations in different decision-making fields, individuals underweight recommendations from AI-based DSSs compared to human decision-makers due to a lack of AI trust. We conducted a lab experiment to investigate the role of AI recommendations in workplace-related tasks, first focusing on the mediating effect of AI trust and the negative impact of algorithm aversion on decision-making performance and the moderating effect of technical competence. Second, we analyzed the ability of gamification to reduce this phenomenon. We provide evidence regarding how to enhance decision-making performance when AI recommendations are deployed and identify countermeasures against algorithm aversion to facilitate the adoption of AI-based DSSs. KW - Decision Support Systems KW - Algorithm Aversion KW - Gamification KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Gamification Y1 - 2024 VL - 2024 IS - 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sauer, Jonas A1 - Hoppe, Florian A1 - Bruhm, Hartmut T1 - Modellierung des Antriebsstrangs einer Textilmaschine zum Zweck der modellbasierten Steuerung T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2024, 20. Konferenz N2 - Zur Produktion von gewirkten Textilien werden mehrere Nadeln auf eine Legebarre gesetzt, die durch Servoantriebe positioniert werden. Aufgrund der erzwungenen Bewegung kann der Antriebsstrang bei hohen Drehzahlen zur Schwingung angeregt werden. Die richtige Wahl der Steuerkurven ist daher eine sehr wichtige und anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, die durch ein Antriebsstrangmodell unterstützt werden soll. Dafür wird am Beispiel eines Teststands ein Modell des Antriebsstranges in MATLAB/Simulink® entwickelt. Für das Antriebsstrangmodell müssen eine geeignete Modellordnung und Modellparameter gewählt werden. Die unbekannten Modellparameter werden durch eine Parameteridentifikation ermittelt. Mit einer Validierung wird ein geeignetes Anregungsspektrum für die Bestimmung der Modellordnung und die Parameteridentifikation ermittelt. KW - Textilmaschine KW - Triebstrang KW - MATLAB KW - SIMULINK KW - Modellierung KW - Grey-Box-Modell KW - Parameteridentifikation KW - MATLAB/ Simulink® KW - Inverses Modell KW - Input Shaping Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33968/2024.33 VL - 2024 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Leimeister, Katja A1 - Schumacher, Meike A1 - Wenderoth, Lucia ED - Hofmann, Georg Rainer ED - Alm, Wolfgang T1 - Krisen und Auswege : Ringvorlesung im Wintersemester 2022/2023 an der TH Aschaffenburg N2 - Krisen gab es schon immer. Aktuell hat sich jedoch ein ganzes Spektrum an Krisen entfaltet – es gibt politische und militärische Krisen, es brechen Energiemärke und Lieferketten weg, wir sehen ganze Branchen gefährdet, auch die Gesundheit macht uns Sorgen, vom Klimawandel ganz zu schweigen. In den Veranstaltungen der Ringvorlesung „Krisen und Auswege“, die im Wintersemester 2022/2023 stattfand, wurden Phänomene, Konzepte und Lösungen aus vielfältiger Perspektive erschlossen und damit die Komplexität des Gegenstands aufgezeigt. Herausforderungen für Unternehmen und Privatpersonen wurden identifiziert sowie der Einfluss auf technologische und organisatorische Entwicklungswege dargelegt. In dieser Publikation wurden die einzelnen Vorträge der Ringvorlesung von den Autorinnen zusammengefasst. KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Lieferketten KW - Energiemärkte KW - Mobilität KW - Gesundheitssystem KW - Krise KW - Energiemarkt KW - Klimaänderung KW - Supply Chain Management Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.mainproject.eu/shop SN - 978-3-9823413-6-1 PB - IMI Verlag, TH Aschaffenburg CY - Aschaffenburg ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Alm, Wolfgang A1 - Hofmann, Georg Rainer A1 - Reuter, Carsten A1 - Ruppert, Erich A1 - Schumacher, Meike A1 - Leimeister, Katja A1 - Schmitt, Joachim A1 - Wenderoth, Lucia T1 - 15 Jahre Wissenstransfer am Information Management Institut (IMI) N2 - Im Sommer des Jahres 2022 hatte der Bayerische Landtag das neue Hochschulinnovationsgesetz (BayHIG) verabschiedet. Darin ist erstmals der Wissenstransfer als die dritte, neue Säule der Hochschulaufgaben enthalten. Tatsächlich hat sich das IMI bereits seit 15 Jahren dem Wissenstransfer Hochschule - Wirtschaft verschrieben und zahlreiche Projekte mit unterschiedlichem Fokus erfolgreich durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden Publikation werden die bearbeiteten Themen im Wissenstransfer, die zahlreichen verschiedenen Veranstaltungsformate sowie die Drittmittelprojekte beleuchtet. KW - Europäischer Sozialfonds, Drittmittel KW - Informationsmanagement KW - Wissenschaftstransfer Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.mainproject.eu/shop SN - 978-3-9823413-8-5 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Hofmann, Georg Rainer ED - Alm, Wolfgang ED - Hofmann, Georg Rainer T1 - Vertrauen als ein Verhältnis zwischen Menschen und Maschinen N2 - Der technische Fortschritt von IT-Systemen, wie zum Beispiel der sogenannten „Künstlichen Intelligenz“ (KI) oder den „Common Data Spaces“ (CDSs), bringt die Frage nach der Akzeptanz dieser Systeme mit sich. Sowohl die aktive (ökonomische) Akzeptanz in Form des Erwerbs und der Nutzung, als auch die passive (soziale) Akzeptanz in Form der Duldung der aktiven Nutzung durch Dritte, sind für den Erfolg von IT-Systemen ausschlaggebend. Eine geringe Akzeptanz der Systeme und ein mangelndes Vertrauen in dieselben wird in einen Zusammenhang gebracht: Man fragt nach der Gestaltung „zuverlässiger und vertrauenswürdiger Systeme“, da diese besonders akzeptiert werden. In diesem Beitrag werden „Vertrauen“ und dessen Zusammenhang mit „Zuverlässigkeit“ und „Verstehen“ im Kontext von IT-Systemen erörtert. KW - KI KW - Vertrauen KW - Akzeptanz KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.mainproject.eu/shop SN - 978-3-9823413-7-8 PB - IMI Verlag, TH Aschaffenburg CY - Aschaffenburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lutz, Christian A1 - Helm, Jonas A1 - Tschirpke, Katrin A1 - Esen, Cemal A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Drilling Sequence Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms to Reduce Heat Accumulation for Femtosecond Laser Drilling with Multi-Spot Beam Profiles JF - MDPI Materials N2 - We report on laser drilling borehole arrays using ultrashort pulsed lasers with a particular focus on reducing the inadvertent heat accumulation across the workpiece by optimizing the drilling sequence. For the optimization, evolutionary algorithms are used and their results are verified by thermal simulation using Comsol and experimentally evaluated using a thermal imaging camera. To enhance process efficiency in terms of boreholes drilled per second, multi-spot approaches are employed using a spatial light modulator. However, as higher temperatures occur across the workpiece when using simultaneous multi-spot drilling as compared to a single-spot process, a subtle spatial distribution and sequence of the multi-spot approach has to be selected in order to limit the resulting local heat input over the processing time. Different optimization approaches based on evolutionary algorithms aid to select those drilling sequences which allow for the combination of a high efficiency of multi-spot profiles, a low-generated process temperature and a high-component quality. In particular, using a 4 x 4 laser spot array allows for the drilling of 40,000 boreholes in less than 76 s (526 boreholes/s) with a reduced temperature increase by about 35%, as compared to a single spot process when employing an optimized drilling sequence. KW - USP laser processing KW - Laser drilling KW - Optimization of heat accumulation KW - Evolutionary Algorithms KW - Thermal simualtions KW - Laserbohren KW - Ultrakurzzeitlaser Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/17/5775 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175775 VL - 2023 IS - 16/5775 SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lutz, Christian A1 - Schwarz, Simon A1 - Marx, Jan A1 - Esen, Cemal A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Multi-Bessel Beams Generated by an Axicon and a Spatial Light Modulator for Drilling Applications JF - MDPI Photonics N2 - We report on an optical setup to generate multi-Bessel beam profiles combining a refractive axicon and a spatial light modulator. Based on their particular beam profile, Bessel beams offer advantageous properties for micro drilling processes and internal volume processing, especially for transparent materials. In addition, the laser power of industrial, ultrashort pulsed lasers has increased significantly over the last few years, offering the possibility for highly efficient processes using multi-spot profiles. Our optical concept combines the dynamic possibilities of beam splitting using a spatial light modulator with the benefits of Bessel beams, which facilitates multi-Bessel beam processing. Beside the simulation and experimental evaluation of the generated multi-Bessel beams, we exemplify the applicability of the developed module for the perforation of thin metal foils by micro drilling. KW - Bessel beam KW - Axicon KW - Optical System KW - Ultrashort pulsed laser KW - Material ablation KW - Bessel-Bündel KW - Ultrakurzzeitlaser Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/4/413 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10040413 VL - 2023 IS - 10/413 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sommer, David A1 - Esen, Cemal A1 - Hellmann, Ralf T1 - Static and Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Hybrid-PBF-LB/M-Built and Hot Isostatic Pressed Lattice Structures JF - Mechanical Properties of Polymeric, Metallic, and Composite Materials N2 - We report on a comprehensive study of the mechanical properties of maraging steel body-centred cubic lattice structures fabricated by a hybrid additive manufacturing technology that combines laser powder bed fusion with in situ high-speed milling. As the mechanical properties of additive manufactured components are inferior to, e.g., cast components, surface modifications can improve the mechanical behaviour. Different hybrid additive manufacturing technologies have been designed using additive and subtractive processes, improving process quality. Following this, mechanical testing is performed with respect to static tensile properties and dynamic stress, hardness, and porosity, comparing specimens manufactured by laser powder bed fusion only to those manufactured by the hybrid approach. In addition, the influence of different heat-treatment techniques on the mechanical behaviour of the lattice structures is investigated, namely solution and aging treatment as well as hot isostatic pressing. Thus, the influence of the superior surface quality due to the hybrid approach is evaluated, leading to, e.g., an offset of about 14–16% for the static testing of HIP lattice structures. Furthermore, the dynamic load behaviour can be improved with a finished surface, heading to a shift of the different zones of fatigue behaviour in the testing of hybrid-built specimens. KW - Hybrid additive manufacturing KW - Lattice structures KW - Hot isostatic pressing KW - Fatigue behaviour KW - Isostatisches Heißpressen KW - Selektives Laserschmelzen Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/9/3556 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093556 VL - 16 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 14 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Marx, Jan A1 - Esen, Cemal A1 - Lutz, Christian A1 - Hellmann, Ralf A1 - Ostendorf, Andreas T1 - Holographic tuning of physical axicons N2 - Axicon generated Bessel beams are a popular tool for high aspect ratio precision laser drilling. Spot diameter and working distance are given by the geometric parameters of the axicon and the wavelength used. Thus, it is difficult to manipulate the beam shape of a Bessel beam for a given setup. Spatial light modulators (SLMs) overcome limitations in flexibility. However, due to the limited phase shift of SLMs, only Bessel beams with flat cone angles and large focal length can be generated. In this contribution, an approach for generating Bessel beams with a shorter, but tunable focal length is presented. A physical axicon was combined with an SLM. A holographic image of a negative axicon is put on the SLM to generate a ring beam, which is focused by a subsequent physical axicon to get a small focal diameter. Thus, different sized high aspect ratio micro holes can be drilled without using any moving components. KW - Bessel beam KW - Micro drilling KW - Axicon KW - Spatial light modulator KW - Beam shaping KW - Bessel-Bündel KW - Axicon KW - Strahlformung, Laser Y1 - 2023 VL - 2023 IS - 154 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - LiM 2023 Proceedings ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flachs, Dennis A1 - Zhukov, Sergey A1 - Zech, Isabella A1 - Schreck, Timo A1 - Belle, Stefan A1 - von Seggern, Heiinz A1 - Kupnik, Mario A1 - Altmann, Alexander Anton A1 - Thielemann, Christiane T1 - Enzymatic Self-Degradable PLA-Based Electrets JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment N2 - In recent years, the demand for sustainable and degradable materials and electronic devices has increased significantly. Among a range of biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a good alternative to conventional petrol-based polymers because of its attractive mechanical properties and its easy processability. Recently, PLA has also been described as a promising dielectric material with piezoelectric and electret properties. We expect that PLA—after further optimization— will play an important role as a material for environmentally friendly sensors in the future, where first applications such as air filters and pressure sensors have already been proposed. However, degradation under normal ambient conditions is very slow, and an accelerated and controllable degradation process is highly desirable for any type of PLA-based sensors. Enzymatic hydrolysis with embedded enzymes has been proposed as an approach to accelerate and control degradation. In this work, we investigate the properties of PLA in terms of dielectric and mechanical properties with a focus on its ability to store charges after the enzyme proteinase K (Trit. album) has been incorporated. Results reveal that proteinase K has a positive effect on the charge stability of solvent-cast PLA electrets after complete evaporation of the solvent. Furthermore, we observed a concentration-dependent acceleration of mass loss in a Tris-HCl buffer. A fast degradation within only one day occurred at a concentration of 6 wt% proteinase K. KW - Biologisch abbaubarer Kunststoff Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/Journal of https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03240-6 VL - 2024 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sauer, Timm A1 - Gorks, Manuel A1 - Spielmann, Luca A1 - Hepp, Nils A1 - Zindler, Klaus A1 - Jumar, Ulrich T1 - AI-based control approaches for lateral vehicle guidance of industrial trucks T2 - IFAC WC 2023 – The 22nd World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control 2023, Yokohama, Japan, 09.07.2023 - 14.07.2023 N2 - Two different control concepts for the automatic track guidance of forklifts are proposed. Both approaches are based on Reinforcement Learning (RL), a method of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and are able to take into account time-variant parameters, such as the vehicle velocity, and to reduce the influence of the path curvature, the most important disturbance variable of lateral vehicle control. In the first approach, both, the path curvature and the vehicle velocity signal, are provided to the controller in addition to the state variables of the controlled system. By varying the corresponding parameters in the training process, both signals can be considered and the control parameters can be optimized accordingly. In the second approach, several controllers (multi-model concept) considering the path curvature are used and the varying vehicle velocity is taken into account using a gain-scheduling concept. Considering time-variant vehicle parameters and the influence of the disturbance variable during operation, a stable track guidance is guaranteed within the whole speed range of the industrial trucks. KW - Artificial intelligence, Lateral vehicle control, Intelligent transportation systems KW - Flurförderer KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405896323019092 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1501. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balleis, Kristina A1 - Wagner, Stefan T1 - Haftung für Wildschäden in gemeinschaftlichen Jagdbezirken JF - Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft KW - Jagdrecht KW - Forstrecht Y1 - 1998 VL - 44 IS - Juni SP - 85 EP - 93 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balleis, Kristina T1 - Keine Heilbarkeit eines Mangels unzureichender interkommunaler Abstimmung im ergänzenden Verfahren nach §215 a BauGB, Urteilsbesprechung JF - Verwaltungsrecht für die Anwaltspraxis KW - Deutschland, Baugesetzbuch KW - Kommunale Zusammenarbeit Y1 - 2000 VL - 2000 IS - 6 SP - 192 EP - 192 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balleis, Kristina T1 - Rechtswidrigkeit einer Vorkaufssatzung zur Sicherung städtebaulicher Entwicklung, Urteilsbesprechung JF - Verwaltungsrecht für die Anwaltspraxis KW - Stadtentwicklung KW - Vorkaufsrecht KW - Rechtswidrigkeit Y1 - 2000 VL - 2000 IS - 5 SP - 155 EP - 155 ER -