@article{AlvesCibadeOToutainetal.2024, author = {Alves, Caroline and Ciba, Manuel and de O Toutain, Thaise GL and Moura Porto, Joel Augusto and de Sena, Eduardo Pond{\´e} and Thielemann, Christiane and Rodrigues, Francisco A}, title = {On the advances in machine learning and complex network measures to an EEG dataset from DMT experiments}, series = {Journal of Physics: Complexity}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Complexity}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1088/2632-072X/ad1c68}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2024}, abstract = {There is a growing interest in the medical use of psychedelic substances, as preliminary studies using them for psychiatric disorders have shown positive results. In particular, one of these substances is N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an agonist serotonergic psychedelic that can induce profound alterations in the state of consciousness. In this work, we use an exploratory tool to reveal DMT-induced changes in brain activity using EEG data and provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of this psychedelic substance. We used a two-class classification based on (A) the connectivity matrix or (B) complex network measures derived from it as input to a support vector machine. We found that both approaches could detect changes in the brain's automatic activity, with case (B) showing the highest AUC (89\%), indicating that complex network measurements best capture the brain changes that occur due to DMT use. In the second step, we ranked the features that contributed the most to this result. For case (A), we found that differences in the high alpha, low beta, and delta frequency bands were most important in distinguishing between the state before and after DMT inhalation, which is consistent with the results described in the literature. Further, the connection between the temporal (TP8) and central cortex (C3) and between the precentral gyrus (FC5) and the lateral occipital cortex (P8) contributed most to the classification result. The connection between regions TP8 and C3 has been found in the literature associated with finger movements that might have occurred during DMT consumption. However, the connection between cortical areas FC5 and P8 has not been found in the literature and is presumably related to the volunteers' emotional, visual, sensory, perceptual, and mystical experiences during DMT consumption. For case (B), closeness centrality was the most crucial complex network measure. Furthermore, we discovered larger communities and longer average path lengths when DMT was used and the converse when not, showing that the balance between functional segregation and integration had been disrupted. These findings support the idea that cortical brain activity becomes more entropic under psychedelics. Overall, a robust computational workflow has been developed here with interpretability of how DMT (or other psychedelics) modify brain networks and insights into their mechanism of action. Finally, the same methodology applied here may help interpret EEG time series from patients who consumed other psychedelic drugs.}, subject = {Neuronales Netz}, language = {en} } @article{StierXuGoldetal.2024, author = {Stier, Simon P. and Xu, Xukuan and Gold, Lukas and M{\"o}ckel, Michael}, title = {Ontology-Based Battery Production Dataspace and Its Interweaving with Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Data Analytics}, series = {Energy Technology}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Energy Technology}, number = {2301305}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202301305}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, encompasses a variety of heart conditions that can result in sudden death for many people. Examples include high blood pressure, ischaemia, irregular heartbeats and pericardial effusion. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is frequently used to diagnose heart diseases, providing crucial information on how the heart functions. To analyse ECG signals, quantile graphs (QGs) is a method that maps a time series into a network based on the time-series fluctuation proprieties. Here, we demonstrate that the QG methodology can differentiate younger and older patients. Furthermore, we construct networks from the QG method and use machine-learning algorithms to perform the automatic diagnosis, obtaining high accuracy. Indeed, we verify that this method can automatically detect changes in the ECG of elderly and young subjects, with the highest classification performance for the adjacency matrix with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve close to one. The findings reported here confirm the QG method's utility in deciphering intricate, nonlinear signals like those produced by patient ECGs. Furthermore, we find a more significant, more connected and lower distribution of information networks associated with the networks from ECG data of the elderly compared with younger subjects. Finally, this methodology can be applied to other ECG data related to other diseases, such as ischaemia.}, subject = {Batterie}, language = {en} } @article{TrentThielemannMonici2024, author = {Trent, Davis and Thielemann, Christiane and Monici, Monica}, title = {How are cell and tissue structure and function influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms?}, series = {npj Microgravity}, volume = {2014}, journal = {npj Microgravity}, number = {10 / 16}, doi = {10.1038/s41526-024-00357-9}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Progress in mechanobiology allowed us to better understand the important role of mechanical forces in the regulation of biological processes. Space research in the field of life sciences clearly showed that gravity plays a crucial role in biological processes. The space environment offers the unique opportunity to carry out experiments without gravity, helping us not only to understand the effects of gravitational alterations on biological systems but also the mechanisms underlying mechanoperception and cell/tissue response to mechanical and gravitational stresses. Despite the progress made so far, for future space exploration programs it is necessary to increase our knowledge on the mechanotransduction processes as well as on the molecular mechanisms underlying microgravity-induced cell and tissue alterations. This white paper reports the suggestions and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community for the elaboration of the section of the European Space Agency roadmap "Biology in Space and Analogue Environments" focusing on "How are cells and tissues influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms?" The knowledge gaps that prevent the Science Community from fully answering this question and the activities proposed to fill them are discussed.}, subject = {Zellkultur}, language = {en} } @article{KeferLimbachPapeetal.2024, author = {Kefer, Stefan and Limbach, Tobias and Pape, Natalie and Klamt, Kathrin and Schmauss, Bernhard and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Birefringence in Injection-Molded Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Substrates and Its Impact on Integrated Photonic Structures}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {16}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {2}, doi = {10.3390/polym16020168}, pages = {168 -- 168}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This contribution quantifies the birefringence within injection-molded cyclic olefin copolymer plates and discusses its impact on the mechanical properties of the plates. It also focuses on the impact of birefringence on integrated waveguides and Bragg gratings and provides fabrication guidelines for such structures. The anisotropy in all three dimensions of the workpiece is examined by means of polarimetry and a prism coupler. It is found that the birefringence is inhomogenously distributed within the workpieces, whereas the maximum birefringence not only varies locally, but also depends on the observation direction. Overall, a maximum birefringence of 10 × 10-4 is found at the plate's surface near the injection gate. The anisotropy then reduces exponentially towards the center of the workpiece and saturates at 1.8 × 10-4, in a depth of 0.4 mm. Thus, the birefringence strongly affects near-surface photonic structures. It is found that, depending on their orientation and the local birefringence of the substrate, waveguides and Bragg gratings fabricated with comparable parameters behave completely differently in terms of polarization-dependent optical attenuation, cross-sectional intensity distribution and Bragg reflection signal. For example, the support of the TM mode can vary between total loss and an optical attenuation of 0.9 dB × cm-1. In consequence, this study underlines the importance of quantifying the birefringent state of an injection-molded cyclic olefin copolymer workpiece if it is supposed to serve as a substrate for integrated photonic structures. The study furthermore demonstrates that birefringence effects can be omitted by burying the photonic structures deeper into the volume of the thermoplastic.}, subject = {Bragg-Reflektor}, language = {en} } @article{DobrovolskijStark2024, author = {Dobrovolskij, Dascha and Stark, Hans-Georg}, title = {Synthetic demand data generation for individual electricity consumers: Inpainting}, series = {Energy and AI}, volume = {15}, journal = {Energy and AI}, number = {Januar 2024}, pages = {100312 -- 100320}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this contribution we deal with the problem of producing "reasonable" data, when considering recorded energy consumption data, which are at certain sections incomplete and/or erroneous. This task is important, when energy providers employ prediction models for expected energy consumption, which are based on past recorded consumption data, which then of course should be reliable and valid. In a related contribution Yilmaz (2022), GAN-based methods for producing such "artificial data" have been investigated. In this contribution, we describe an alternative and complementary method based on signal inpainting, which has been successfully applied to audio processing Lieb and Stark (2018). After giving a short overview of the theory of proximity-based convex optimization, we describe and adapt an iterative inpainting scheme to our problem. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated by analyzing real-world-data provided by a German energy supplier.}, subject = {Energieverbrauch}, language = {en} } @article{RaiynWeidl2024, author = {Raiyn, Jamal and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Predicting Autonomous Driving Behavior through Human Factor Considerations in Safety-Critical Events}, series = {Smart Cities}, volume = {7}, journal = {Smart Cities}, number = {1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ smartcities7010018}, pages = {460 -- 474}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This paper investigates the ability of autonomous driving systems to predict outcomes by considering human factors like gender, age, and driving experience, particularly in the context of safety-critical events. The primary objective is to equip autonomous vehicles with the capacity to make plausible deductions, handle conflicting data, and adjust their responses in real-time during safety-critical situations. A foundational dataset, which encompasses various driving scenarios such as lane changes, merging, and navigating complex intersections, is employed to enable vehicles to exhibit appropriate behavior and make sound decisions in critical safety events. The deep learning model incorporates personalized cognitive agents for each driver, considering their distinct preferences, characteristics, and requirements. This personalized approach aims to enhance the safety and efficiency of autonomous driving, contributing to the ongoing development of intelligent transportation systems. The efforts made contribute to advancements in safety, efficiency, and overall performance within autonomous driving systems. To describe the causal relationship between external factors like weather conditions and human factors, and safety-critical driver behaviors, various data mining techniques can be applied. One commonly used method is regression analysis. Additionally, correlation analysis is employed to reveal relationships between different factors, helping to identify the strength and direction of their impact on safety-critical driver behavior. Keywords: car following; decision making; driving behavior; naturalistic driving studies; safety-critical events; cognitive vehicles 1. Introduction Despite the increasing prevalence of vehicle automation, the persistently high number of car crashes remains a concern. Safety-critical events in human-driven scenarios have become more intricate and partially uncontrollable due to unforeseen circumstances. Investigating human driving behavior is imperative to establish traffic baselines for mixed traffic, encompassing traditional, automated, and autonomous vehicles (AVs). Various factors, such as weather conditions affecting visibility in longitudinal car-following (CF) behavior [1,2], influence human driving behavior [3]. Car-following behavior, illustrating how a following vehicle responds to the lead vehicle in the same lane, is a crucial aspect. Existing car-following models often make assumptions about homogeneous drivers, neglecting significant heterogeneity in driving experience, gender, character, emotions, and sociological, psychological, and physiological traits. Failing to account for this heterogeneity hampers a comprehensive understanding of car-following behavior, limiting model accuracy and applicability. In the development of more realistic car-following models for mixed traffic, acknowledging the diversity among drivers is crucial. By including individual variations such as risk-taking tendencies, reaction times, decision-making processes, and driving styles, the modeling of real-world driving complexities can be improved. Simplifying drivers into a few categories overlooks the richness and variety of their characteristics, prompting the need for a more comprehensive approach to capture nuances within different driver profiles. To address these Smart Cities}, subject = {Autonomes Fahrzeug}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RoetzelFehrenbacher2024, author = {R{\"o}tzel, Peter and Fehrenbacher, Dennis}, title = {Information Overload in Decision Support Systems}, series = {International Symposium on Accounting Information Systems}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Accounting Information Systems}, address = {Paphos}, year = {2024}, subject = {Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzungssystem}, language = {en} } @article{FlachsZhukovZechetal.2024, author = {Flachs, Dennis and Zhukov, Sergey and Zech, Isabella and Schreck, Timo and Belle, Stefan and von Seggern, Heiinz and Kupnik, Mario and Altmann, Alexander Anton and Thielemann, Christiane}, title = {Enzymatic Self-Degradable PLA-Based Electrets}, series = {Journal of Polymers and the Environment}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Journal of Polymers and the Environment}, number = {1}, doi = {Journal of https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03240-6}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In recent years, the demand for sustainable and degradable materials and electronic devices has increased significantly. Among a range of biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a good alternative to conventional petrol-based polymers because of its attractive mechanical properties and its easy processability. Recently, PLA has also been described as a promising dielectric material with piezoelectric and electret properties. We expect that PLA—after further optimization— will play an important role as a material for environmentally friendly sensors in the future, where first applications such as air filters and pressure sensors have already been proposed. However, degradation under normal ambient conditions is very slow, and an accelerated and controllable degradation process is highly desirable for any type of PLA-based sensors. Enzymatic hydrolysis with embedded enzymes has been proposed as an approach to accelerate and control degradation. In this work, we investigate the properties of PLA in terms of dielectric and mechanical properties with a focus on its ability to store charges after the enzyme proteinase K (Trit. album) has been incorporated. Results reveal that proteinase K has a positive effect on the charge stability of solvent-cast PLA electrets after complete evaporation of the solvent. Furthermore, we observed a concentration-dependent acceleration of mass loss in a Tris-HCl buffer. A fast degradation within only one day occurred at a concentration of 6 wt\% proteinase K.}, subject = {Biologisch abbaubarer Kunststoff}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SauerHoppeBruhm2024, author = {Sauer, Jonas and Hoppe, Florian and Bruhm, Hartmut}, title = {Modellierung des Antriebsstrangs einer Textilmaschine zum Zweck der modellbasierten Steuerung}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2024, 20. Konferenz}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2024, 20. Konferenz}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33968/2024.33}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Zur Produktion von gewirkten Textilien werden mehrere Nadeln auf eine Legebarre gesetzt, die durch Servoantriebe positioniert werden. Aufgrund der erzwungenen Bewegung kann der Antriebsstrang bei hohen Drehzahlen zur Schwingung angeregt werden. Die richtige Wahl der Steuerkurven ist daher eine sehr wichtige und anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, die durch ein Antriebsstrangmodell unterst{\"u}tzt werden soll. Daf{\"u}r wird am Beispiel eines Teststands ein Modell des Antriebsstranges in MATLAB/Simulink® entwickelt. F{\"u}r das Antriebsstrangmodell m{\"u}ssen eine geeignete Modellordnung und Modellparameter gew{\"a}hlt werden. Die unbekannten Modellparameter werden durch eine Parameteridentifikation ermittelt. Mit einer Validierung wird ein geeignetes Anregungsspektrum f{\"u}r die Bestimmung der Modellordnung und die Parameteridentifikation ermittelt.}, subject = {Textilmaschine}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SmeetsRoetzel2024, author = {Smeets, Mario and R{\"o}tzel, Peter}, title = {The Moderating Role of Non-Monetary Gamification in Reducing Algorithm Aversion in the Adoption of AI-based Decision Support Systems}, series = {ECIS - European Conference on Information Systems}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {ECIS - European Conference on Information Systems}, number = {1}, pages = {1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into decision-making processes is key to improving organizational performance. However, trust in AI-based decision support systems (DSSs), similar to other information systems, is important for successful integration. A disruptive phenomenon, "algorithm aversion", can impede AI trust and, thus, acceptance. Although AI recommendations outperform human recommendations in different decision-making fields, individuals underweight recommendations from AI-based DSSs compared to human decision-makers due to a lack of AI trust. We conducted a lab experiment to investigate the role of AI recommendations in workplace-related tasks, first focusing on the mediating effect of AI trust and the negative impact of algorithm aversion on decision-making performance and the moderating effect of technical competence. Second, we analyzed the ability of gamification to reduce this phenomenon. We provide evidence regarding how to enhance decision-making performance when AI recommendations are deployed and identify countermeasures against algorithm aversion to facilitate the adoption of AI-based DSSs.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @techreport{JostMink2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jost, Thomas and Mink, Reimund}, title = {Central bank losses and commercial bank profits - unexpected and unfair?}, series = {IMFS Working Paper Series No. 199}, journal = {IMFS Working Paper Series No. 199}, pages = {35}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The Eurosystem and the Deutsche Bundesbank will incur substantial losses in 2023 that are likely to persist for several years. Due to the massive purchases of securities in the last 10 years, especially of government bonds, the banks' excess reserves have risen sharply. The resulting high interest payments to the banks since the turnaround in monetary poli-cy, with little income for the large-scale securities holdings, led to massive criticism. The banks were said to be making "unfair" profits as a result, while the fiscal authorities had to forego the previously customary transfers of central bank profits. Populist demands to limit bank profits by, for example, drastically increasing the minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem to reduce excess reserves are creating new severe problems and are neither justified nor helpful. Ultimately, the EU member states have benefited for a very long time from historically low interest rates because of the Eurosystem's extraordinary loose monetary policy and must now bear the flip side consequences of the massive expansion of central bank balance sheets during the necessary period of monetary policy normalisa-tion.}, subject = {Notenbank}, language = {en} } @misc{JostMink2024, author = {Jost, Thomas and Mink, Reimund}, title = {How to deal with the negative effects of inflated central bank balance sheets?}, organization = {SUERF}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Due to the massive purchases of securities in the last 15 years central banks incur substantial losses likely to persist for several years. On the other hand, the banking sector gains large profits from interest payments on their excess reserves holdings. Central banks and fiscal authorities must now bear the flip side consequences of their bond purchase programs. Populist demands to limit bank profits by drastically increasing minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem are creating new severe problems. Instead, a consistent and faster normalisation of central bank balance sheets would be desirable. Central banks should also no longer be central players in government bond markets to restore the lost boundaries between fiscal and monetary policy.}, subject = {Europ{\"a}ische Zentralbank}, language = {en} } @book{HofmannScheidler2024, author = {Hofmann, Georg Rainer and Scheidler, Percy}, title = {Chief Qualification Officer (CQO) und Weiterbildungsmentoren}, isbn = {978-3-9826305-0-2}, pages = {32}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Alte Weisheiten wie „Schuster bleib bei deinem Leisten!" oder auch „Was das H{\"a}nschen nicht lernt, das lernt der Hans nimmermehr" haben in der heutigen, sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt ihren Sinn verloren. Das bedeutet, dass sich die komplette Belegschaft lebenslang weiterbilden muss, idealerweise mit Unterst{\"u}tzung des Arbeitgebers. In der Ver{\"o}ffentlichung "Chief Qualification Officers (CQOs) und Weiterbildungsmentoren - Thesen und Argumente" wird unter anderem das paradoxe Verh{\"a}ltnis von Arbeitslosigkeit und Fachkr{\"a}ftemangel erl{\"a}utert, das Marktversagen im Weiterbildungsmarkt beschrieben und die Forderung nach einem Weiterbildungsbeauftragten (CQO) begr{\"u}ndet.}, subject = {Weiterbildung}, language = {de} } @article{SzewczykMoniciThielemann2024, author = {Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. and Monici, Monica and Thielemann, Christiane}, title = {How to obtain an integrated picture of the molecular networks involved in adaptation to microgravity in different biological systems?}, series = {npj Microgravity}, volume = {2024}, journal = {npj Microgravity}, number = {10}, doi = {DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00395-3}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Periodically, the European Space Agency (ESA) updates scientific roadmaps in consultation with the scientific community. The ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper (SSCWP) 9, "Biology in Space and Analogue Environments", focusses in 5 main topic areas, aiming to address key community-identified knowledge gaps in Space Biology. Here we present one of the identified topic areas, which is also an unanswered question of life science research in Space: "How to Obtain an Integrated Picture of the Molecular Networks Involved in Adaptation to Microgravity in Different Biological Systems?" The manuscript reports the main gaps of knowledge which have been identified by the community in the above topic area as well as the approach the community indicates to address the gaps not yet bridged. Moreover, the relevance that these research activities might have for the space exploration programs and also for application in industrial and technological fields on Earth is briefly discussed.}, subject = {Weltraumforschung}, language = {en} } @article{SallumAlvesThielemannetal.2024, author = {Sallum, Loriz Francisco and Alves, Caroline and Thielemann, Christiane and Rodrigues, Francisco A.}, title = {Revealing patterns in major depressive disorder with machine learning and networks}, series = {medrxiv}, volume = {2024}, journal = {medrxiv}, number = {1}, doi = {doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.07.24308619}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. There is an urgent need for an automated and objective method to detect MDD due to the limitations of traditional diagnostic approaches. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on machine and deep learning to classify patients with MDD and identify altered functional connectivity patterns from EEG data. We compare several connectivity metrics and machine learning algorithms. Complex network measures are used to identify structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Using Spearman correlation for network construction and the SVM classifier, we verify that it is possible to identify MDD patients with high accuracy, exceeding literature results. The SHAP (SHAPley Additive Explanations) summary plot highlights the importance of C4-F8 connections and also reveals dysfunction in certain brain areas and hyperconnectivity in others. Despite the lower performance of the complex network measures for the classification problem, assortativity was found to be a promising biomarker. Our findings suggest that understanding and diagnosing MDD may be aided by the use of machine learning methods and complex networks.}, subject = {Depression}, language = {en} } @article{SauerGorksSpielmannetal.2023, author = {Sauer, Timm and Gorks, Manuel and Spielmann, Luca and Zindler, Klaus and Jumar, Ulrich}, title = {Adaptive self-learning controllers with disturbance compensation for automatic track guidance of industrial trucks}, series = {SICE Journal of Control, Measurement and System Integration}, volume = {2023}, journal = {SICE Journal of Control, Measurement and System Integration}, number = {Vol. 16, No. 1}, doi = {10.1080/18824889.2023.2183009}, pages = {84 -- 97}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This paper presents an extended control concept for automatic track guidance of industrial trucks in intralogistic systems. It is based on Reinforcement Learning (RL), a method of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The presented approach is able to adapt itself to different industrial truck variants and to the associated specific vehicle parameters. In order to avoid starting the whole training of the controller for each truck variant from scratch, the training process is divided into two steps. In the first step, the controller is trained on a simplified linear model using parameters of a nominal vehicle variant. Based on this, the control parameters are only fine-tuned in the second step using a more complex nonlinear model, representing the real industrial truck. In this way, the controller is adapted to the actual truck variant and the corresponding parameter values. By using the nonlinear model, it can be ensured that the forklift's dynamic is approximated within the entire operating range, even at high steering angles. Moreover, the influence of the disturbance variable of the system (path curvature) is compensated by considering this a priori knowledge within the control design. Therefore, the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) of the RL controller and the observation vector are suitably adjusted. In this way, the occurring path curvatures can be considered in both training steps and the control parameters can be optimized accordingly. Thus, the influence of the disturbance variable can be compensated, which significantly improves the control quality. In order to demonstrate this, the new approach is compared to an RL control concept, which is not considering the disturbance variable and to a classical two-degrees-of-freedom (2DoF) control approach.}, subject = {Flurf{\"o}rderer}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeberPedellRoetzel2023, author = {Weber, Maximilian and Pedell, Burkhard and R{\"o}tzel, Peter}, title = {Resilience-Oriented Management Control Systems as a Translation Mechanism of Resilience Strategy into Managerial Action—A Systematic Review}, series = {45th Annual Congress of the European Accounting Association}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {45th Annual Congress of the European Accounting Association}, number = {45}, pages = {1 -- 43}, year = {2023}, subject = {Management}, language = {en} } @article{AlvesToutainAguiaretal.2023, author = {Alves, Caroline and Toutain, Thaise and Aguiar, Patricia and Pineda, Aruane M. and Roster, Kirstin and Thielemann, Christiane and Porto, Joel and Rodrigues, Francisco A.}, title = {Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder based on functional brain networks and machine learning}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {13/8072}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34650-6}, pages = {1 -- 20}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Autism is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition whose accurate diagnosis may be challenging because the associated symptoms and severity vary considerably. The wrong diagnosis can affect families and the educational system, raising the risk of depression, eating disorders, and self-harm. Recently, many works have proposed new methods for the diagnosis of autism based on machine learning and brain data. However, these works focus on only one pairwise statistical metric, ignoring the brain network organization. In this paper, we propose a method for the automatic diagnosis of autism based on functional brain imaging data recorded from 500 subjects, where 242 present autism spectrum disorder considering the regions of interest throughout Bootstrap Analysis of Stable Cluster map. Our method can distinguish the control group from autism spectrum disorder patients with high accuracy. Indeed the best performance provides an AUC near 1.0, which is higher than that found in the literature. We verify that the left ventral posterior cingulate cortex region is less connected to an area in the cerebellum of patients with this neurodevelopment disorder, which agrees with previous studies. The functional brain networks of autism spectrum disorder patients show more segregation, less distribution of information across the network, and less connectivity compared to the control cases. Our workflow provides medical interpretability and can be used on other fMRI and EEG data, including small data sets.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{ThielemannKrstićJuettneretal.2023, author = {Thielemann, Christiane and Krstić, Nenad and J{\"u}ttner, Jens and Giegerich, Lars and Mayer, Margot and Knuth, Monika and M{\"u}ller, Achim}, title = {3D printed biosensor for continuous glucose measurement in cell cultures}, series = {Annals of 3D Printed Medicine}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Annals of 3D Printed Medicine}, number = {-}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stlm.2023.100111}, pages = {- -- -}, year = {2023}, abstract = {A novel 3D-printed glucose sensor is presented for cell culture application. Glucose sensing was performed using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay principle based on ConA and dextran. Both molecules are encapsulated in alginate microspheres and embedded in the UV-curable, stable hydrogel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The rheology of the formulation was adapted to obtain good properties for an extrusion-based printing process. The printed sensor structures were tested for their ability to detect glucose in vitro. A proportional increase in fluorescence intensity was observed in a concentration range of 0 - 2 g/L glucose. Tests with HEK cell cultures also showed good cell compatibility and excellent adhesion properties on plasma-treated Petri dishes. The printed sensors were able to detect the glucose decay associated with the metabolic activities of the fast-growing HEK cells in the cell culture medium over ten days. The proof-of-principle study shows that metabolic processes in cell cultures can be monitored with the new printed sensor using a standard fluorescence wide-field microscope.}, subject = {Biosensor}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RoetzelBustorffKokott2023, author = {R{\"o}tzel, Peter and Bustorff, Naomi and Kokott, Peter}, title = {Analysis of the Impact of Recommendations from Intelligent Expert Systems on Personal Trust and Decision-Making Performance}, year = {2023}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @article{RoetzelRoetzel2023, author = {R{\"o}tzel, Peter and Roetzel, Lina}, title = {"Tis Early Practice only Makes the Master": Nature and Nurture in Economic Thinking During School Time - A Research Note on Economics Education}, series = {Open Education Studies}, volume = {6}, journal = {Open Education Studies}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1515/edu-2022-0188}, pages = {1 -- 14}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In this article, we contribute to the longstanding debate among economists regarding the question of "nature or nurture" with respect to economics students' attitudes toward various allocation mechanisms for a scarce resource. While previous research starts the debate by beginning with first-year economics students, we aim to evaluate pre-firstyear individuals, i.e., school pupils. Drawing on the seminal works of Haucap, J., \& Just, T. (2010). Not guilty? Another look at the nature and nurture of economics students. European Journal of Law and Economics, 29(2), 239-254 and Frey, B. S., Pommerehne,W.W., \& Gygi, B. (1993). Economics indoctrination or selection? Some empirical results. The Journal of Economic Education, 24(3), 271-281, we investigate a sample of pupils ranging from the 5th to the 13th grades to determine whether pupils are "born economists" (nature), develop economic thinking (nurture), or both. We find that young individuals start to think differently in early grades and that their thinking and attitudes are shaped differently throughout their school careers, thereby providing support for the effects of both nature and nurture. Our findings show that school time impacts fairness judgments, particularly regarding price mechanisms. Regarding learning or indoctrination, we find that economics-inclined pupils are positively affected by lessons in economics in school, while pupils who are economics-averse draw completely diametric conclusions from economics lessons, thereby exhibiting increased disapproval of price allocation over the course of these classes and increased approval of the first come, first served and governmental action mechanisms.Moreover, we find strong effects of gender and migration background in this context. This study is the first to elucidate the development of economic thinking in 5th-13th grade pupils. Our results are important for economists, educators, and researchers because they can serve as a starting point for subsequent investigations in this under-researched field.}, subject = {Wirtschaftliches Verhalten}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchreiberKaetkerBuschetal.2023, author = {Schreiber, Kai and K{\"a}tker, Anna and Busch, Uwe and Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {A guided tour of the Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum: displaying X-ray history}, series = {SPIE Proceedings}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {SPIE Proceedings}, number = {12576}, publisher = {SPIE}, organization = {TH Aschaffenburg}, doi = {doi: 10.1117/12.2665419}, pages = {125760A-1 -- 125760A-9}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In 1895, Professor Wilhelm Conrad R{\"o}ntgen detected a new type of radiation that was able to penetrate solid materials, which he called X-rays. In 1901 R{\"o}ntgen received the first Nobel Prize in physics in honour of this ground breaking discovery. The Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum (DRM) in Remscheid (Germany) is the institution that uniquely and comprehensively explores and documents the life and work of W. C. R{\"o}ntgen and the impact of his discovery. The DRM's location in Remscheid is not coincidental, with R{\"o}ntgen's birthplace only a short walk away from the exhibits. Every visit to the museum amounts to a unique expedition through the worlds of medicine, science and technology. The museum's emphasis on the diversity of R{\"o}ntgen's invention by a multilingual, multi-medial approach enables all visitors to make their own personal discoveries. The Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum in Remscheid is a must-see for X-ray scientists from anywhere in the world. This contribution provides an insight into the history of X-rays and offers a guided tour of the Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum and its exhibits.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StanikDoehringSchreiberetal.2023, author = {Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Schreiber, Kai and K{\"a}tker, Anna and Busch, Uwe}, title = {The R{\"o}ntgen Medal: honouring X-ray excellence}, series = {SPIE Proceedings}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {SPIE Proceedings}, number = {12576}, publisher = {SPIE}, organization = {TH Aschaffenburg}, doi = {doi: 10.1117/12.2665424}, pages = {1257608-1 -- 1257608-8}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Starting in 1951, the 50th anniversary of the award of the first Nobel Prize for physics to Wilhelm Conrad R{\"o}ntgen, the Lord Mayor of the German City of Remscheid has given out R{\"o}ntgen Medals. The R{\"o}ntgen Medal annually honours scientists who "in the broadest sense have made a special contribution to the progress and dissemination of X-ray discoveries in the theoretical and applied sciences". The R{\"o}ntgen Medal has become highly recognized in the scientific world. To date, more than one hundred excellent scientists have received the honour. Through their chronology, this contribution presents a "Who's Who" of X-ray science and provides selected insights into their scientific work; with the fields of X-ray optics and X-ray astronomy receiving special focus.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PomahacHudecDoehring2023, author = {Pomahac, Vit and Hudec, Rene and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {CubeSat tandem flight for asteroid surveillance}, series = {SPIE Proceedings}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {SPIE Proceedings}, number = {12576}, publisher = {SPIE}, organization = {CVUT Prague}, doi = {doi: 10.1117/12.2672396}, pages = {125760H-1 -- 125760H-5}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Conventional mining might not be sufficient to support the growth of humankind which is heavily dependent upon rare materials in technical applications. Asteroid mining might be an answer, with Near-Earth objects (NEOs) being the first targets. However, the first step in the asteroid mining cascade is to probe reachable asteroids. Moreover, to identify the best candidates for further activities hundreds to thousands of asteroids must be screened. The fast progressing development of CubeSats might allow the space community to do the initial in-situ screening in a minimalistical and economical manner. Additionally, formation flying might enable the miniaturization of optical payloads for asteroid composition analysis in CubeSats. The recent developments in formation flying are summarised in this study and the possibility of utilizing formation flying CubeSats for asteroid surveillance explored.}, subject = {Planetoid}, language = {en} } @misc{BuschKaetkerSchreiberetal.2023, author = {Busch, Uwe and K{\"a}tker, Anna and Schreiber, Kai and Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {Hommage auf einen bedeutenden Wissenschaftler - das Deutsche R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, series = {DGaO Jahrestagung}, volume = {2023}, journal = {DGaO Jahrestagung}, publisher = {DGaO}, organization = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In diesem Jahr j{\"a}hrte sich der Todestag von Wilhelm Conrad R{\"o}ntgen, gestorben am 10. Februar 1923, zum hundertsten Mal. Dieser Beitrag ist eine Hommage auf diesen bedeutenden deutschen Wissenschaftler. 1895 entdeckte er eine neue Art von Strahlung, welche in der Lage ist, feste Materialien zu durchdringen. 1901 erhielt Professor R{\"o}ntgen f{\"u}r diese bahnbrechende Entdeckung den ersten Nobelpreis f{\"u}r Physik. Das Deutsche R{\"o}ntgen-Museum (DRM) erforscht und dokumentiert das Leben und Werk von W. C. R{\"o}ntgen und die Auswirkungen seiner Entdeckung auf eine einzigartige und umfassende Weise. Der Standort des DRM in Remscheid ist kein Zufall, denn R{\"o}ntgens Geburtshaus liegt nur wenige Gehminuten von den Exponaten entfernt. Die Betonung der Vielfalt von R{\"o}ntgens Erfindung durch das Museum mit einer multimedialen Herangehensweise erm{\"o}glicht es den Besuchern, hier ihre ganz pers{\"o}nlichen Entdeckungen zu machen. Jeder Museumsbesuch wird so zu einer einzigartigen Entdeckungsreise durch die Welt der Medizin, Wissenschaft und Technik. Dieser Beitrag w{\"u}rdigt das Lebenswerk von Professor Wilhelm Conrad R{\"o}ntgen und gibt einen Einblick in die Geschichte der R{\"o}ntgenstrahlen und ihre Anwendungsgebiete.}, subject = {Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, language = {de} } @misc{KaetkerSchreiberBuschetal.2023, author = {K{\"a}tker, Anna and Schreiber, Kai and Busch, Uwe and Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {Unsichtbares erkunden - Experimente im Museumslabor des Deutschen R{\"o}ntgen-Museums}, series = {DGaO Jahrestagung}, volume = {2023}, journal = {DGaO Jahrestagung}, publisher = {DGaO}, organization = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2023}, abstract = {„Freude habe ich nur, solange ich es mit dem Experimentieren zu tun habe", schrieb Wilhelm Conrad R{\"o}ntgen am 9.6.1920 an Margret Boveri. Das Deutsche R{\"o}ntgen-Museum und das Remscheider R{\"o}ntgengymnasium geben getreu diesem Motto Kindern und Jugendlichen die M{\"o}glichkeit, selbst aktiv zu werden, zu experimentieren und so auf den Spuren dieses bedeutenden Forschers zu wandeln. Hierzu wurde am 8. November 2011, einem Jahrestag der Entdeckung der R{\"o}ntgenstrahlen, das Museumslabor R{\"o}Lab gegr{\"u}ndet. Dort werden Themenbr{\"u}cken in das t{\"a}gliche Leben geschlagen und so Lernprozesse im MINT-Bereich f{\"u}r die jungen Forschenden anregend, attraktiv und nachhaltig erlebbar. Das R{\"o}Lab versteht sich als ein {\"u}berregionales, außerschulisches Bildungsangebot, das Begeisterung f{\"u}r Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, Medizin und Medizintechnik an unterschiedliche Zielgruppen vermittelt und damit einen Beitrag zur Allgemeinbildung und MINT-F{\"o}rderung leistet. Das didaktische Konzept nimmt den „Hands-on-Science" Gedanken stringent auf, weckt den Forschergeist und erm{\"o}glicht es den Lernenden, Unsichtbares zu erkunden. Dieser Beitrag stellt das Museumslabor R{\"o}Lab des Deutschen R{\"o}ntgen-Museums vor.}, subject = {Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, language = {de} } @misc{HudecPomahacDoehringetal.2023, author = {Hudec, Ren{\´e} and Pomahac, Vit and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Stanik, Eva and Klaus, Schilling}, title = {Space Telescopes based on Satellite Tandem Flights}, series = {DGaO Jahrstagung}, volume = {2023}, journal = {DGaO Jahrstagung}, publisher = {DGaO}, organization = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Due to the recent progress in satellite control engineering, tandem flight arrangements of mini-satellites are currently in discussion and under consideration for future space missions. CubeSat technologies offer an interesting possibility for space-born telescope payloads based on this approach. In such a scenario, two small satellites will fly at a constant distance of a few meters up to 100 meters. Thereby, the front satellite will carry the telescope optics and the second satellite the detector system. Related formation flight requirements were addressed in the NetSat-Mission, composed of four 3U-CubeSats, launched 2020. Space technology challenges concern in particular orbit control by an appropriate propulsion system as well as precision attitude pointing towards the joint target, and could be transferred from the NetSat-mission to the proposed Tandem Mission. This will allow space-based telescopes with a long focal length even placed on board of small or miniature CubeSat-type satellites. Cost effective Kirkpatrick-Baez type X-ray telescopes represent an important application here as they have longer focal lengths compared to previous astronomical observatories using Wolter I type X-ray mirrors.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgenteleskop}, language = {en} } @techreport{SchorkSchleissMahetal.2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Schork, Sabrina and Schleiss, Johannes and Mah, Dana-Kristin and B{\"o}hme, Katrin and Fischer, David and Mesenh{\"o}ller, Janne and Paaßen, Benjamin and Schrumpf, Johannes}, title = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in der Bildung: Drei Zukunftsszenarien und f{\"u}nf Handlungsfelder}, volume = {Diskussionspapier / M{\"a}rz 2023}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die voranschreitende Digitalisierung und insbesondere der Einsatz von K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Bildung er{\"o}ffnen neue M{\"o}glichkeiten des Lernens. Bildung kann st{\"a}rker individuell sowie zeitlich und r{\"a}umlich entgrenzt stattfinden. ChatGPT verdeutlicht, wie dynamisch die Entwicklungen im Bereich KI sind. Das in Zunahme begriffene Interesse am Thema KI allgemein sowie KI in der Bildung kommt dem erforderlichen Austausch zwischen zentralen Akteur:innen zugute. Dieses Diskussionspapier pr{\"a}sentiert drei Zukunftsszenarien f{\"u}r den Einsatz von KI in der institutionellen Bildung: Hochschule, Weiterbildung und Schule. Im Fokus stehen die {\"u}bergeordneten Fragestellungen nach Voraussetzungen und Gelingensbedingungen einer erfolgreichen Anwendung sowie nach gemeinsamen Handlungsfeldern f{\"u}r zentrale Stakeholder. F{\"u}nf Handlungsfelder f{\"u}r den Einsatz von KI in institutioneller Bildung sind auf Grundlage der skizzierten Zukunftsszenarien hervorzuheben: (1) Interdisziplin{\"a}re Zusammenarbeit, (2) Qualifizierungsangebote und Kompetenzentwicklung, (3) Digitale Infrastruktur und Personal, (4) Ethik und Datensouver{\"a}nit{\"a}t sowie (5) Interoperabilit{\"a}t von Daten in Bildungskontexten. Ziel des vorliegenden Diskussionspapiers ist es, den kooperativen Austausch zwischen relevanten Stakeholdern anzuregen.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KaetkerSchreiberBuschetal.2023, author = {K{\"a}tker, Anna and Schreiber, Kai and Busch, Uwe and Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {Unsichtbares erkunden - Experimente im Museumslabor R{\"o}Lab des Deutschen R{\"o}ntgen-Museums}, volume = {2023}, number = {124}, publisher = {DGaO Proceedings}, organization = {Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, issn = {1614-8436}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Das R{\"o}Lab versteht sich als ein {\"u}berregionales, außerschulisches Bildungsangebot, das Begeisterung f{\"u}r Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, Medizin und Medizintechnik an unterschiedliche Zielgruppen vermittelt und damit einen Beitrag zur Allgemeinbildung und MINT-F{\"o}rderung leistet. Das didaktische Konzept nimmt den „Hands-on-Science" Gedanken stringent auf, weckt den Forschergeist und erm{\"o}glicht es den Lernenden, Unsichtbares zu erkunden.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BuschKaetkerSchreiberetal.2023, author = {Busch, Uwe and K{\"a}tker, Anna and Schreiber, Kai and Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten}, title = {Hommage auf einen bedeutenden Wissenschaftler - das Deutsche R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, series = {DGaO Proceedings}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {DGaO Proceedings}, number = {124}, publisher = {DGaO}, organization = {Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, issn = {1614-8436}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2023}, abstract = {2023 j{\"a}hrte sich der Todestag von Wilhelm Conrad R{\"o}ntgen zum einhundertsten Mal. Im Jahr 1895 entdeckte er eine neue Art von Strahlung, die feste Materialien durchdringen kann. 1901 erhielt er f{\"u}r diese Entdeckung den ersten Nobelpreis f{\"u}r Physik. Das Deutsche R{\"o}ntgen-Museum erforscht und dokumentiert das Leben und Werk von W. C. R{\"o}ntgen und die Auswirkungen seiner Entdeckung.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 1845-1923}, language = {de} }