<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>1865</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1177607-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11776076</pageLast>
    <pageNumber>8</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11776</issue>
    <volume>2021</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SPIE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>TH Aschaffenburg</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation>Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt</contributingCorporation>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-05-24</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-04-18</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Characterisation of X-ray mirrors based on  chromium-iridium tri-layer coatings</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Iridium-based layer systems are highly effective mirror coatings for space-born X-ray telescopes. During the recent years, Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences and its partners developed stress compensated chromium-iridium coatings for such astronomical applications, using chromium as an adhesive layer between iridium reflective layer and mirror substrate. However, there was room for improvement: To overcome the disturbing reflectivity reduction of the iridium absorption edge around 2 keV photon energy, thin overcoat layers of chromium are applied in addition now. This layer system has been analyzed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images. Furthermore, the reflectivity of such innovative X-ray mirrors based on chromium-iridium tri-layer coatings was recently measured at PTB's four-crystal monochromator beamline at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II.  The experimental results, obtained for photon energies between 1.9 keV and 11 keV at two grazing incidence angles (0.6 degree and 0.9 degree) and their comparison with corresponding simulations are presented in this contribution. When compared to simulations of pure iridium coatings, a significantly higher reflectivity was achieved especially in the soft X-ray regime between 2 keV and 4 keV. Such chromium-iridium tri-layer coatings have high potential to increase the effective area for X-ray telescopes in Lobster Eye Design, for Wolter-I type X-ray optics, and for silicon pore optics as considered for the ATHENA telescope of the European Space Agency.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of SPIE</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2592551</identifier>
    <enrichment key="copyright">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Thorsten Döhring</author>
    <author>Manfred Stollenwerk</author>
    <author>Johannes Stadtmüller</author>
    <author>Sebastian Zeising</author>
    <author>Dennis Flachs</author>
    <author>Veronika Stehlikova</author>
    <author>Vadim Burwitz</author>
    <author>Michael K. Krumrey</author>
    <author>Vincenzo Cotroneo</author>
    <author>Mariana Klementova</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>mirror</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>telescope</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Röntgenspiegel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Röntgenteleskop</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Innovative Material Processing</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Material Testing &amp; Sensor Technology</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1006</id>
    <completedYear>2017</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>101</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>107</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>343</issue>
    <volume>2017</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-09-01</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2017-10-25</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of sputtering pressure on the nanostructure and the X-ray reflectivity of iridium coatings</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Reflective mirror coatings made of iridium are used in X-ray telescopes of the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) launched in 1999 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to investigate astronomical sources at photon energies below 10. keV. These coatings were produced in a DC magnetron sputtering process and have so far proven their suitability for space-based applications. We are considering in the present paper the processing of thin iridium films for lightweight telescopes using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique with an oblique angle deposition. The coating development presented here is focused on the influence of total sputtering pressure on film properties as well as on its impact on the mirror's performance. Characterisation methods such as X-ray diffractometry, X-ray reflectometry, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used. Correlations between morphology, density, surface micro-roughness, crystal structure of the iridium layer and the expected reflectivity of the X-ray mirror are described and discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Surface and Coatings Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.10.062</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0257-8972</identifier>
    <enrichment key="copyright">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Anne-Catherine Probst</author>
    <author>Manfred Stollenwerk</author>
    <author>Florian Emmerich</author>
    <author>Andre Büttner</author>
    <author>Sebastian Zeising</author>
    <author>Johannes Stadtmüller</author>
    <author>Franziska Riethmüller</author>
    <author>Veronika Stehlikova</author>
    <author>Wen Mingwu</author>
    <author>Laura Proserpio</author>
    <author>Christine Damm</author>
    <author>Bernd Rellinghaus</author>
    <author>Thorsten Döhring</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>sputtering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>microstructure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Röntgenteleskop</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Clean Tech</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Innovative Material Processing</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Material Testing &amp; Sensor Technology</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1004</id>
    <completedYear>2018</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>488</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>497</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>48</issue>
    <volume>2018</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-08-31</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>3018-02-28</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Study of multiple layers coatings for X–ray mirrors</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This paper focuses on a theoretical background that motivated&#13;
the experimental campaign of multiple layer coatings of X-ray mirrors, and&#13;
the first results of the testing of the prepared samples. Simulations of the use&#13;
of different overcoats were performed in order to improve the reflectivity of&#13;
thin iridium coatings designed for X-ray optics effective in the energy up to&#13;
10 keV. Samples based on these simulations were prepared and are being tested&#13;
for the properties that influence the X-ray optical performance, such as layer&#13;
homogeneity, density and surface micro-roughness. Further the topic of the&#13;
coating stress was addressed, as it is an issue in case of thin, lightweight X-ray&#13;
mirrors and affects the time stability of layers. The discussion and preliminary&#13;
results conclude our contribution.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnaté Pleso</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ta3.sk/caosp/Eedition/Abstracts/2018/Vol_48/No_3/pp488-497_abstract.html</identifier>
    <enrichment key="copyright">0</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Veronika Stehlikova</author>
    <editor>Augustín Skopal</editor>
    <author>Anne-Catherine Probst</author>
    <author>Ondrej Nentvich</author>
    <author>Martin Urban</author>
    <author>Ladislav Sieger</author>
    <author>Thorsten Döhring</author>
    <author>René Hudec</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>optics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>reflectivity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Röntgenspiegel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Innovative Material Processing</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Material Testing &amp; Sensor Technology</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>908</id>
    <completedYear>2017</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2</pageLast>
    <pageNumber>2</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>EOSMOS 2017</issue>
    <volume>2017</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>European Optical Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>CVUT Prag</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation>Hochschule Aschaffenburg</contributingCorporation>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-08-30</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development of iridium coated silicon X-ray mirrors for Lobster Eye astronomical telescopes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the field of X-ray astronomy different types of telescope optics based on grazing incidence mirrors can be used. This contribution presents a special design of a Lobster Eye wide-field telescope with mirrors based on flat silicon wafers and the task of coating such mirror substrates with reflective iridium layers.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of EOSMOS 2017</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="copyright">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Veronika Stehlikova</author>
    <author>Anne-Catherine Probst</author>
    <author>Ondrej Nentvich</author>
    <author>Martin Urban</author>
    <author>Adolf Inneman</author>
    <author>Ladislav Sieger</author>
    <author>Veronika Marsikova</author>
    <author>Thorsten Döhring</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>mirror</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>telescope</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lobster Eye</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Röntgenteleskop</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Innovative Material Processing</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Material Testing &amp; Sensor Technology</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>907</id>
    <completedYear>2017</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>103991Z-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>103991Z-7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber>7</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>10399</issue>
    <volume>2017</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SPIE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Max-Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation>Hochschule Aschaffenburg</contributingCorporation>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-08-30</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2017-08-29</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Indirect glass slumping of grazing incidence mirror segments for lightweight x-ray telescopes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The paper provides a description of recent progress in the development of lightweight, precision and highthroughput&#13;
grazing-incidence mirrors for X-ray astronomy made of glass. In particular, the indirect slumping&#13;
technology under investigation at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) is reviewed and&#13;
recent activities are presented together with the research approach. The glass slumping technique foresees&#13;
several steps: a thermal forming process using a suitable mould; a re&#13;
ective layer application; the alignment&#13;
and integration of mirror segments into a supporting structure; and the � nal veri� cation of prototype modules&#13;
using X-rays. Each step is considered at MPE, with the involvement of partner institutes and universities. The&#13;
last year of activities was mainly dedicated to the procurement of new moulds and to the application of Iridium&#13;
coating. The main results will be presented.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1117/12.2272671</identifier>
    <enrichment key="copyright">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Veronika Stehlikova</author>
    <author>Laura Proserpio</author>
    <author>Peter Friedrich</author>
    <author>Emanuel Madarasz</author>
    <author>Elias Breunig</author>
    <author>Vadim Burwitz</author>
    <author>Thorsten Döhring</author>
    <author>Anne-Catherine Probst</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>telescope</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>slumping</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>glass</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Röntgenteleskop</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Innovative Material Processing</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Material Testing &amp; Sensor Technology</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>906</id>
    <completedYear>2017</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>103991C-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>103991C-8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber>8</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>10399</issue>
    <volume>2017</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SPIE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-08-30</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2017-08-29</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development of iridium coated X-ray mirrors for astronomical applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Future space-based X-ray observatories need to be very lightweight for launcher mass constraints. Therefore they will&#13;
use a reduced mirror thickness, which results in the additional requirement of low coating stress to avoid deformation of&#13;
the initial precisely shaped mirror substrates. Due to their excellent reflection properties iridium coatings are sometimes&#13;
applied for grazing incidence mirrors in astronomical X-ray telescopes. At Aschaffenburg University of Applied&#13;
Sciences the coating of thin iridium films by an RF-magnetron sputtering technique is under development. The work is&#13;
embedded in collaborations with the Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany, the Czech Technical&#13;
University in Prague, the Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera in Italy, the German Leibniz Institute for Solid State and&#13;
Materials Research in Dresden, and the French Institute Fresnel. Sputtering with different parameters leads to iridium&#13;
films with different properties. The current work is focused on the microstructure of the iridium coatings to study the&#13;
influence of the substrate and of the argon gas pressure on the thin film growing process. Correlations between coating&#13;
density, surface micro-roughness, the crystalline structure of the iridium layers, and the expected reflectivity of the X-ray&#13;
mirror as well as coating stress effects are presented and discussed. The final goal of the project is to integrate the&#13;
produced prototype mirrors into an X-ray telescope module. On a longer timescale measurements of the mirror modules&#13;
optical performance are planned at the X-ray test facility PANTER.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1117/12.2273988</identifier>
    <enrichment key="copyright">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Thorsten Döhring</author>
    <author>Anne-Catherine Probst</author>
    <author>Florian Emmerich</author>
    <author>Manfred Stollenwerk</author>
    <author>Veronika Stehlikova</author>
    <author>Peter Friedrich</author>
    <author>Christine Damm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>telescope</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>mirror</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Röntgenteleskop</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Innovative Material Processing</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Material Testing &amp; Sensor Technology</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>897</id>
    <completedYear>2017</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1023505-1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1023505-7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber>7</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>10235</issue>
    <volume>2017</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SPIE International Society for Optics and Photonics</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bellingham WA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Czech Technical University in Prague</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation>Hochschule Aschaffenburg</contributingCorporation>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-06-04</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2017-05-31</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Study of lobster eye optics with iridium coated X-ray mirrors for a rocket experiment</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In the field of astronomical X-ray telescopes, different types of optics based on grazing incidence mirrors can be used. This contribution describes the special design of a lobster-eye optics in Schmidt's arrangement, which uses dual reflection to increase the collecting area. The individual mirrors of this wide-field telescope are made of at silicon wafers coated with reflecting iridium layers. This iridium coatings have some advantages compared to more common gold layers as is shown in corresponding simulations. The iridium coating process for the X-ray mirrors was developed within a cooperation of the Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences and the Czech Technical University in Prague. Different mirror parameters essential for a proper function of the X-ray optics, like the surface microroughness and the problematic of a good adhesion quality of the coatings were studied. After integration of the individual mirrors into the final lobster-eye optics and the corresponding space qualification testing it is planned to fly the telescope in a recently proposed NASA rocket experiment.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1117/12.2265769</identifier>
    <enrichment key="copyright">0</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Veronika Stehlikova</author>
    <editor>Rene Hudec</editor>
    <author>Martin Urban</author>
    <author>Ondrej Nentvich</author>
    <author>Adolf Inneman</author>
    <author>Thorsten Döhring</author>
    <author>Anne-Catherine Probst</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lobster Eye</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>mirror</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Iridium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Spiegelteleskop</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>optische Schicht</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Innovative Material Processing</collection>
    <collection role="forschungsschwerpunkte" number="">Material Testing &amp; Sensor Technology</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
