@article{DluhoschFreytagKrueger1998, author = {Dluhosch, Barbara and Freytag, Andreas and Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Gains From Trade in a Deficit-Ridden Economy: Note}, series = {Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE)}, volume = {154}, journal = {Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE)}, number = {4}, pages = {680 -- 687}, year = {1998}, subject = {USA}, language = {en} } @article{Krueger1999, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Monetary Policy Implications of Digital Money: A Comment}, series = {Kyklos}, volume = {52}, journal = {Kyklos}, number = {2}, pages = {259 -- 262}, year = {1999}, subject = {Elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr}, language = {en} } @article{Krueger1999, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Dynamic Hedging in Currency Crisis}, series = {Economics Letters}, volume = {62}, journal = {Economics Letters}, number = {3}, pages = {347 -- 350}, year = {1999}, subject = {Zins{\"a}nderung}, language = {en} } @article{Krueger2001, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Offshore e-money issuers and monetary policy}, series = {First Monday}, volume = {6}, journal = {First Monday}, number = {10}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2001}, subject = {Elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr}, language = {en} } @article{DrehmannGoodhartKruegeretal.2002, author = {Drehmann, Mathias and Goodhart, Charles and Kr{\"u}ger, Malte and Boldrin, Michele and Rose, Andrew}, title = {10. The challenges facing currency usage: will the traditional transactions medium be able to resist competition from the new technologies?}, series = {Economic Policy}, volume = {17}, journal = {Economic Policy}, number = {34}, pages = {193 -- 227}, year = {2002}, subject = {Elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr}, language = {en} } @article{Jost2018, author = {Jost, Thomas}, title = {Bei der Euro-Reform werden die Weichen falsch gestellt}, series = {B{\"o}rsenzeitung}, volume = {2018}, journal = {B{\"o}rsenzeitung}, number = {Nr. 229}, pages = {6 -- 6}, year = {2018}, subject = {Internationaler W{\"a}hrungsfonds}, language = {de} } @article{BaalHinrichsKrueger2006, author = {Baal, Sebastian van and Hinrichs, Jens-Werner and Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Welche Zahlungsverfahren kommen im Internet zum Einsatz? Ein erkl{\"a}rendes Partialmodell und empirische Anzeichen f{\"u}r seine G{\"u}ltigkeit}, series = {Banking and Information Technology}, volume = {2006}, journal = {Banking and Information Technology}, number = {2}, pages = {9 -- 19}, year = {2006}, subject = {Elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr}, language = {de} } @article{Krueger2009, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {The Elasticity Pricing Rule for Two-sided Markets : A Note}, series = {Review of Network Economics}, volume = {8}, journal = {Review of Network Economics}, number = {3}, pages = {271 -- 278}, year = {2009}, subject = {Preisbildung}, language = {en} } @article{Krueger2012, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Money: A Market Microstructure Approach}, series = {Journal of Money, Credit and Banking}, volume = {44}, journal = {Journal of Money, Credit and Banking}, number = {6}, issn = {0022-2879}, pages = {1245 -- 1258}, year = {2012}, subject = {Bargeldloser Zahlungsverkehr}, language = {en} } @article{KruegerJudt2013, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte and Judt, Ewald}, title = {A European card payments scheme : Forever a phantom?}, series = {Journal of Payments Strategy \& Systems}, volume = {7}, journal = {Journal of Payments Strategy \& Systems}, number = {4}, issn = {1750-1806}, pages = {344 -- 358}, year = {2013}, subject = {Kartengesteuertes Zahlungssystem}, language = {en} } @article{Krueger2015, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Do the Poor Pay for Card Rewards of the Rich?}, series = {Review of Economics}, volume = {66}, journal = {Review of Economics}, number = {2}, issn = {2366-035X}, pages = {129 -- 154}, year = {2015}, subject = {Kartengesteuertes Zahlungssystem}, language = {en} } @article{Krueger2017, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {The introduction of cashless wage payments and the spread of branch banking in post-war Germany}, series = {Financial History Review}, volume = {24}, journal = {Financial History Review}, number = {2}, pages = {185 -- 207}, year = {2017}, subject = {Bargeldloser Zahlungsverkehr}, language = {en} } @article{Krueger2013, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Ein Drei-Punkte-Plan zur Reform der Geldpolitik}, series = {Credit and Capital Markets - Kredit und Kapital}, volume = {46}, journal = {Credit and Capital Markets - Kredit und Kapital}, number = {4}, issn = {2199-1227}, pages = {421 -- 437}, year = {2013}, subject = {Geldpolitik}, language = {de} } @article{Krueger2018, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Pros and cons of cash : The state of the debate}, series = {Credit and Capital Markets - Kredit und Kapital}, volume = {51}, journal = {Credit and Capital Markets - Kredit und Kapital}, number = {1}, issn = {2199-1227}, pages = {15 -- 40}, year = {2018}, subject = {Bargeldloser Zahlungsverkehr}, language = {en} } @incollection{DoehringKrausseSchneiderStoermann2018, author = {D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Krauße, Sylvana and Schneider-St{\"o}rmann, Ludger}, title = {Der Studiengang Internationales Technisches Vertriebsmanagement an der Hochschule Aschaffenburg - Ausbildung von Vertriebsingenieuren f{\"u}r einen globalen Markt}, series = {Internationalisierung der Curricula in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, booktitle = {Internationalisierung der Curricula in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, publisher = {wbv Media}, address = {Bielefeld}, doi = {10.3278/6004649w}, pages = {161 -- 170}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Wettbewerbsf{\"a}higkeit der Exportnation Deutschland erfordert hervorragend ausgebildete Vertriebsingenieure. Dieses Ausbildungsziel verfolgt der Studiengang „Internationales Technisches Vertriebsmanagement" an der Hochschule Aschaffenburg. Als Besonderheit komplettiert ein f{\"u}r alle Studierende verpflichtender Auslandsaufenthalt die international ausgerichtete Ausbildung. Neben Lehrveranstaltungen in englischer Sprache gibt es eine internationale Projektwoche als Maßnahme zur "Internationalisation at Home". Der Studiengang ist {\"u}ber die „Academic Association of Sales Engineering" international vernetzt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Bestel2018, author = {Bestel, Robert}, title = {Simulation neuronaler Aktionspotentiale in Hinblick auf Zellform und Physiologie sowie deren Ableitung mittels extarzellul{\"a}rer Mikroelektroden}, doi = {10.18453/rosdok_id00002390}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2018}, subject = {Mikroelektrode}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Hahn2017, author = {Hahn, Stefan}, title = {Methoden zur nichtlinearen modellbasierten Spurf{\"u}hrung benutzerdefinierter Punkte an der Fahrzeugfront}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2017}, subject = {Personenkraftwagen}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Amrhein2017, author = {Amrhein, Sebastian}, title = {Wertstoffkreisl{\"a}ufe im Kontext neuer Mobilit{\"a}tskonzepte}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2017}, subject = {Elektrofahrrad}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Woelfel2018, author = {W{\"o}lfel, Maximilian}, title = {Hochintegriertes hardwaregest{\"u}tztes Messverfahren zur Untersuchung von fehlerbehafteten {\"U}bertragungskan{\"a}len in TETRA-Objektfunkversorgungen}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2018}, subject = {TETRA, Telekommunikation}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ruecker2017, author = {R{\"u}cker, Johannes}, title = {Automatisierte Detektion und Extraktion von Elektroschrott-Komponenten mit Methoden der Bildverarbeitung und des maschinellen Lernens im Hinblick auf Tantal-Recycling}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2017}, subject = {Elektronikschrott}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Lieb2018, author = {Lieb, Florian}, title = {The Affine Uncertainty Principle, Associated Frames and Applications in Signal Processing}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2018}, subject = {Signalverarbeitung}, language = {en} } @book{DluhoschFreytagKrueger1992, author = {Dluhosch, Barbara and Freytag, Andreas and Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Leistungsbilanzsalden und internationale Wettbewerbsf{\"a}higkeit}, publisher = {Institut f{\"u}r Wirtschaftspolitik an der Universit{\"a}t K{\"o}ln}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, pages = {IX, 266 Seiten}, year = {1992}, subject = {Internationale Wettbewerbsf{\"a}higkeit}, language = {de} } @book{DluhoschFreytagKrueger1996, author = {Dluhosch, Barbara and Freytag, Andreas and Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {International competitiveness and the balance of payments : do current account deficits and surpluses matter?}, publisher = {Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {1-85898-210-3}, pages = {IX, 235 Seiten}, year = {1996}, subject = {Zahlungsbilanz}, language = {en} } @book{KruegerGodschalk1998, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte and Godschalk, Hugo}, title = {Herausforderung des bestehenden Geldsystems im Zuge seiner Digitalisierung - Chancen f{\"u}r Innovationen? : Gutachten der PaySys GmbH im Rahmen des Projekts "Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung zu elektronischen Zahlungssystemen f{\"u}r digitale Produkte und Dienstleistungen im Internet" (PEZ)}, publisher = {FZKA}, address = {Karlsruhe}, pages = {X, 55 Seiten}, year = {1998}, subject = {Zahlungsverkehr}, language = {de} } @book{KruegerSeitz2017, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte and Seitz, Franz}, title = {Kosten und Nutzen des Bargelds und unbarer Zahlungsinstrumente : der Nutzen von Bargeld ; Modul 2}, publisher = {Knapp}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, pages = {XI, 91}, year = {2017}, subject = {Bargeld}, language = {de} } @book{Krueger1994, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte}, title = {Finanzmarktungleichgewichte und Wechselkursvolatilit{\"a}t : zur Bedeutung der internationalen Finanzm{\"a}rkte f{\"u}r die Entwicklung der Wechselkurse}, publisher = {Institut f{\"u}r Wirtschaftspolitik an der Universit{\"a}t K{\"o}ln}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {3-921471-82-6}, pages = {X, 194 Seiten}, year = {1994}, language = {de} } @book{AnyuKruegerMicklitzetal.2012, author = {Anyu, Li and Kr{\"u}ger, Malte and Micklitz, Hans-Wolfgang and Mingke, He and Musi, Ala and Purnhagen, Kai and Spindler, Gerald and Thorun, Christian}, title = {E-Commerce in China and Germany : a Sino-German comparative analysis}, editor = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Internationale Zusammenarbeit, and Department of Market Regulation, State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China (SAIC), and China Society of Administration for Industry \& Commerce (CSAIC),}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-63016-3}, pages = {241}, year = {2012}, subject = {Electronic Commerce}, language = {en} } @book{KruegerSeitz2014, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Malte and Seitz, Franz}, title = {Kosten und Nutzen des Bargelds und unbarer Zahlungsinstrumente : {\"U}bersicht und erste Sch{\"a}tzungen ; Modul 1}, publisher = {Deutsche Bundesbank}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, pages = {124}, year = {2014}, subject = {Bargeld}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Goldhammer2016, author = {Goldhammer, Michael}, title = {Selbstlernende Algorithmen zur videobasierten Absichtserkennung von Fußg{\"a}ngern}, doi = {10.19211/KUP9783737602532}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2016}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Mayer2017, author = {Mayer, Margot}, title = {Einfluss ionisierender Strahlung auf die elektrophysiologischen Eigenschaften sich entwickelnder neuronaler Netzwerke}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2017}, subject = {Ionisierende Strahlung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Dressler2016, author = {Dressler, Katharina}, title = {Bildung von Hohlr{\"a}umen in lokalen R{\"u}ckseitenkontakten bei Passivated Emitter and Rear Solarzellen}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2016}, subject = {Solarzelle}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Rosenberger2018, author = {Rosenberger, Manuel}, title = {Polymere planare Bragg-Gitter}, publisher = {Shaker}, isbn = {978-3-8440-6008-9}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2018}, subject = {Bragg-Reflektor}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Nick2015, author = {Nick, Christoph}, title = {Mikrointegrierte Nanostrukturen mit hohem Aspektverh{\"a}ltnis als neuronale Schnittstelle}, school = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {2015}, subject = {Neuronales Netz}, language = {de} } @book{Doehring1993, author = {D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {Das laserinduzierte Plasma - eine R{\"o}ntgenlichtquelle}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, year = {1993}, abstract = {Dissertation}, subject = {Lasererzeugtes Plasma}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{JedamzikHengstElsmannetal.2008, author = {Jedamzik, Ralf and Hengst, Joachim and Elsmann, Frank and Lemke, Christian and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Hartmann, Peter}, title = {Optical materials for astronomy from SCHOTT: the quality of large components}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE}, volume = {7018}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE}, number = {70180O}, year = {2008}, subject = {Spiegelteleskop}, language = {en} } @article{Doehring2008, author = {D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {From Heidelberg to Hawaii: SCHOTT's Century of Astronomy}, series = {400 Years of the Telescope Newsletter}, volume = {1}, journal = {400 Years of the Telescope Newsletter}, number = {9}, pages = {2 -- 7}, year = {2008}, subject = {Spiegelteleskop}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DoehringJedamzikWesterhoff2009, author = {D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Jedamzik, Ralf and Westerhoff, Thomas}, title = {Four decades of ZERODUR mirror substrates for astronomy}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE}, volume = {7281}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE}, number = {728103}, year = {2009}, subject = {Spiegelteleskop}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannNattermannDoehring2009, author = {Hartmann, Peter and Nattermann, Kurt and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {ZERODUR® glass ceramics for high stress applications}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE}, volume = {7425}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE}, number = {74250M}, year = {2009}, subject = {Spiegelteleskop}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DoehringHartmannLentes2009, author = {D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Hartmann, Peter and Lentes, Frank-Thomas}, title = {Heritage of ZERODUR® glass ceramic for space applications}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE}, volume = {7425}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE}, number = {74250L}, year = {2009}, subject = {Spiegelteleskop}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JedamzikDoehringJohannsson2009, author = {Jedamzik, Ralf and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Johannsson, Thoralf}, title = {CTE characterization of ZERODUR® for the ELT century}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE}, volume = {7425}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE}, number = {742504}, year = {2009}, subject = {Spiegelteleskop}, language = {en} } @article{DoehringSchreiber2009, author = {D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Schreiber, Ulrich}, title = {Glass ceramics - foundation for highest precision}, series = {Photonik international}, volume = {2009}, journal = {Photonik international}, number = {1}, pages = {17 -- 19}, year = {2009}, subject = {Glaskeramik}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KlingLucarelliHartmannetal.2009, author = {Kling, G{\"u}nther and Lucarelli, Stefano and Hartmann, Peter and Nattermann, Kurt and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Kuhr, Markus and Thomas, Peter}, title = {Double Ring Tests on ZERODUR K20 and Etched ZERODUR}, series = {Proceedings 11th European Conference on Spacecraft Structures, Materials and Mechanical Testing, 15-17 Sep 2009, Toulouse, France}, booktitle = {Proceedings 11th European Conference on Spacecraft Structures, Materials and Mechanical Testing, 15-17 Sep 2009, Toulouse, France}, year = {2009}, subject = {Spiegelteleskop}, language = {en} } @misc{HartmannDoehringSchaefer2009, author = {Hartmann, Peter and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Sch{\"a}fer, Martin}, title = {Glass Ceramic ZERODUR® for Space Application}, series = {DGaO-Proceedings}, volume = {2009}, journal = {DGaO-Proceedings}, issn = {1614-8436}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Poster}, subject = {Spiegelteleskop}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaakAbkeBorgeest2018, author = {Haak, Valentin and Abke, J{\"o}rg and Borgeest, Kai}, title = {Conception of a LEGO Mindstorms EV3 Simulation for Programming in C in computer science courses}, series = {2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {2165-9567}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363269}, pages = {478 -- 483}, year = {2018}, subject = {LEGO MindStorms}, language = {en} } @misc{HudecPinaMarsikovaetal.2018, author = {Hudec, Rene and Pina, Ladislav and Marsikova, Veronika and Inneman, Adolf and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {Lobster Eye X-ray Optics for Astrophysics: Recent Status}, editor = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r angewandte Optik,}, organization = {CVUT Prag}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2018}, abstract = {X-ray optics in LE (Lobster Eye) arrangement represent important part of future X-ray wide field telescopes and monitors. We will present some new results in the design, development, tests and applications of LE X-ray optics with emphasis on astrophysics.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgenteleskop}, language = {en} } @misc{HudecPinaMarsikovaetal.2018, author = {Hudec, Rene and Pina, Ladislav and Marsikova, Veronika and Inneman, Adolf and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {Kirkpatrick Baez X-ray Optics for Astrophysics: Recent Status}, editor = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r angewandte Optik,}, organization = {CVUT Prag}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2018}, abstract = {X-ray optics in KB (Kirkpatrick Baez) arrangement represent promising alternative to Wolter optics in common use. We will present some new results including KB module developed and tested in X-rays within the EU AHEAD project.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgenteleskop}, language = {en} } @article{ProbstBegouDoehringetal.2018, author = {Probst, Anne-Catherine and Begou, Thomas and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Zeising, Sebastian and Stollenwerk, Manfred and Stadtm{\"u}ller, Johannes and Emmerich, Florian and Lumeau, Julien}, title = {Coating stress analysis and compensation for iridium-based x-ray mirrors}, series = {Applied Optics}, volume = {2018}, journal = {Applied Optics}, number = {57 (29)}, editor = {Publishing OSA,}, pages = {8775 -- 8779}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Iridium-based coatings for mirrors of x-ray telescopes are studied. In particular, stress-induced deformation is characterized and shown to be compressive and equal to -1786  MPa. Two methods for stress compensation are then studied. One relies on the deposition of silica on the back surface of the substrate and a second one relies on the deposition of a chromium sublayer. Advantages and drawbacks of each of these techniques are presented.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgenteleskop}, language = {en} } @misc{DoehringProbullaKomziketal.2018, author = {D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Probulla, Theodor and Komzik, Richard and Mann, Michael and Sivanic, Peter and Stollenwerk, Manfred}, title = {Slovak-Bavarian collaboration on the development of telescope instrumentation}, editor = {Hambalek, Lubomir}, organization = {Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, pages = {1}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Within the project SLOBATCO (Slovak-Bavarian Telescope Collaboration) the Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences collaborate in the development and commissioning of the new {\O}1.3 m astronomical telescope and the corresponding scientific instrumentation. The project is funded by the Bavarian Academic Center for Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (BAYHOST). Technical work packages are targeting filter wheel software for the VIS camera, additional IR filters, and an upgrade of the mirror coating facility by additional sputtering equipment.}, subject = {Spiegelteleskop}, language = {en} } @article{LiebStark2018, author = {Lieb, Florian and Stark, Hans-Georg}, title = {Audio inpainting: Evaluation of time-frequency representations and structured sparsity approaches}, series = {Signal Processing}, volume = {2018}, journal = {Signal Processing}, number = {153}, pages = {291 -- 299}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Audio signals such as music are known to exhibit distinct and sparse time-frequency patterns. In particular, the short-time Fourier/Gabor transform is widely used for sparsely representing audio signals. In this contribution, such sparsity patterns are exploited to reconstruct missing samples. The quality of reconstruction is evaluated for various kinds of proximal splitting algorithms, time-frequency discretizations and sparsity enforcing constraints. Furthermore, given a time-frequency representation, we investigate the performance of synthesis vs. analysis approaches to the reconstruction problem. The equidistant discretization scheme of Gabor transforms is non-adaptive. It is plausible, that more flexible time-frequency representations like wavelets or ERBlets improve reconstruction of missing audio samples. The numerical results presented in this contribution confirm this conjecture and lead to good reconstruction results even for gaps of contiguously missing samples, whose size is notably larger than reported for inpainting experiments carried out previously.}, subject = {Zeit-Frequenz-Darstellung}, language = {en} } @article{ProbstStollenwerkEmmerichetal.2017, author = {Probst, Anne-Catherine and Stollenwerk, Manfred and Emmerich, Florian and B{\"u}ttner, Andre and Zeising, Sebastian and Stadtm{\"u}ller, Johannes and Riethm{\"u}ller, Franziska and Stehlikova, Veronika and Mingwu, Wen and Proserpio, Laura and Damm, Christine and Rellinghaus, Bernd and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {Influence of sputtering pressure on the nanostructure and the X-ray reflectivity of iridium coatings}, series = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, volume = {2017}, journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, number = {343}, issn = {0257-8972}, pages = {101 -- 107}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Reflective mirror coatings made of iridium are used in X-ray telescopes of the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) launched in 1999 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to investigate astronomical sources at photon energies below 10. keV. These coatings were produced in a DC magnetron sputtering process and have so far proven their suitability for space-based applications. We are considering in the present paper the processing of thin iridium films for lightweight telescopes using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique with an oblique angle deposition. The coating development presented here is focused on the influence of total sputtering pressure on film properties as well as on its impact on the mirror's performance. Characterisation methods such as X-ray diffractometry, X-ray reflectometry, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used. Correlations between morphology, density, surface micro-roughness, crystal structure of the iridium layer and the expected reflectivity of the X-ray mirror are described and discussed.}, subject = {Iridium}, language = {en} } @article{BuettnerProbstEmmerichetal.2018, author = {B{\"u}ttner, Andre and Probst, Anne-Catherine and Emmerich, Florian and Damm, Christine and Rellinghaus, Bernd and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Stollenwerk, Manfred}, title = {Influence of Sputtering Pressure on the Microstructure and Layer Properties of Iridium Thin Films}, series = {Thin Solid Films}, volume = {2018}, journal = {Thin Solid Films}, number = {662}, issn = {0040-6090}, pages = {41 -- 46}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Iridium layers with low stress, high density, and low surface roughness find widespread use in different high-technology applications. This paper presents a study of the influence of the sputtering pressure on the properties of iridium thin films and of its effect on the substrate surface microstructure. We analysed the dependence of the microstructure, crystalline structure, electrical resistivity, and deposition rate on the sputtering pressure and surface defects of the substrate. For the latter, plasma etching of the substrate was performed for different processing times and its effect on the surface roughness of substrates and, subsequently, on the grown iridium films, was examined. The sputtering pressure and the substrate plasma etching time both had a strong influence on the microstructure and surface roughness. These microstructural changes are in good agreement with the tendency described in the Thornton Structure-Zone Model for different sputtering pressures and the microstructure phase map of Alvarez. The electrical resistivity, deposition rate, and crystalline structure were highly dependent on the sputtering pressure.}, subject = {Iridium}, language = {en} } @article{StehlikovaProbstNentvichetal.2018, author = {Stehlikova, Veronika and Probst, Anne-Catherine and Nentvich, Ondrej and Urban, Martin and Sieger, Ladislav and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Hudec, Ren{\´e}}, title = {Study of multiple layers coatings for X-ray mirrors}, series = {Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnat{\´e} Pleso}, volume = {2018}, journal = {Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnat{\´e} Pleso}, number = {48}, editor = {Skopal, August{\´i}n}, pages = {488 -- 497}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This paper focuses on a theoretical background that motivated the experimental campaign of multiple layer coatings of X-ray mirrors, and the first results of the testing of the prepared samples. Simulations of the use of different overcoats were performed in order to improve the reflectivity of thin iridium coatings designed for X-ray optics effective in the energy up to 10 keV. Samples based on these simulations were prepared and are being tested for the properties that influence the X-ray optical performance, such as layer homogeneity, density and surface micro-roughness. Further the topic of the coating stress was addressed, as it is an issue in case of thin, lightweight X-ray mirrors and affects the time stability of layers. The discussion and preliminary results conclude our contribution.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgenspiegel}, language = {en} }