@article{Weithmann2016, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina}, title = {Standardization in China: Electric Vehicle Technology as Driver for Change in China's Automotive Standardization}, series = {International Journal of Standardization Research (IJSR)}, volume = {2016}, journal = {International Journal of Standardization Research (IJSR)}, number = {14 (2)}, pages = {20 -- 32}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Electric vehicle (EV) development in China emerged with the 863 program (1986) for high technologies and has received support since the 10th Five Year Plan. While standards were of no particular importance in the early years of EV development, standards have increasingly become subject to policies and programs. For instance, the promotion of 'indigenous' or 'home-grown' innovation is perceived as means to develop domestic standards and contribute to international standards. Alongside this target, the Chinese government mandated the development of an EV standardization roadmap to serve as a guideline for optimizing standardization work, promoting technical innovation and large-scale industrialization. It was even considered that EV standardization was a novel standard field that has the potential to secure China a forerunner position in technological development as well as international standardization, regardless of standard-setting practices in the conventional automotive sector. Against this background, this paper examines the differences in system set-up and processes of standardization for the traditional automotive and the electric vehicles sector. While conventional automotive standardization is limited to a single sector with the Ministry of Industry of Information Technology and the China Automotive Technology and Research Centre in charge, electric vehicles require the participation of stakeholders from other sectors. Therefore, the negative influence from the conventional decentralized automotive sector on the development of common nationwide standards like the dynamics between national, regional and local actors cannot be deprived. Additionally, this paper also highlights learnings from EV standardization that might set positive impulses for conventional EV standardizations.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @book{Weithmann2018, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina}, title = {The Evolvement of Standards in China - Insight from the Electric Vehicle Sectors}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-8452-8623-5}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This book analyses why Chinese technology standards deviate from international standards. The research it contains is based on four periods of field research in Beijing that involved 70 expert interviews. The data gathered throughout these interviews resulted in a detailed case study on the Chinese standardisation system and particularly the electric vehicle sector. The book's application of complexity theory shows that the evolvement of deviating standards is a substantial component in the development of the Chinese standardisation system. This is further explained by its use of a 'Three Phase Standardisation Development Concept'. This book fills a gap in existing research, especially because it focuses on a developing country with a standardisation system that is in transition.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @incollection{Weithmann2018, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina}, title = {The impact of China's changing role in technology standardization}, series = {Netzintegration der Elektromobilit{\"a}t 2018}, booktitle = {Netzintegration der Elektromobilit{\"a}t 2018}, publisher = {Springer}, pages = {9 -- 18}, year = {2018}, abstract = {China is taking on a new role in international trade. One of the most prominent events highlighting this new role has been the speech of Xi Jinping, the president of the Peoples Republic in China (PRC), at the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2017. His speech has become famous as pro-globalization speech. It contrasted with the anti-globalization tendency proclaimed throughout the US president's election campaign, who had assumed office shortly after the speech at the 2017 WEF.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @incollection{WeithmannSchmack2017, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina and Schmack, Ulrich}, title = {Benefits of e-mobility for cross-sector energy management}, series = {Netzintegration der Elektromobilit{\"a}t 2017}, booktitle = {Netzintegration der Elektromobilit{\"a}t 2017}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-658-19292-1}, pages = {97 -- 108}, year = {2017}, subject = {Elektromobilit{\"a}t}, language = {en} } @techreport{Weithmann2019, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina}, title = {Marktf{\"u}hrer der „neuen" Arbeitskr{\"a}fte - Chinesische Industrie- und Servicerobotik}, organization = {Asia Bridge}, pages = {2}, year = {2019}, subject = {China}, language = {de} } @techreport{WeithmannFremery2020, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina and Fremery, Vincent}, title = {China revolutioniert den Finanzsektor}, organization = {Asia Bridge}, pages = {2}, year = {2020}, subject = {China}, language = {de} } @techreport{Weithmann2018, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina}, title = {Exportschlager chinesische Normen?}, organization = {China Contact}, pages = {2}, year = {2018}, subject = {China}, language = {de} } @article{WeithmannLuedtke2022, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina and Luedtke, Susann}, title = {Erneuerung und Innovation statt Emp{\"o}rung: Ideen und L{\"o}sungen f{\"u}r Normung mit China}, series = {China Insights Wirtschaftsmagazin}, volume = {2022}, journal = {China Insights Wirtschaftsmagazin}, number = {01-2022}, editor = {Tichauer, Peter}, pages = {10 -- 13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Normung galt lange als ein rein technisches Thema f{\"u}r ausgewiesene Spezialisten. Neuerdings erh{\"a}lt das Thema zus{\"a}tzliche Aufmerksamkeit durch Vertreter aus industrie- und geopolitischen Fachkreisen, insbesondere aufgrund des Entwicklungsprojekts zur Seidenstraße. Die Autorinnen skizzieren den Erneuerungsbedarf f{\"u}r die Normungswelt und fordern mehr Innovation, um den wachsenden Herausforderungen in der internationalen Normung entgegen zu treten.}, subject = {Normung}, language = {de} } @article{WeithmannLuedtke2023, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina and Luedtke, Susann}, title = {Evaluating the impact of deviating technical standards on business processes, trade and innovation}, series = {Journal of Standardisation}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Journal of Standardisation}, number = {Vol. 2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18757/jos.2023.6898}, pages = {1 -- 28}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Surrounding the increasingly intense discussions about the emergence of new global standardization regimes in context of China's rise as a dominant standardization power, there has been much talk about countries purposefully using deviating national standards to impose trade barriers. The discussion of whether and to what degree technical standards deviate from international standards and how this affects business, trade, innovation and the standard system is of global relevance. As research about the impact of deviating technical standards is still strongly underrepresented in the academic community, this research analyses the different "degrees" of deviation and the respective impact of minor or negligible deviation and strong deviation on businesses trading in a global context. By using a mixed research method based on literature review, analysis of standard documents and semi-structured interviews, this study discusses peculiarities and challenges associated with deviating technical standards. This is of relevance with regards to international trade and especially trade with countries that became increasingly important players in the international standardization regime. Our research will therefore add further insights to a better understanding of the close linkage between economic growth and standardization. This paper further highlights how deviating technical standards impact companies around the globe and how these companies could use a newly developed risk indicator to not only engage in the standard game but also to better assess consequences.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @incollection{Weithmann2022, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina}, title = {Die Modernisierung des chinesischen Normungssystems}, series = {Normungs- und Standardisierungsstrategien in China und Indien - Im Spannungsfeld von Industrie- und Geopolitik und Implikationen f{\"u}r Europa}, booktitle = {Normungs- und Standardisierungsstrategien in China und Indien - Im Spannungsfeld von Industrie- und Geopolitik und Implikationen f{\"u}r Europa}, address = {Springer Gabler Wiesbaden}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38204-9_8}, pages = {145 -- 154}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Das chinesische Normungssystem unterliegt seit Gr{\"u}ndung der Volksrepublik 1949 einem kontinuierlichen Wandel. Mit der wirtschaftlichen {\"O}ffnung und wachsender Bedeutung am internationalen Handel wurde jedoch eine umfangreichere Modernisierung des chinesischen Normungssystems unausweichlich. Nachdem erste Versuche der Erneuerung des Normungssystems im Hauruckverfahren wenig Erfolg zeigten, geht China seit 2015 nun im Rahmen seiner Reformpl{\"a}ne f{\"u}r das Normungssystem einem ganzheitlicheren Ansatz nach. Einem Ansatz, der den Anforderungen und Anspr{\"u}chen einer f{\"u}hrenden Wirtschaftsmacht in einem globalen Markt entspricht. Im Vergleich zu anderen f{\"u}hrenden Normungsm{\"a}chten wie Europa oder die USA gilt China als Nachz{\"u}gler in der internationalen Normung. Das bietet jedoch den Vorteil, dass China aus den Erfahrungen anderer Nationen lernen und selbst ein Normungssystem etablieren kann, welches die besten Aspekte anderer Systeme aufgreift und gleichzeitig Chinas wirtschaftlichem F{\"u}hrungsanspruch gerecht wird.}, subject = {Normung}, language = {de} }