<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>1521</id>
    <completedYear>2019</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>427</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>435</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5:4</issue>
    <volume>2019</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2019-01-02</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Electrochemical Characterization of Graphene Microelectrodes for Biological Applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Graphene is a promising material both as a coating for existing neural electrodes as well as for transparent electrodes made exclusively from graphene. We studied graphene‐based microelectrodes by investigating their recording and stimulation properties in order to evaluate their suitability for neuronal implants. In this work, we compare three different electrode material compositions. Microelectrode arrays (MEA) with an electrode size of about 700 μm2 were prepared of gold, graphene on gold, and plain graphene on glass substrate. In order to reduce polymer contamination during graphene transfer, we employed a polymer‐free transfer and lift‐off process. Impedance studies revealed a value of 2.3 MΩ at 1 kHz for plain, and 0.88 MΩ for graphene on gold. Neuronal recording experiments showed a sufficient SNR for both graphene‐based materials and a stable impedance, unaffected by surface degradation metal electrodes are known for. Stimulation measurements yielded a charge injection capacity of 0.15 mC/cm2 using biphasic pulses of 1 ms and 1 μA transparent graphene electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry revealed a large voltage range of −1.4 V to +1.6 V before water electrolysis occurs. Graphene‐coated gold microelectrodes show enhanced recording properties, whereas plain graphene electrodes might be better suited for stimulation applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ChemNanoMat</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/cnma.201800652</identifier>
    <enrichment key="copyright">0</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Berit Silke Körbitzer</author>
    <author>Peter Krauß</author>
    <author>Stefan Belle</author>
    <author>Jörg Schneider</author>
    <author>Christiane Thielemann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Graphene</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microelectrodes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stimulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neural Recording</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neural Interface</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Mikroelektrode</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Array</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Artifical Intelligence and Data Science</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Clean Tech</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Intelligent Sensors and Signals</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Material Testing &amp; Sensor Technology</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
