@article{KernOhlyĎuranovaetal.2024, author = {Kern, Marcel and Ohly, Sandra and Ďuranov{\´a}, Lenka and Friedrichs, Juliane}, title = {Drowning in emails: Investigating email classes and work stressors as antecedents of high email load and implications for well-being}, series = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {15}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1439070}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Introduction: High email load has been associated with impaired well-being because emails impose specific demands, disturb the workflow, and thereby overtax individuals' action regulation toward prioritized goals. However, the causes and well-being-related consequences of email load are not yet well understood, as previous studies have neglected the interaction type and function of emails as well as co-occurring stressors as antecedents of high email load and have relied predominantly on cross-sectional designs. Methods: In two studies, we aimed to clarify the nature of email load through the lens of action regulation theory. The first study, a two-wave investigation with a fortnightly interval, examined the lagged relationships among email load, work stressors, strain, and affective well-being. The sample included 444 individuals across various occupations and organizations, with 196 of them working from home or remotely at least part of the time. In the second cross-sectional study, we surveyed 257 individuals using a convenience sampling approach, 108 of whom worked from home or remotely at least partially. This study focused on evaluating how different email classes—distinguished by email interaction type (received vs. processed) and email function (communication vs. task)—serve as predictors of high email load. Results: In Study 1, we found a positive lagged effect of high email load on strain, even when controlling for the co-occurring stressors time pressure and work interruptions. In addition, lagged effects of email load on time pressure and interruptions were identified, while no evidence was found for the reverse direction. The results of Study 2 suggest that only the number of communication-related emails received, but not the number of task-related emails received, or the number of all emails processed contribute to high email load. Conclusion: Findings suggest that email load can be considered a unique stressor and that different classes of email need to be distinguished to understand its nature. Clarifying the sources of email load can help develop effective strategies to address it.}, subject = {E-Mail}, language = {en} } @article{ĎuranovaSchroedelRoesner2024, author = {Ďuranov{\´a}, Lenka and Schr{\"o}del, Frank and R{\"o}sner, Marlene}, title = {Spaziergang in die Zukunft der Altenpflege: Wie Robis die Lebensqualit{\"a}t von Oldies verbessern k{\"o}nnten}, series = {Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching}, volume = {31}, journal = {Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching}, number = {3}, issn = {1618-808X}, doi = {10.1007/s11613-024-00896-w}, pages = {389 -- 401}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In der Altenpflege herrscht Fachkr{\"a}ftemangel. Dieser beeintr{\"a}chtigt Organisationen, Personal, Pflegebed{\"u}rftige sowie Angeh{\"o}rige und erfordert innovative L{\"o}sungen. In der Berufspraxis entstand eine konkrete Forderung: Roboter, die mit den {\"A}lteren spazieren gehen. Dieser gehen wir nach. In diesem Beitrag skizzieren wir die Notwendigkeit einer Technologieinnovation in der Altenpflege aus wirtschaftspsychologischer Sicht, danach potenzielle Vorteile des begleitenden Roboters, seine Anwendungsszenarien, Hindernisse bei der Einf{\"u}hrung und die notwendigen Entwicklungsschritte. Schließlich appellieren wir an die Praxis, die Technologieentwicklung zu unterst{\"u}tzen.}, subject = {Altenpflege}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weithmann2024, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina}, title = {The Modernization of the Chinese Standardization System}, series = {Standardization Strategies in China and India}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {Standardization Strategies in China and India}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {9783658455828}, issn = {2731-9776}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-45583-5_7}, pages = {123 -- 131}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, China's standardization system has undergone continuous change. However, with the opening up of the economy and the growing importance of international trade, a more comprehensive modernization of the Chinese standardization system became inevitable. After initial attempts to renew the standardization system showed little success, China has been pursuing a more holistic approach since 2015 as part of its reform plans for the standardization system. An approach that meets the needs and expectations of a leading economic power in a global market. Compared to other leading standardization powers such as Europe or the USA, China is considered a latecomer to international standardization. However, this has offered the advantage that China can learn from the experience of other nations and build a standardization system that incorporates the best aspects of other systems while simultaneously meeting China's claim to economic leadership.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Reichert2024, author = {Reichert, Hannes}, title = {Sensor Equivariance for Active Road User Safety}, series = {Organic Computing}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {Organic Computing}, publisher = {Kassel University Press}, address = {Kassel}, pages = {241 -- 252}, year = {2024}, subject = {Autonomes Fahrzeug}, language = {en} } @incollection{Hubert2024, author = {Hubert, Andreas}, title = {Scene Understanding at Manual Assembly Cells}, series = {Organic Computing}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {Organic Computing}, publisher = {Kassel University Press}, address = {Kassel}, pages = {109 -- 120}, year = {2024}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HubertDollSick2024, author = {Hubert, Andreas and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, title = {Influence of Background Color on 6D Pose Tracking Accuracy}, series = {2024 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET), 27-28 December 2024}, booktitle = {2024 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET), 27-28 December 2024}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/ICEET65156.2024.10913824}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2024}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{DiwersyKoengeter2024, author = {Diwersy, Bettina and K{\"o}ngeter, Stefan}, title = {Transnational professionalism in child welfare in Germany}, series = {Childhood, special issue: Children, Borderland, Welfare}, volume = {32}, journal = {Childhood, special issue: Children, Borderland, Welfare}, number = {1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/09075682241287447}, pages = {98 -- 114}, year = {2024}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {en} } @article{Diwersy2024, author = {Diwersy, Bettina}, title = {Transnational professionell handeln in den Hilfen zur Erziehung}, series = {Nachrichtendient NDV}, volume = {104}, journal = {Nachrichtendient NDV}, number = {7}, pages = {297 -- 302}, year = {2024}, subject = {Transnationalisierung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Link2024, author = {Link, Renate}, title = {Was man von virtuellen Besprechungen f{\"u}r virtuelle Kongresse lernen kann}, series = {Mapping Cross Roads: Cultures, Languages and Literatures : International Language Week, Athen 2024}, booktitle = {Mapping Cross Roads: Cultures, Languages and Literatures : International Language Week, Athen 2024}, isbn = {978-960-466-327-9}, pages = {246 -- 256}, year = {2024}, subject = {Konferenz}, language = {de} } @book{Diwersy2024, author = {Diwersy, Bettina}, title = {Transnationale Professionalit{\"a}t}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim und Basel}, isbn = {978-3-7799-8433-7}, pages = {447}, year = {2024}, subject = {Transnationalisierung}, language = {de} } @article{IsıklıBektaşTameretal.2024, author = {Is{\i}kl{\i}, Serhan and Bekta{\c{s}}, Asl{\i}han Bilge and Tamer, Şule and Atabay, Murat and Arkal{\i}, Bilgesu Deniz and Bağc{\i}, Ba{\c{s}}ak and Bayrakc{\i}, Adem and Sebold, Miriam and Zorlu, Nabi}, title = {Effort-cost decision-making associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder}, series = {Behavioural Brain Research}, volume = {467}, journal = {Behavioural Brain Research}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {0166-4328}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114996}, year = {2024}, subject = {Manisch-depressive Krankheit}, language = {en} } @article{TsamitrosGutwinskiBecketal.2024, author = {Tsamitros, N. and Gutwinski, S. and Beck, A. and Lange Mussons, S. and Sebold, Miriam and Sch{\"o}neck, R. and Wolbers, T. and Bermpohl, F. and Heinz, A. and L{\"u}tt, A.}, title = {Craving induction through virtual reality cue-exposure for patients with alcohol dependence in rehabilitation treatment}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {14}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81071-0}, year = {2024}, abstract = {New therapeutic approaches for alcohol dependence (AD) include virtual reality (VR)-based treatments offering scalable options for cue exposure (CE), a well-established strategy in cognitive behavioral therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of a new VR-CE paradigm. On an explorative basis, factors influencing the induction of craving were examined. This single-arm monocentric clinical study included n = 21 patients with AD in inpatient rehabilitation treatment, that completed one VR-CE session including confrontation with alcohol-associated stimuli. Measurements of subjective craving before, during and after exposure, affective states, VR side effects as cybersickness and the sense of presence in VR were conducted. Craving levels during and directly after VR-CE were significantly higher than before the intervention. Craving levels 20 min after VR-CE did not significantly differ compared to those before VR-CE. Patients described a pronounced sense of presence and only mild symptoms of cybersickness. Craving was significantly correlated with cybersickness. While positive affect decreased throughout the VR exposure, negative affect did not differ significantly in pre-post-comparisons. This study shows that craving induction through our VR-CE paradigm is feasible and well-tolerated by patients with AD in long-term rehabilitation. These results contribute to the development and future research of therapeutic VR-CE approaches.}, subject = {Alkoholismus}, language = {en} } @incollection{VilainHeuberger2024, author = {Vilain, Michael and Heuberger, Matthias}, title = {Netzwerkforschung: Neue Perspektiven zur Analyse und Beschreibung von Engagement}, series = {Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement und Freiwilligendienste}, booktitle = {Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement und Freiwilligendienste}, publisher = {Nomos Verlag}, address = {Baden-Baden}, pages = {849 -- 857}, year = {2024}, subject = {Ehrenamtliche T{\"a}tigkeit}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HaugSapsaiHocketal.2024, author = {Haug, Jim and Sapsai, Iryna and Hock, Isabell and Abke, J{\"o}rg and Hagel, Georg}, title = {EVALUATING AN AI-BASED ADAPTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM: GOALS, METHODS AND INITIAL RESULTS}, series = {16th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 1-3 July, 2024, Palma, Spain}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 1-3 July, 2024, Palma, Spain}, number = {EDULEARN24 Proceedings}, editor = {Haug, Jim}, doi = {10.21125/edulearn.2024.0834}, pages = {3157 -- 3166}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The aim of this paper is to describe the evaluation process and findings of an AI-based Adaptive Learning System for the Computer Science discipline at two different German universities and discuss an array of methods in regard to assessing such a system. The primary objectives have been twofold: firstly, to examine the reception of selected learning elements, which were conceptually outlined based on relevant literature, among the student body; and secondly, to investigate the efficacy of individualized adaptive learning paths. These paths were generated by employing a variety of algorithms to analyze students learning style tendencies, with a particular emphasis on adaptive navigational techniques. The used algorithms encompassed a modified version of a literature based adaptive mechanism, an Ant-Colony-Algorithm and a Genetic Algorithm, alongside a lecturer-recommended learning path for a non-adaptive comparison. While the system suggested suitable learning paths based on student data, it never forced the individuals to give up their self-directed learning. The evaluation criteria revolved around the evolution of student motivation, interest levels, and knowledge acquisition during the time they spent working in the system. The evaluation sought to facilitate comparative analyses and assess algorithmic fitness for proficient learning path generation. The methods included both quantitative and qualitative approaches to gather data, seeking to strike a balance between being student-friendly and scientifically informative. They ranged from Likert Scale self-assessments to screen and video observations with retrospective interviews. Since the purpose of adaptive learning systems is intertwined with personalized learning it seems imperative to already take the preferences and opinions of students into account while the system is still in development. This complexity underscores the challenge of evaluating such systems, as significant constraints on student choice - though simplifying evaluation - directly oppose the ethos of individualized, self-directed learning. Initial findings suggest that the underlying theoretical considerations on sequencing and structuring of learning elements are confirmed, coupled with providing adequate flexibility to meet diverse learning needs. Cross-site evaluation of the literature-based learning elements indicated a high comprehensibility and positive student ratings. While significant positive trends were observed regarding knowledge acquisition, they cannot be definitively attributed to a specific method of learning path generation. Motivation and interest analyses show no significant differences among learning path types, albeit heavily limited by sample size. Similarly, emotion measurements, though limited, hint at positive impacts from HASKI system use. Despite limitations, early indications suggest student acceptance and potential effectiveness of learning paths, highlighting the need for larger sample sizes for validation and expansion. Ensuring alignment with student needs and user-friendly design are crucial considerations.}, subject = {E-Learning}, language = {en} } @article{SapsaiHaugAbkeetal.2024, author = {Sapsai, Iryna and Haug, Jim and Abke, J{\"o}rg and Hagel, Georg}, title = {IDENTIFYING STUDENT EMOTIONS IN AN ADAPTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM WITH A BAYESIAN NETWORK MODEL}, series = {IATED Digital Library Home}, volume = {2024}, journal = {IATED Digital Library Home}, number = {ICERI2024 Proceedings}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2024.1192}, pages = {4829 -- 4837}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Analyzing scientific literature on the impact of emotions in e-learning highlights the importance of assessing students' emotional states and their role during online learning processes. This assessment often relies on physiological sensors, which may not be accessible to all institutions or acceptable to all students. Therefore, detecting students' emotional states in an online learning environment remains a complex challenge requiring a fundamental understanding of the role of emotions in such environments. This paper explores the potential benefits of using self-reported surveys to identify students' affective states and improve their learning experience by responding to specific emotional states during their learning progress. Our objectives include identifying emotional states through surveys, pinpointing frequently selected emotion-descriptive words, analyzing survey results, and developing a Bayesian Network (BN) model for automatic emotional state analysis. This BN model aims to facilitate real-time interactions within an adaptive learning system by autonomously assessing students' emotions without direct educator intervention. We present findings from an emotion identification survey conducted among engineering students in an e-learning course provided in an adaptive learning environment. Practically, we plan to implement the BN model within the aforementioned environment to interact with students through real-time pop-up messages, identifying and responding to their emotional states. Its generic character structure allows for changes in the set of analyzed words, ensuring its broad applicability. The challenges of identifying emotions during different online learning activities and the question of the optimal word selection remain for future exploration. Effective identification of students' emotional states is expected to enhance online learning, improving emotional well-being, motivation, and individual success.}, subject = {Bayes-Netz}, language = {en} } @article{ButzSeidl2024, author = {Butz-Seidl, Annemarie}, title = {Liebhaberei im Umsatzsteuerrecht?}, series = {Gestaltende Steuerberatung}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Gestaltende Steuerberatung}, number = {09}, editor = {IWW Institut f{\"u}r Wissen in der Wirtschaft GmbH,}, pages = {327 -- 328}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Der Beitrag besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Problematik von dauerdefizit{\"a}ren T{\"a}tigkeiten und ihren Auswirkungen im Umsatzsteuerrecht.}, subject = {Umsatzsteuerrecht}, language = {de} } @misc{StanikDoehringZeisingetal.2024, author = {Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Zeising, Sebastian and Meißner, Martin}, title = {An astronomy event at Aschaffenburg University to attract future engineering students}, series = {18th INTEGRAL/BART Workshop}, volume = {2024}, journal = {18th INTEGRAL/BART Workshop}, organization = {TH Aschaffenburg}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In 2023 the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the German organization for science communication "Wissenschaft im Dialog" (German for: Science in dialogue) jointly proclaimed a "Science Year" with the motto "Our Universe". One of the numerous events that have been supported thereby has been that of the project "Zirkus UNI-versum" (in English: "Circus UNI-verse"), which took place in summer 2023 at Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences. Two school classes from the local high school "Kronberg-Gymnasium" first experienced an interactive astronomy lecture including a planetarium star show in a tent. Another highlight was the rocket car race in front of the cafeteria and the exclusive launch of a water rocket on the campus green. After the collective countdown, it reached a height of around eighty meters and thus rose higher than all the trees and buildings on the campus site. For their own exploration of the night sky the pupils obtained small cardboard star maps to assemble themselves as a homework. On the summer evenings of the following school holidays, they certainly observed the sky with a different point of view and, above all, with expert knowledge. The event has given them interesting impressions of Aschaffenburg Technical University as an attractive local education facility. The project "Zirkus UNI-versum" - and other activities for schools - intend to stimulate the interest of pupils in STEM subjects and to attract future engineering students.}, subject = {Astronomie}, language = {en} } @misc{KhropostDoehringRiethmuelleretal.2024, author = {Khropost, Diana and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Riethm{\"u}ller, Franziska and H{\"u}lag{\"u}, Deniz}, title = {Poly-dopamine - an organic material for X-ray mirror coatings and other technical applications}, series = {AXRO 2024 - 15th International Conference on Astronomical X-Ray Optics}, volume = {2024}, journal = {AXRO 2024 - 15th International Conference on Astronomical X-Ray Optics}, organization = {TH Aschaffenburg}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Although the organic molecule dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is commonly known as the "hormone of happiness", thin polymer films of poly-dopamine also have interesting technical properties. When produced by dip coating, these self-organizing layers grow in a reproducible thickness of single or multiple molecule monolayers of a few nanometre thickness only. One application is the use of thin poly-dopamine overcoatings to increase the soft X-ray reflectivity of astronomical X-ray mirrors. We thereby introduce a method of determining the layer thickness of poly-dopamine, which is based on spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and applies an optical model for the poly-dopamine layers including their dielectric function. Furthermore, we give an outlook to other technical applications for this promising material, presenting this bio-inspired organic polymer as an innovative technical solution for the future.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgenspiegel}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StanikDoehringPregleretal.2024, author = {Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Pregler, Jan and K{\"a}tker, Anna and Busch, Uwe and Friedrich, Peter}, title = {A visitor experiment on astronomical X-ray optics for the "Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum"}, series = {AXRO 2024 - 15th International Conference on Astronomical X-Ray Optics}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {AXRO 2024 - 15th International Conference on Astronomical X-Ray Optics}, organization = {TH Aschaffenburg}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The "Deutsches R{\"o}ntgenmuseum" in Remscheid is the unique institution worldwide that researches and documents the life and work of the first Nobel Prize winner, Wilhelm Conrad R{\"o}ntgen, and the effects of his discovery of X-rays. As an integral part of the museum, the R{\"o}Lab laboratory offers visitors the opportunity to gain practical experience in X-rays, optics and technology through own experiments. As part of a joint development project, students from Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences are currently designing a visitor experiment on astronomical X-ray optics for the museum laboratory. An optical set-up with visible light illustrate the focusing principle of X-ray telescopes, e.g. for wide-angle optics based on the lobster-eye principle. Display boards explain the optics of various types of telescopes with accompanying text and corresponding illustrations. Modern X-ray observatories such as CHANDRA, XMM-Newton and eROSITA are presented clearly. Once implemented, the new visitor experiment inside the "Deutsches R{\"o}ntgenmuseum" intend to inspire young researchers for the fascinating world of X-ray optics and X-ray astronomy.}, subject = {Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LutzHelmEsenetal.2024, author = {Lutz, Christian and Helm, Jonas and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Computational optimization of borehole sequences for the reduction of heat accumulation in drilling processes using ultrashort pulse lasers}, series = {Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVIII}, booktitle = {Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVIII}, editor = {Kling, Rainer and Pfleging, Wilhelm and Sugioka, Koji}, publisher = {SPIE}, doi = {10.1117/12.3000930}, year = {2024}, abstract = {We report on laser drilling of borehole arrays using a high-power ultrashort pulse laser with particular focus on reducing heat accumulation in the workpiece by optimizing the drilling sequence, particularly for highly efficient multi-spot drilling. Different optimization approaches are chosen to improve the drilling sequence, also comparing a simplex algorithm and an evolutionary algorithm. From a laser application point of view, we also compare drilling sequences using a single spot and up to 16-fold multi-spots generated by a spatial light modulator, as to accelerate the drilling process in terms of the number of drilled holes per second. To evaluate the temperatures generated during drilling of up to 40,000 holes in less than 76 seconds in stainless steel foil, temperatures are measured by a thermal imaging camera and subsequently compared to a COMSOL-based simulation for all optimized drilling sequences. With respect to an average temperature of 706 °C without optimization, a reduction by 252 °C, i.e., a reduction by nearly 36 \% based on the Celsius scale, is achieved using a 4 × 4 beam splitter and an optimized drilling sequence with a drilling rate of 526 holes per second. In addition, using a 2 × 2 beam splitter, a temperature reduction of up to 40.5 \% is achieved for a drilling process with a rate of 129 holes per second using an optimized drilling sequence.}, subject = {Ultrakurzzeitlaser}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LutzSommerhuberKettneretal.2024, author = {Lutz, Christian and Sommerhuber, Ryan and Kettner, Matthias and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Towards process control by detecting acoustic emissions during ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of multilayer materials}, series = {Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVIII}, booktitle = {Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVIII}, editor = {Kling, Rainer and Pfleging, Wilhelm and Sugioka, Koji}, publisher = {SPIE}, doi = {10.1117/12.3000954}, year = {2024}, abstract = {We report on process sensing using a membrane-free optical microphone to monitor the acoustic emission during ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of multilayer materials. The acoustic emission during ablation is used to detect material transitions, with the specific signatures allowing to create a reliable process control for identifying individual layers. The outstanding properties of membrane-free optical microphones in terms of high bandwidth and high temporal resolution are ideally qualified for characterizing an ultrashort pulsed laser process, with its properties and capabilities being presented in this contribution. In particular, for layer- and material-selective ablation of multilayer printed circuit board components, copper and polyimide layers are ablated and the material transition is detected by analyzing the acoustic signal at different frequency levels, which is a novelty in the field of ultrashort pulsed laser process sensing. The investigations show, that the optical microphone can be used to resolve both the scanning paths and ablated layers by means of interruptions in a time-resolved acoustic spectrogram. Furthermore, as a result of a higher ablation rate of polyimide compared to copper and thus the increase of the emitted acoustic energy, the material transition between copper and polyimide layers can clearly be detected. The detection of this process event can be used for process control.}, subject = {Ultrakurzzeitlaser}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LutzSchwarzMarxetal.2024, author = {Lutz, Christian and Schwarz, Simon and Marx, Jan and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Combination of an axicon and a spatial light modulator for the generation of multiBessel beams for microdrilling using ultrashort pulsed laser}, series = {Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVIII}, booktitle = {Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVIII}, editor = {Kling, Rainer and Pfleging, Wilhelm and Sugioka, Koji}, publisher = {SPIE}, doi = {10.1117/12.3000946}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Due to their special beam profile, Bessel beams offer advantageous properties for micro-drilling and internal volume processing, especially for transparent materials. In addition, the laser power of industrial ultrashort pulsed lasers hasnincreased significantly in recent years, offering the possibility of highly efficient processes using multi-spot profiles. We report on optical simulations and an experimental optical setup for generating multi-Bessel beams by combining a refractive axicon and a spatial light modulator. This setup offers a new possibility of multi-Bessel beam generation by functional division of the Bessel beam generation by the axicon and the possibility of separation flexible beam splitting by a spatial light modulator. The beam profiles generated with this setup are analyzed and compared in this study using optical simulations and experiments. In addition to the analysis of the Bessel beams in the machining plane, they are also analyzed in the propagation direction by means of intensity distributions measured by a camera in small-step z positions. Furthermore, the experimental applicability of the module-based beam shaping system is demonstrated by integrating into an existing laser system.}, subject = {Ultrakurzzeitlaser}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AltmannSuppeltRuhletal.2024, author = {Altmann, Alexander Anton and Suppelt, Sven and Ruhl, Max and Schaumann, Stephan and Latsch, Bastian and Ben Dali, Omar and Zhukov, Sergey and Flachs, Dennis and Zhang, Xiaoqing and Thielemann, Christiane and Seggern, Heinz von and Kupnik, Mario}, title = {Monolithic Wideband Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Transducer Based on Additively Manufactured Ferroelectrets}, series = {2024 IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Joint Symposium (UFFC-JS)}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Joint Symposium (UFFC-JS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/UFFC-JS60046.2024.10793858}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Air-coupled ultrasonic transducers are widely used in non-destructive testing, acoustical sonar systems, and biomedical imaging. These applications require transducers that operate effectively across a broad acoustic frequency spectrum, offer adaptable geometric designs, and increasingly incorporate eco-friendly materials. In this work, we present a monolithic, 3D-printed air-coupled ultrasonic transducer based on ferroelectrets (FEs) and fabricated from biocompatible polylactic acid (PLA). We evaluated the transducer's acoustical performance by measuring the surface velocity of its active area using laser Doppler vibrometry and assessed its robustness during continuous operation over a 19-day period. Additionally, we measured the sound pressure level (SPL) and wideband characteristics in an anechoic chamber across excitation frequencies from 1kHz to 100kHz. At a resonance frequency of 33kHz, our transducer achieved an SPL of 94.3dB and surface velocities up to 37mm/s. The measured bandwidth of 65.2kHz at the -6dB threshold corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 189\%. The observed exponential decay of the surface velocity, stabilizing at 15\% of its initial amplitude, aligns with the isothermal surface potential decay typically observed in FE films made from PLA. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the transducer, which features an adaptable backplate for tuning acoustic properties. The low-cost transducer, manufactured from biocompatible PLA, is particularly suited for imaging and biomedical applications furthering green electronics.}, subject = {Ultraschallwandler}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{XuMoeckel2024, author = {Xu, Xukuan and M{\"o}ckel, Michael}, title = {Machine Learning Based Early Rejection of Low Performance Cells in Li Ion Battery Production}, series = {CACML '24: Proceedings of the 2024 3rd Asia Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Machine Learning}, booktitle = {CACML '24: Proceedings of the 2024 3rd Asia Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Machine Learning}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3654823.3654870}, pages = {251 -- 256}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Lithium-ion battery cell production is conducted through a multistep production process which suffers from a notable scrap rate. Machine learning (ML) based process monitoring provides solutions to mitigate the impact of substantial scrap rates by repeated multifactorial quality predictions (virtual quality gates) along the process line. This enables an early rejection of battery cells which are unlikely to reach required specifications, avoids further waste of resources at later process steps and simplifies recycling of rejected cells. A hierarchical architecture is used to apply ML algorithms first for process-adapted feature extraction which is guided by a priori knowledge on typical production anomalies. In a second step, these features are correlated with end-of-line quality control data using explainable ML methods. The resulting predictions may lead to pass or fail of a battery cell, or -in the context of flexible production- may also trigger adjustments of later process steps to compensate for detected deficiencies. An example ML based quality control concept is illustrated for a pilot battery cell production line.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{XuDonghuiBietal.2024, author = {Xu, Xukuan and Donghui, Li and Bi, Jinghou and M{\"o}ckel, Michael}, title = {AutoML based workflow for design of experiments (DOE) selection and benchmarking data acquisition strategies with simulation models}, series = {Scientific Reports}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83581-3}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Design of experiments (DOE) is an established method to allocate resources for efficient parameter space exploration. Model based active learning (AL) data sampling strategies have shown potential for further optimization. This paper introduces a workflow for conducting DOE comparative studies using automated machine learning. Based on a practical definition of model complexity in the context of machine learning, the interplay of systematic data generation and model performance is examined considering various sources of uncertainty: this includes uncertainties caused by stochastic sampling strategies, imprecise data, suboptimal modeling, and model evaluation. Results obtained from electrical circuit models with varying complexity show that not all AL sampling strategies outperform conventional DOE strategies, depending on the available data volume, the complexity of the dataset, and data uncertainties. Trade-offs in resource allocation strategies, in particular between identical replication of data points for statistical noise reduction and broad sampling for maximum parameter space exploration, and their impact on subsequent machine learning analysis are systematically investigated. Results indicate that replication oriented strategies should not be dismissed but may prove advantageous for cases with non-negligible noise impact and intermediate resource availability. The provided workflow can be used to simulate practical experimental conditions for DOE testing and DOE selection.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{KeferPapeBischoffetal.2024, author = {Kefer, Stefan and Pape, Natalie and Bischoff, Kay and Schmauss, Bernhard and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Lattice-Like Waveguides With Integrated Bragg Gratings in Planar Cyclic Olefin Copolymers}, series = {Journal of Lightwave Technology}, volume = {42}, journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology}, number = {18}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, issn = {0733-8724}, doi = {10.1109/JLT.2023.3328323}, pages = {6302 -- 6311}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This contribution demonstrates femtosecond laser direct writing of lattice-like waveguides in planar cyclic olefin copolymer substrates. Based on numerical simulation and experimental near-field analysis, stable single-mode waveguiding around wavelengths of 1550 nm is demonstrated. The waveguiding mechanism is based on a hexagonal array of laser-induced, positive refractive index modification lines. Thus, the lateral extension of the guided mode can be adapted by varying the fabrication parameters and, in consequence, the resulting cross-sectional arrangement of the refractive index perturbations. With an optical attenuationof 2.2 dB·cm-1 around 1550 nm, the fabricated waveguides are well-suited for on-chip integrated photonic devices. Moreover, the waveguides can also be equipped with Bragg gratings to enable the application of the photonic platform as a sensing device. Dependingon their length, the Bragg grating structures exhibit reflectivities ofup to 99\% and spectral widths down to 0.3 nm. The flexibility of the fabrication process and the sensing capabilities of the lattice-like waveguides with integrated Bragg gratings are underlined by an exemplary application study demonstrating a relative pressure sensor. For that, a photonic platform is micromilled to generate a 300 µm thick diaphragm and a reference pressure chamber. The strain introduced to the diaphragm by external pressure changes can then be quantified by the integrated photonic structures.This way, absolute pressure sensitivities of up to 38 pm·kPa-1 can be achieved in a relative pressure range from -60 to 100 kPa. The newly-developed lattice-like waveguides with integrated Bragggratings are therefore well-suited for the realization of novel and adaptable photonic devices and sensors.}, subject = {Wellenleiter}, language = {en} } @incollection{TalluriWeidl2024, author = {Talluri, Kranthi Kumar and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Impact of Accidents on Traffic Congestions: A Bayesian Network Approach Using Real City Data}, series = {Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering}, booktitle = {Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering}, number = {63}, publisher = {IOS Press}, isbn = {9781643685601}, issn = {2352-751X}, doi = {10.3233/ATDE241181}, pages = {64 -- 78}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Traffic congestion has been a major concern in urban areas due to its strong impact on various social, economic, and human safety sectors. Understanding the relationship and analyzing the trends and patterns between congestion and accidents can strengthen the strategy for reducing traffic congestion. Research on causes of accidents and their impact on congestion has recently been explored on a greater scale, but there is still a lot of scope for vast areas of improvement. To tackle this issue, we built a Bayesian Network (BN) model for analyzing and predicting congestion probability that can occur due to accidents. In this work, the complexity of handling real data obtained from Darmstadt city is described in detail. The accidents and congestion are correlated by introducing a novel threshold-based approach, which identifies congestion based on the change in vehicle density immediately following an accident. Different thresholds are explored to determine the most reliable measure of congestion, with the T4 threshold emerging as the optimal choice. Moreover, the proposed BN model is evaluated against several machine learning models, demonstrating competitive performance and its ability to understand the root cause of traffic congestion.}, subject = {Verkehrsstau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaiynWeidl2024, author = {Raiyn, Jamal and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Assessing Inattentiveness and Human Elements in Critical Driving Safety Events}, series = {9th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering 3-7 June 2024, Lisboa, Portugal}, booktitle = {9th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering 3-7 June 2024, Lisboa, Portugal}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Road accidents, with their potential for severe consequences, pose an ongoing global challenge. Within the multitude of factors contributing to these incidents, inattentiveness and the intricate human elements inherent in driving behaviors stand out as pivotal. As indicated by reports and studies on traffic safety, a significant share of accidents can be attributed to driver inattentiveness, encompassing activities such as texting, talking on the phone, or simply being distracted by the surrounding environment. Beyond these observable behaviors lie complex human elements, influenced by factors ranging from cognitive processes to emotional states, which significantly contribute to the occurrence and severity of critical safety events. Inattentiveness is defined as a state in which a driver's eye gaze behavior deviates from attentive driving patterns. It can be influenced by human factors and adverse weather conditions, serving as an indicator of an increased risk of inattentiveness and the potential to contribute to safety-critical events on the road. Recognition of inattentiveness occurs when the average gaze duration on the road or critical areas falls below a specified threshold. The driver's response time is crucial to the braking process of the vehicle and, therefore, has a significant impact on safety in critical situations.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @unpublished{ChaarRaiynWeidl2024, author = {Chaar, Mohamad Mofeed and Raiyn, Jamal and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Improving the Perception of Objects under Foggy Conditions in the Surrounding Environment}, publisher = {Research Square Platform LLC}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3821656/v1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Autonomous Driving (AD) technology has rapidly advanced in recent years. Some challenges remain, particularly in ensuring robust performance under adverse weather conditions, like heavy fog. To address this, we propose a multi-class fog density classification approach to enhance the performance of AD systems. By dividing the fog density into multiple classes (25\\%, 50\\%, 75\\%, and 100\\%) and generating separate data-sets for each class using the Carla simulator, we can independently improve perception for each fog density and examine the effects of fog at each level. This approach offers several advantages, including improved perception, targeted training, and enhanced generalizability. The results show improved perception of objects from the categories: cars, buses, trucks, vans, pedestrians, and traffic lights. Our multi-class fog density approach is a promising step towards achieving robust AD system performance under adverse weather conditions.}, subject = {Autonomes Fahrzeug}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaiynChaarWeidl2024, author = {Raiyn, Jamal and Chaar, Mohamad Mofeed and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Analysis of Driving Behavior in Adverse Weather Conditions}, series = {IEEE 7th International Conference AND workshop in {\´O}buda on Electrical and Power Engineering (CANDO EPE 2024)}, booktitle = {IEEE 7th International Conference AND workshop in {\´O}buda on Electrical and Power Engineering (CANDO EPE 2024)}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This paper discusses the impact of Connected Cooperative and Automated Mobility (CCAM) on safety-critical events. The replacement of human drivers by autonomous vehicles (AVs) is promising improved traffic efficiency and reduction of car- crashes to zero using a baseline network traffic. Predicting driving behavior during car-following has been crucial for enhancing road safety while developing advanced driver assistance systems with adaptive cruise control. Human factors significantly influence the driving behavior of a vehicle. Thus, understanding the causal relations between human factors and driving behavior is essential for accurate prediction of vehicle behavior. This is important when autonomous vehicles are expected to behave (cooperatively, according to traffic rules and good praxis) in a human predictable manner, while driving in mixed traffic, involving autonomous, automated, and human driven vehicles. In this paper, we propose a methodology that combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with human factors analysis to predict driving behavior during car-following under adverse weather conditions (AWCs).}, subject = {Autonomes Fahrzeug}, language = {en} } @incollection{MadsenWeidl2024, author = {Madsen, Anders L. and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Bayes'sche Netze als Methode zur Implementierung transparenter, erkl{\"a}rbarer und vertrauensw{\"u}rdiger K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz}, series = {Vertrauen in K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz - Eine multi-perspektivische Betrachtung}, booktitle = {Vertrauen in K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz - Eine multi-perspektivische Betrachtung}, publisher = {Springer Verlag}, pages = {139 -- 162}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag betrachtet die Verwendung von Bayes'schen Netzen als Methode zur Implementierung von transparenter, erkl{\"a}rbarer und vertrauensw{\"u}rdiger K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz (KI). Er beginnt mit einer Darstellung und Diskussion von Schl{\"u}sselkonzepten im Zusammenhang mit der Verwendung von Methoden der K{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz und der Implementierung von erkl{\"a}rbarer und vertrauensw{\"u}rdiger KI. Der Beitrag diskutiert mehrere Konzepte aus dem Bereich der Bayes'schen Netze, die f{\"u}r die praktische Anwendung dieser Modelle in Systemen mit KI relevant sind. Zu den betrachteten Konzepten geh{\"o}ren unter anderem der Bayes-Faktor, die wahrscheinlichste Erkl{\"a}rung und die relevanteste Erkl{\"a}rung. Der Beitrag endet mit einem Fallbeispiel aus dem Bereich des automatisierten Fahrens, das veranschaulicht, wie transparente und erkl{\"a}rbare KI mithilfe von Bayes'schen Netzen umgesetzt werden kann, um eine vertrauensw{\"u}rdige L{\"o}sung zu schaffen.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeidlBerresMadsenetal.2024, author = {Weidl, Galia and Berres, Stefan and Madsen, Anders L. and Daxenberger, Johannes and Aulbach, Anegret}, title = {Exploring Argument Mining and Bayesian Networks for Assessing Topics for City Project Proposals}, series = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research}, number = {246}, pages = {438 -- 451}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The digital transformation of cities inspired the city administration of Aschaffenburg, Germany, to apply artificial intelligence to reduce the significant amount of manual administrative effort needed to evaluate citizens' ideas for potential future projects. This paper introduces a methodology that combines argument mining with Bayesian networks to evaluate the relative eligibility of city project proposals. The methodology involves two main steps: (1) clustering arguments extracted from public information available on the Internet, and (2) assessing and comparing selected urban issues, planning topics, and citizens' ideas that have been widely discussed to measure public interest in potential candidate projects. The results of the clustering are fed into a Bayesian network, along with scores for several evaluation criteria, to generate a relative eligibility score. The framework was applied to three candidate projects, resulting in the selection of one of them, while the other two were rejected with a given explanation. The latter motivates the decision and provides transparency to all parties involved in the decision process. The methodology is applicable to other cities after adjustments of criteria.}, subject = {Projektplanung}, language = {en} } @incollection{Schork2024, author = {Schork, Sabrina}, title = {Effective Innovation Leadership Framework: Self-Reflection Method}, series = {Creative Methods Toolkid}, booktitle = {Creative Methods Toolkid}, publisher = {Springer}, pages = {289 -- 292}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Imagining, designing and teaching regenerative futures is challenging. Educators often lack approaches that allow them to address the complexities of global challenges through new narratives, which make space for the imagination of desirable futures. Commonly in education, we retell the story of an apocalyptic future when speaking about global challenges such as biodiversity degradation and climate change. This narrative, which focuses on the risks and dangers of global environmental change, is built on the assumption that the induced fear might lead to action. This toolkit supports educators who wish to follow a different route. It is based on the assumption that "we can't create what we cannot imagine" (quote by Lucile Clifton). Consequently, imagining, designing, and teaching regenerative futures is the basis and starting point for actualizing them. The beginning of fundamental change is often hard to track because it first takes place in our minds. Visible, large-scale change arises from invisible, wild ideas and imaginations. According to the philosopher and educator John Dewey, imagination is "the ability to look at things as if they could be otherwise". This ability to ask "what if?" is central to envisioning and enacting better lives. The lack of broad-scale action towards regenerative ways of living can be seen as a lack of imagination to create shared visions of an alternative future. Collectively envisioning desirable futures provides the motivation and guidance for change, or as the poet Rainer Maria Rilke put it: "the future enters into us, in order to transform itself in us, long before it happens." This toolkit introduces a broad variety of creative and arts-based methods for regeneration and transformation that can be used in various educational settings. It harnesses the power of creative and arts-based practices, which are increasingly seen as a means of expanding future imaginaries and supporting the development of new scenarios of transformative change. The toolkit was developed within the COST Action SHiFT Social Sciences and Humanities for social transformation and climate change as an initiative of Working Group 3: Creative Practices and Outreach. It comprises a selection of 68 creative methods brought together in a collaborative effort by 124 authors from 31 countries and 6 continents. Its intention is to comprise a valuable resource for educators, teachers, lecturers, community workers, and change-makers who are aiming to empower their learners while providing competencies in regenerative design, climate action, futures thinking, human-nature connection, wellbeing and community engagement. This toolkit is more than a collection of methods but a call to action and a comprehensive resource developed through the synergistic efforts of contributors worldwide.}, subject = {Hochschulunterricht}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ReichertHetzelHubertetal.2024, author = {Reichert, Hannes and Hetzel, Manuel and Hubert, Andreas and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, title = {Sensor Equivariance: A Framework for Semantic Segmentation with Diverse Camera Models}, series = {2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW63382.2024.00132}, pages = {1254 -- 1261}, year = {2024}, subject = {Bildverarbeitung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KloppHaugDoerringer2024, author = {Klopp, Marco and Haug, Jim and D{\"o}rringer, Antonia}, title = {Work-in-Progress: Input Support for the Formulation of Learning Outcomes in STEM}, series = {Proceedings IEEE Educon}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {Proceedings IEEE Educon}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {2165-9567}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON60312.2024.10578568}, pages = {3}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The heightened emphasis on student-centered learning in STEM degree programs highlights the importance of precise formulation of learning outcomes. The "AdLer Input Support for the Formulation of Learning Outcomes" offers a valuable solution to meet this challenge.}, subject = {Lerntechnik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Schork2024, author = {Schork, Sabrina}, title = {From Data to Innovation}, series = {XXXV ISPIM Innovation Conference}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {XXXV ISPIM Innovation Conference}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.12652992}, pages = {10}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Data can be the source of innovation. Data can help to analyse the constitution of the people involved in the innovation process and to give them recommendations along the innovation process to increase their innovation performance, productivity in individual and group work and to optimise the quality of the results. The article proposes a long-term study in which the innovation potential of young adults in secondary schools, universities and companies is continuously recorded. The aim is to develop a chatbot that supports individuals in transforming their innovation potential into innovation performance, so that innovations develop that transform society. The aim is to improve the quality of innovation outcomes and the productivity of individuals involved in solving complex problems.}, subject = {Innovationsmanagement}, language = {en} } @techreport{Schork2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Schork, Sabrina}, title = {GenAI as a collaborative creativity booster for innovation}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.13281421}, pages = {2}, year = {2024}, abstract = {GenAI has the potential to enhance individual creativity but may also reduce the diversity of collective content. When combined with human interaction, GenAI can lead to more creative outcomes. This is particularly relevant in collaborative work.}, subject = {Innovationsmanagement}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SommerSafiEsenetal.2024, author = {Sommer, David and Safi, Abdulrahman and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Additive manufacturing of Nickel-based superalloy: optimization of surface roughness using integrated high-speed milling}, series = {Laser 3D Manufacturing XI}, booktitle = {Laser 3D Manufacturing XI}, editor = {Gu, Bo and Chen, Hongqiang}, publisher = {SPIE}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3000972}, year = {2024}, subject = {Hochgeschwindigkeitsfr{\"a}sen}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SommerHornungEsenetal.2024, author = {Sommer, David and Hornung, Simon and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Optimization of mechanical properties of additive manufactured IN 718 parts combining LPBF and in-situ high-speed milling}, series = {Laser 3D Manufacturing XI}, booktitle = {Laser 3D Manufacturing XI}, editor = {Gu, Bo and Chen, Hongqiang}, publisher = {SPIE}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3000952}, year = {2024}, subject = {Hochgeschwindigkeitsfr{\"a}sen}, language = {en} } @article{SommerHornungEsenetal.2024, author = {Sommer, David and Hornung, Simon and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Surface roughness optimization of hybrid PBF-LB/M-built Inconel 718 using in situ high-speed milling}, series = {The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, volume = {132}, journal = {The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, number = {3-4}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {0268-3768}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13382-5}, pages = {1741 -- 1751}, year = {2024}, abstract = {AbstractWe report on the optimization of the surface roughness of hybrid additive manufactured Ni superalloys, combining a conventional laser powder bed fusion process with in situ high-speed milling. This remarkable hybrid approach has only recently been applied to different steel types and barely to Ni superalloys which opposite to steel appear to be challenging for milling processes, particularly within the powderbed of laser powder bed fusion. Different influencing factors on the surface roughness are varied in this study, following the Taguchi method. Their effect is evaluated with respect to the average surface roughness and the maximum surface roughness. The signal-to-noise ratio for the varied parameters infeed, z-pitch, feed rate, and spindle speed is calculated, determining their relevance on the surface roughness, and defining an optimal parameter combination. As the surface quality is optimized to \$\$\varvec{R_a=0.47\, \mu m}\$\$ R a = 0.47 μ m , the definition of the optimal parameter combination is of the highest relevance for the application of this novel manufacturing approach for Inconel. Using linear regression, the resulting surface roughness of these parameters is predicted, getting validated by the experimental evaluation. Due to a further analysis, including EDX analysis and a quantitative element analysis at different positions of the flank of the milling cutter, wear characteristics as well as the dissipation of the coating of the milling cutter are detected. The flank wear and the resulting breakage of the cutting edge are defined as the main reasons of a rising surface roughness.}, subject = {Hochgeschwindigkeitsfr{\"a}sen}, language = {en} } @article{SommerStockfleetHellmann2024, author = {Sommer, David and Stockfleet, Henry and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Optimization of Mechanical Properties and Evaluation of Fatigue Behavior of Selective Laser Sintered Polyamide-12 Components}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {16}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, issn = {2073-4360}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101366}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this paper, a comprehensive study of the mechanical properties of selective laser sintered polyamide components is presented, for various different process parameters as well as environmental testing conditions. For the optimization of the static and dynamic mechanical load behavior, different process parameters, e.g., laser power, scan speed, and build temperature, were varied, defining an optimal parameter combination. First, the influence of the different process parameters was tested, leading to a constant energy density for different combinations. Due to similarities in mechanical load behavior, the energy density was identified as a decisive factor, mostly independent of the input parameters. Thus, secondly, the energy density was varied by the different parameters, exhibiting large differences for all levels of fatigue behavior. An optimal parameter combination of 18 W for the laser power and a scan speed of 2666 mm/s was determined, as a higher energy density led to the best results in static and dynamic testing. According to this, the variation in build temperature was investigated, leading to improvements in tensile strength and fatigue strength at higher build temperatures. Furthermore, different ambient temperatures during testing were evaluated, as the temperature-dependent behavior of polymers is of high importance for industrial applications. An increased ambient temperature as well as active cooling during testing was examined, having a significant impact on the high cycle fatigue regime and on the endurance limit.}, subject = {Laserstrahlsintern}, language = {en} } @article{WeberPedellRoetzel2024, author = {Weber, Max M. and Pedell, Burkhard and R{\"o}tzel, Peter}, title = {Resilience-oriented management control systems: a systematic review of the relationships between organizational resilience and management control systems}, series = {Journal of Management Control}, journal = {Journal of Management Control}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2191-4761}, doi = {10.1007/s00187-024-00385-2}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Organizations regularly face serious challenges due to pandemics, recessions, and financial crises. One reason some organizations cope better than others may be that their management control systems (MCSs) more effectively foster organizational resilience. Despite considerable literature on MCSs and organizational resilience, there is a lack of research on the impact of an MCS's use on organizational resilience. This study examines and bridges the literatures on MCSs and organizational resilience to illuminate how organizations can better cope with adversity. To identify potential relationships between management controls, MCSs, and organizational resilience, we systematically review the literature and perform a content analysis. We examine the relationships between organizational resilience measures, capabilities, and management controls. We propose the use of resilience-oriented management controls and discuss whether organizations can increase their resilience by building resilience-oriented MCSs. Based on Simons's levers of control framework and Duchek's capability-based conceptualization of organizational resilience, we develop a conceptual organizational resilience/MCS framework. Our study reveals relationships and gaps between the literatures on MCSs and organizational resilience and proposes avenues for future research. Our findings suggest that resilience-oriented MCSs are beneficial to organizational resilience.}, subject = {Management}, language = {en} } @incollection{Link2024, author = {Link, Renate}, title = {LEGO® Serious Play® (LSP) oder PLAYMOBIL®pro}, series = {Interkulturelle Kompetenz online vermitteln}, booktitle = {Interkulturelle Kompetenz online vermitteln}, editor = {Hiller, Gundula Gwenn and Zillmer-Tantan, Ulrike and Fatthohi, Reema}, edition = {1}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-40408-6}, issn = {978-3-658-40409-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40409-3_54}, pages = {467 -- 471}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Diese {\"U}bung basiert auf konstruktivistischem und haptischem „Denken" mit den H{\"a}nden. Die TN sollen mit geeigneten Materialien wie LEGO® Serious Play® (LSP) oder PLAYMOBIL®pro Metaphern bzw. Personas f{\"u}r kulturelle Werte/Dimensionen/Standards bauen.}, subject = {Hochschule}, language = {de} } @article{SchorkOezdemirKalukZerey2024, author = {Schork, Sabrina and {\"O}zdemir-Kaluk, Dilan and Zerey, Cudi}, title = {Understanding Innovation and Sustainability in Digital Organizations: A Mixed-Method Approach}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {17}, editor = {Chen, Ja-Shen}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020415}, pages = {415}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In recent years, organizations have increasingly turned to digital transformation (D) to drive innovation (I) and sustainability (S). However, the rapid growth of studies on this topic, particularly since 2019, has made it challenging to clearly define these concepts, operationalize their constructs, and understand their positive organizational impacts. This article addresses these gaps through a systematic literature review (SLR) that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. This study begins with a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 3099 articles published between 2010 and 2023 in the Scopus database containing the terms "digital," "innovation," and "sustainability" (or "sustainable"). It then covers a detailed qualitative review of 20 high-quality articles from VHB-JOURQUAL-C-ranked journals or higher. By employing an inductive-deductive approach, the authors identify consistent and conflicting definitions, diverse constructs for each D-I-S concept, and numerous positive organizational effects. This article provides a structured overview of existing D-I-S definitions and introduces a model to distinguish environmental, organizational, and solution levels. Additionally, it presents a visual framework of the direct and mediated positive effects of D-I-S in organizations. Overall, these insights underscore the critical role of digital transformation in advancing innovation and sustainability, offering valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners alike.}, subject = {Nachhaltigkeit}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-2454, title = {Vertrauen in K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, editor = {Schork, Sabrina}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, isbn = {978-3-658-43816-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43816-6}, pages = {VIII, 302 S.}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Band markiert einen initialen Schritt zur umfassenden Er{\"o}rterung des Themenfelds ‚Vertrauen in KI' aus vielf{\"a}ltigen Blickwinkeln. Dabei wird eine Herangehensweise sowohl aus wirtschafts- und sozialwissenschaftlicher als auch aus informationstechnischer Perspektive gew{\"a}hlt, die zudem interdisziplin{\"a}re Aspekte einbezieht. Insgesamt pr{\"a}sentiert der Band f{\"u}nfzehn Beitr{\"a}ge von 25 renommierten Autorinnen und Autoren, die ihre Expertise aus vierzehn unterschiedlichen Einrichtungen einbringen. Ziel dieser Debatten ist es, Lernende, Lehrende, Forschende sowie Entscheidungstr{\"a}gerinnen und -tr{\"a}ger aus Politik und Wirtschaft dazu zu bef{\"a}higen, auf Basis von Fakten eine fundierte Meinung zu bilden. Auf dieser Grundlage sollen sie in der Lage sein, gut durchdachte pers{\"o}nliche Entscheidungen im Umgang mit KI zu treffen.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {de} } @article{AgelLarsen2024, author = {Agel, Lena and Larsen, Valerie}, title = {Innovative Lehr- und Lernformen (2): Digitale Lernformate}, series = {Hebamme}, volume = {37}, journal = {Hebamme}, number = {04}, publisher = {Georg Thieme Verlag KG}, issn = {0932-8122}, doi = {10.1055/a-2351-6937}, pages = {14 -- 17}, year = {2024}, subject = {Hebamme}, language = {de} } @article{AgelWind2024, author = {Agel, Lena and Wind, Carolin}, title = {Arbeits- und Lernaufgaben im Hebammenstudium}, series = {Hebamme}, volume = {37}, journal = {Hebamme}, number = {05}, publisher = {Georg Thieme Verlag KG}, issn = {0932-8122}, doi = {10.1055/a-2363-1591}, pages = {14 -- 19}, year = {2024}, subject = {Hebamme}, language = {de} } @article{AgelPfeifenbergerMerbtetal.2024, author = {Agel, Lena and Pfeifenberger, Hemma and Merbt, Jeanette and Wind, Carolin}, title = {Online-Befragung zur aktuellen Situation der Praxisanleiter*innen und Herausforderungen in Deutschland}, series = {Hebamme}, volume = {37}, journal = {Hebamme}, number = {06}, publisher = {Georg Thieme Verlag KG}, issn = {0932-8122}, doi = {10.1055/a-2405-2302}, pages = {12 -- 18}, year = {2024}, subject = {Hebamme}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FlachsBernhardThielemann2024, author = {Flachs, Dennis and Bernhard, Levin and Thielemann, Christiane}, title = {Fully 3D-Printed Rotational Energy Harvester Based On Bipolar Charged PLA Electrets}, series = {Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (PowerMEMS)}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (PowerMEMS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3503-8020-0}, doi = {979-8-3503-8020-0}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Rotational energy harvesters have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable power generation in a variety of applications, ranging from small-scale devices to large-scale industrial systems. In this work, we present a fully 3D-printed electret rotational harvester based on the biodegradable and compostable polymer polylactic acid (PLA). The 3D-printed harvester consists of a rotor made from a bipolar-charged PLA electret, electrode pairs of conductive PLA that function as the stator, and a PLA bearing. An output power of 61μ W was achieved at a rotational speed of 400 rpm and a load resistance of 28.2MΩ. To assess the durability of the harvester, particularly the 3D-printed bearing, the extent of mechanical wear was examined after one million rotations at a rotational speed of 400 rpm. The findings indicate that the rollers undergo a 1.2\% loss in mass, yet the functionality remains intact. The charge decay of PLA electrets is influenced by external factors such as elevated humidity and temperature. Future research will focus on improving the charge stability of PLA by addressing these factors, expanding the potential applications of this rotational energy harvester.}, subject = {Elektret}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DoehringStanikPregleretal.2024, author = {D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Stanik, Eva and Pregler, Jan and Stollenwerk, Manfred and Hildenbrand, Georg}, title = {Forschung zu Strahlensch{\"a}den mit dem Stratosph{\"a}renballon-Experiment ASTRABAX}, series = {DGaO-Proceedings}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {DGaO-Proceedings}, number = {125}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das Stratosph{\"a}renballon-Experiment ASTRABAX ist als multimodale Plattform der Material- und Biowissenschaften f{\"u}r Untersuchungen bei extremen Strahlenbelastungen konzipiert, mit Fokus auf dem UV-C-Spektralbereich und der kosmischen H{\"o}henstrahlung. Auswirkungen von Kombinationen aus hoch- und niederenergetischer Strahlung sind relevant, jedoch nicht ausreichend erforscht.}, subject = {Stratosph{\"a}ren-Ballon}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ErmilovaHertwigDoehringetal.2024, author = {Ermilova, Elena and Hertwig, Andreas and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Stanik, Eva and Cotroneo, Vincenzo and Gibertini, Eugenio}, title = {Ellipsometrische Charakterisierung von Polydopamin f{\"u}r funktionelle technische Schichten}, series = {DGaO-Proceedings}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {DGaO-Proceedings}, number = {125}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2024}, abstract = {D{\"u}nne Schichten aus dem bionischen Material Polydopamin (PDA) sind heute zunehmend auch f{\"u}r innovative technische Anwendungen von Interesse. Mittels spektroskopischer Ellipsometrie wurde die dielektrische Funktion von PDA vom ultravioletten bis zum nahen infraroten Spektralbereich vermessen. {\"U}ber ein Modell wurde auch die Dicke dieser selbstorganisierenden Schichten bestimmt.}, subject = {D{\"u}nne Schicht}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{StanikDoehringPregleretal.2024, author = {Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Pregler, Jan and K{\"a}tker, Anna and Busch, Uwe and Friedrich, Peter}, title = {Ein Besucherexperiment zur astronomischen R{\"o}ntgenoptik f{\"u}r das Deutsche R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, series = {DGaO-Proceedings}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {DGaO-Proceedings}, number = {125}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Im Rahmen eines gemeinsamen Entwicklungsprojekts entsteht ein neues Besucherexperiment zur astronomischen R{\"o}ntgenoptik, das im Museumslabor R{\"o}Lab im Deutschen R{\"o}ntgen-Museum aufgebaut werden soll. Das Ziel des interaktiven Exponats ist es, Begeisterung f{\"u}r die faszinierende Welt der R{\"o}ntgenastronomie zu wecken und das Berufsbild eines Astronomen zu vermitteln.}, subject = {Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, language = {de} } @book{Borgeest2024, author = {Borgeest, Kai}, title = {Manipulation of Exhaust Gas Values}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-45863-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-45864-5}, pages = {128}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This booklet presents background information on the exhaust gas scandal, e. g. pollutants, engine control units, exhaust gas recirculation, exhaust gas aftertreatment, which driving cycles are used for testing, how manipulations on the test bench are possible and in which legal and political environment this happened unnoticed. Measures are presented, how vehicles can comply with legal limits and how manipulations can be prevented legally and politically in future.}, subject = {Kraftfahrzeug}, language = {en} } @article{SchaeferHildenbrandHausmann2024, author = {Sch{\"a}fer, Myriam and Hildenbrand, Georg and Hausmann, Michael}, title = {Impact of Gold Nanoparticles and Ionizing Radiation on Whole Chromatin Organization as Detected by Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy}, series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, volume = {25}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, number = {23}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312843}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In radiation tumor therapy, irradiation, on one hand, should cause cell death to the tumor. On the other hand, the surrounding non-tumor tissue should be maintained unaffected. Therefore, methods of local dose enhancements are highly interesting. Gold nanoparticles, which are preferentially uptaken by very-fast-proliferating tumor cells, may enhance damaging. However, the results in the literature obtained from cell culture and animal tissue experiments are very contradictory, i.e., only some experiments reveal increased cell killing but others do not. Thus, a better understanding of cellular mechanisms is required. Using the breast cancer cell model SkBr3, the effects of gold nanoparticles in combination with ionizing radiation on chromatin network organization were investigated by Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) and applications of mathematical topology calculations (e.g., Persistent Homology, Principal Component Analysis, etc.). The data reveal a dose and nanoparticle dependent re-organization of chromatin, although colony forming assays do not show a significant reduction of cell survival after the application of gold nanoparticles to the cells. In addition, the spatial organization of γH2AX clusters was elucidated, and characteristic changes were obtained depending on dose and gold nanoparticle application. The results indicate a complex response of ALU-related chromatin and heterochromatin organization correlating to ionizing radiation and gold nanoparticle incorporation. Such complex whole chromatin re-organization is usually associated with changes in genome function and supports the hypothesis that, with the application of gold nanoparticles, not only is DNA damage increasing but also the efficiency of DNA repair may be increased. The understanding of complex chromatin responses might help to improve the gold nanoparticle efficiency in radiation treatment.}, subject = {Krebs, Medizin}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MannDoehringStollenwerketal.2024, author = {Mann, Michael and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Stollenwerk, Manfred and Priebsch, Alessandro and Pribulla, Theodor and Komž{\´i}k, Richard M. and Sivanic, Peter}, title = {Advanced power quality measurement techniques at the electric power grid of astronomical observatories}, series = {Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems X, Conference of SPIE 13098, 17 - 20 June 2024}, booktitle = {Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems X, Conference of SPIE 13098, 17 - 20 June 2024}, editor = {Storrie-Lombardi, Lisa J. and Benn, Chris R. and Chrysostomou, Antonio}, publisher = {SPIE}, doi = {10.1117/12.3016562}, year = {2024}, subject = {Sternwarte}, language = {en} } @article{WisselFreudenmannCichockaetal.2024, author = {Wissel, Julian and Freudenmann, Dominic and Cichocka, Magdalena Ola and P{\"o}hl, Almut and Stephan-Hofmann, Iris and R{\"o}cke, Nicole and P{\´e}rez, Nicol{\´a}s and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Stadtm{\"u}ller, Johannes and Stollenwerk, Manfred}, title = {Microstructure of highly effective platinum-iridium alloys as catalysts for hydrogen peroxide decomposition}, series = {Research on Chemical Intermediates}, volume = {50}, journal = {Research on Chemical Intermediates}, number = {11}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {0922-6168}, doi = {10.1007/s11164-024-05412-4}, pages = {5385 -- 5397}, year = {2024}, subject = {Iridium}, language = {en} } @article{AmorimSperaNicoaraetal.2024, author = {Amorim, Isilda and Spera, Natalia C.M. and Nicoara, Nicoleta and Ramasamy, Devaraj and Alves, Diana F. and Stollenwerk, Manfred and Stadtm{\"u}ller, Johannes and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Sadewasser, Sascha and Kolen'ko, Yury V. and Sousa, Juliana P.S.}, title = {Overall alkaline water electrolysis over active, stable, low loading iridium catalysts sputtered on nickel foam}, series = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {92}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.306}, pages = {852 -- 864}, year = {2024}, subject = {Iridium}, language = {en} } @article{Solov’yovVerkhovtsevMasonetal.2024, author = {Solov'yov, Andrey V. and Verkhovtsev, Alexey V. and Mason, Nigel J. and Amos, Richard A. and Bald, Ilko and Baldacchino, G{\´e}rard and Dromey, Brendan and Falk, Martin and Fedor, Juraj and Gerhards, Luca and Hausmann, Michael and Hildenbrand, Georg and Hrabovsk{\´y}, Miloš and Kadlec, Stanislav and Kočišek, Jaroslav and L{\´e}pine, Franck and Ming, Siyi and Nisbet, Andrew and Ricketts, Kate and Sala, Leo and Schlath{\"o}lter, Thomas and Wheatley, Andrew E. H. and Solov'yov, Ilia A.}, title = {Condensed Matter Systems Exposed to Radiation: Multiscale Theory, Simulations, and Experiment}, series = {Chemical Reviews}, volume = {124}, journal = {Chemical Reviews}, number = {13}, publisher = {American Chemical Society (ACS)}, issn = {0009-2665}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00902}, pages = {8014 -- 8129}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This roadmap reviews the new, highly interdisciplinary research field studying the behavior of condensed matter systems exposed to radiation. The Review highlights several recent advances in the field and provides a roadmap for the development of the field over the next decade. Condensed matter systems exposed to radiation can be inorganic, organic, or biological, finite or infinite, composed of different molecular species or materials, exist in different phases, and operate under different thermodynamic conditions. Many of the key phenomena related to the behavior of irradiated systems are very similar and can be understood based on the same fundamental theoretical principles and computational approaches. The multiscale nature of such phenomena requires the quantitative description of the radiation-induced effects occurring at different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from the atomic to the macroscopic, and the interlinks between such descriptions. The multiscale nature of the effects and the similarity of their manifestation in systems of different origins necessarily bring together different disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, nanoscience, and biomedical research, demonstrating the numerous interlinks and commonalities between them. This research field is highly relevant to many novel and emerging technologies and medical applications.}, subject = {Kondensierte Materie}, language = {en} } @article{BischoffEsenHellmann2024, author = {Bischoff, Kay and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Femtosecond reductive Laser Sintering under multiple focus conditions for rapid production of conductive copper layers}, series = {Procedia CIRP}, volume = {124}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.189}, pages = {629 -- 633}, year = {2024}, subject = {Femtosekundenlaser}, language = {en} } @article{BischoffMueckeSchubertetal.2024, author = {Bischoff, Kay and M{\"u}cke, Dominik and Schubert, Andreas and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Rheological Investigation of Highly Filled Copper(II) Oxide Nanosuspensions to Optimize Precursor Particle Content in Reductive Laser-Sintering}, series = {Liquids}, volume = {4}, journal = {Liquids}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, issn = {2673-8015}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/liquids4020019}, pages = {382 -- 392}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this article, the particle concentration of finely dispersed copper(II) oxide nanosuspensions as precursors for reductive laser sintering (RLS) is optimized on the basis of rheological investigations. For this metallization process, a smooth, homogeneous and defect-free precursor layer is a prerequisite for adherent and reproducible copper structures. The knowledge of the rheological properties of an ink is crucial for the selection of a suitable coating technology as well as for the adjustment of the ink formulation. Different dilutions of the nanosuspension were examined for their rheological behavior by recording flow curves. A strong shear thinning behavior was found and the viscosity decreases exponentially with increasing dilution. The viscoelastic behavior was investigated by a simulated doctor blade coating process using three-interval thixotropy tests. An overshoot in viscosity is observed, which decreases with increasing thinning of the precursor. As a comparison to these results, doctor blade coating of planar glass and polymer substrates was performed to prepare precursor layers for reductive laser sintering. Surface morphology measurements of the resulting coatings using laser scanning microscopy and rheological tests show that homogeneous precursor layers with constant thickness can be produced at a particle-solvent ratio of 1.33. A too-high particle content results in an irregular coating layer with deep grooves and a peak-to-valley height Sz of up to 7.8 μm. Precise dilution control allows the fabrication of smooth surfaces with a Sz down to 1.5 μm.}, subject = {Laserstrahlsintern}, language = {en} } @article{YangBischoffMueckeetal.2024, author = {Yang, Yongting and Bischoff, Kay and M{\"u}cke, Dominik and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {UV-ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of fused silica}, series = {Journal of Laser Applications}, volume = {36}, journal = {Journal of Laser Applications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Laser Institute of America}, issn = {1042-346X}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0001197}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The authors report on ultraviolet ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of fused silica and compare the achievable micromachining results to those obtained by using the fundamental emission wavelength in infrared. Ablation in ultraviolet reveals a stable efficiency for increasing fluences, whereas using an infrared beam exhibits a decreasing trend of the ablation efficiency at higher and increasing fluences. In addition, a significant improvement in the surface quality is found by using an ultraviolet wavelength in a fluence range up to 20 J/cm2 compared to infrared, e.g., revealing an Ra of down to 0.45 μm on using the ultraviolet wavelength compared to Ra = 0.56 μm on using infrared at fluences up 15 J/cm2. Moreover, taking advantage of the high available pulse energy, the authors compare the achievable ablation efficiency and surface roughness using a conventionally focused ultraviolet beam and a defocused ultraviolet beam, finding that the defocused ultraviolet beam possesses a processing quality comparable to that of the focused beam. Finally, the authors exemplify the potential of ultraviolet ultrashort pulsed laser ablation by using a Tesla mixer for microfluidic integration of fused silica.}, subject = {Laserablation}, language = {en} } @incollection{Roetzel2024, author = {R{\"o}tzel, Peter}, title = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz (KI) - unser bester Freund? Wie Menschen auf KI-Entscheidungsempfehlungen reagieren}, series = {Vertrauen in K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, booktitle = {Vertrauen in K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-43816-6_2}, pages = {17 -- 31}, year = {2024}, abstract = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz (KI) hat sich zu einer transformativen Kraft entwickelt, die verschiedene Aspekte der t{\"a}glichen Arbeit beeinflusst. Es stellt sich die Frage: K{\"o}nnen Menschen freundschaftliche Beziehungen zu KI-Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzungssystemen aufbauen oder werden diese Systeme nur als Werkzeuge betrachtet? In diesem Kapitel werden die Dynamik, die Herausforderungen und die M{\"o}glichkeiten von Mensch-KI-Interaktionen (MKI) untersucht, wobei ein besonderer Fokus auf die entscheidende Rolle des Vertrauens in dieser Interaktion gelegt wird. Das Vertrauen in KI wird durch kognitive, emotionale und soziale Faktoren beeinflusst. Zu den kognitiven Faktoren geh{\"o}ren die Transparenz und Interpretierbarkeit von KI-Systemen, zu den emotionalen Faktoren geh{\"o}ren die emotionale Bindung und das Verh{\"a}ltnis zwischen Menschen und KI-Agenten und zu den sozialen Faktoren geh{\"o}ren gesellschaftliche Normen und kulturelle Einfl{\"u}sse. Das Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnis zwischen Automatisierungs- und Algorithmusvermeidungstendenzen stellt eine komplexe Herausforderung f{\"u}r MKI dar. Automatisierungsbias bedeutet, sich unhinterfragt auf KI-Empfehlungen zu verlassen. Die Tendenz zur Algorithmusvermeidung beschreibt die Ablehnung oder das {\"U}bergehen von KI-Empfehlungen zugunsten eines menschlichen Urteils. Um dieses Spannungsfeld zu bew{\"a}ltigen, m{\"u}ssen transparente und erkl{\"a}rbare KI-Systeme entwickelt und eine effektive Zusammenarbeit zwischen Menschen und KI gef{\"o}rdert werden. Durch die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung dieser Faktoren und die St{\"a}rkung des Vertrauens kann MKI zu einer informierteren Entscheidungsfindung und einer effektiven Nutzung der KI-Funktionen f{\"u}hren}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {de} } @article{MahtoMahatoChandanetal.2024, author = {Mahto, Kailash Kumar and Mahato, Bidyut and Chandan, Bikramaditya and Das, Durbanjali and Das, Priyanath and Fotis, Georgios and Vita, Vasiliki and Mann, Michael}, title = {A New Symmetrical Source-Based DC/AC Converter with Experimental Verification}, series = {Electronics}, volume = {13}, journal = {Electronics}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, issn = {2079-9292}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101975}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This research paper introduces a new topology for multilevel inverters, emphasizing the reduction of harmonic distortion and the optimization of the component count. The complexity of an inverter is determined by the number of power switches, which is significantly reduced in the presented topology, as fewer switches require fewer driver circuits. In this proposed topology, a new single-phase generalized multilevel inverter is analyzed with an equal magnitude of voltage supply. A 9-level, 11-level, or 13-level symmetrical inverter with RL load is analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink 2019b and then experimentally validated using the dSPACE-1103 controller. The experimental verification of the load voltage and current with different modulation indices is also presented. The analysis of the proposed topology concludes that the total required number of components is lower than that necessary for the classical inverter topologies, as well as for some new proposed multilevel inverters that are also compared with the proposed topology in terms of gate driver circuits, power switches, and DC sources, which thereby enhances the goodness of the proposed topology. Thus, a comparison of this inverter with the other topologies validates its acceptance.}, subject = {Spannungswandler}, language = {en} } @article{DasMahatoChandanetal.2024, author = {Das, Durbanjali and Mahato, Bidyut and Chandan, Bikramaditya and Joshi, Hitesh and Mahto, Kailash Kumar and Das, Priyanath and Fotis, Georgios and Vita, Vasiliki and Mann, Michael}, title = {A New Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for Modular Structure and Reduced Passive Components}, series = {Electronics}, volume = {13}, journal = {Electronics}, number = {17}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, issn = {2079-9292}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173566}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In high-power applications, achieving adequate power quality in power converter design is accomplished by utilizing multilevel inverters instead of using two-level and three-level inverters. The device generates a sinusoidal output voltage, which results in reduced total harmonic distortion and lower voltage stress on the switches and leads to lower electromagnetic interference, making it suitable for use in renewable energy applications. However, to illustrate the advantages mentioned above, a significant number of switching devices and DC sources are necessary while raising the voltage levels. This article proposes an asymmetrical voltage generation method, which operates in a ratio of 1:5 and generates 25 levels using 11 power switches. The topology is modular in structure, and each module has a lower component count, which significantly reduces the overall cost. The proposed topology is capable of generating negative output voltage levels without the use of an H-bridge configuration, where only three switches are used to generate any voltage levels. The functionality of the developed module is amended by fixing different voltage values in DC sources. This article also presents a comprehensive examination of the circuit and the functioning of various voltage levels. The advantages of the proposed inverter have been demonstrated by comparative research with the currently existing MLI topologies. Ultimately, both the simulation and experimental findings validated the practical capabilities.}, subject = {Mehrpunktwechselrichter}, language = {en} } @article{ArnoldKotte2024, author = {Arnold, Jessica and Kotte, Silja}, title = {Arbeitgeberattraktivit{\"a}t durch betriebliche Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung: Eine Strategie f{\"u}r das Employer Branding?}, series = {Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching}, journal = {Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {1618-808X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11613-024-00911-0}, year = {2024}, abstract = {ZusammenfassungAngesichts des Arbeitskr{\"a}ftemangels investieren Unternehmen zunehmend in Employer Branding, um sich als Arbeitgeber auf dem Bewerbermarkt positiv zu positionieren. Gleichzeitig steigt das Bewusstsein f{\"u}r die Bedeutung von Gesundheit bei Einzelnen und Unternehmen. Kann daher Betriebliche Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung (BGF) und die Kommunikation dar{\"u}ber die Arbeitgeberattraktivit{\"a}t erh{\"o}hen? In einer szenario-basierten experimentellen Online-Studie beurteilten die Studienteilnehmenden aus der Bewerber:innen-Rolle die Attraktivit{\"a}t eines Unternehmens auf Basis eines Unternehmensflyers mit vs. ohne Informationen {\"u}ber BGF-Angebote. BGF-Kommunikation hat einen positiven Effekt auf die Arbeitgeberattraktivit{\"a}t, unabh{\"a}ngig von Geschlecht, Bildungsstand und Alter. Die BGF-Kommunikation sollte vor allem authentisch, umfassend und transparent sein und etablierte Online-Kan{\"a}le nutzen.}, subject = {Personalmarketing}, language = {de} } @article{ĎuranovaSchroedelRoesner2024, author = {Ďuranov{\´a}, Lenka and Schr{\"o}del, Frank and R{\"o}sner, Marlene}, title = {Spaziergang in die Zukunft der Altenpflege: Wie Robis die Lebensqualit{\"a}t von Oldies verbessern k{\"o}nnten}, series = {Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching}, volume = {31}, journal = {Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {1618-808X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11613-024-00896-w}, pages = {389 -- 401}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In der Altenpflege herrscht Fachkr{\"a}ftemangel. Dieser beeintr{\"a}chtigt Organisationen, Personal, Pflegebed{\"u}rftige sowie Angeh{\"o}rige und erfordert innovative L{\"o}sungen. In der Berufspraxis entstand eine konkrete Forderung: Roboter, die mit den {\"A}lteren spazieren gehen. Dieser gehen wir nach. In diesem Beitrag skizzieren wir die Notwendigkeit einer Technologieinnovation in der Altenpflege aus wirtschaftspsychologischer Sicht, danach potenzielle Vorteile des begleitenden Roboters, seine Anwendungsszenarien, Hindernisse bei der Einf{\"u}hrung und die notwendigen Entwicklungsschritte. Schließlich appellieren wir an die Praxis, die Technologieentwicklung zu unterst{\"u}tzen.}, subject = {Altenpflege}, language = {de} } @article{AlvesRodriguesSallumetal.2024, author = {Alves, Caroline L. and Rodrigues, Francisco A. and Sallum, Loriz Francisco and Toutain, Thaise and Porto, Joel and Aguiar, Patricia and Thielemann, Christiane and M{\"o}ckel, Michael}, title = {Multiclass classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and typically developed individuals using fMRI functional connectivity analysis}, series = {plos one}, volume = {2024}, journal = {plos one}, number = {19(10)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305630}, pages = {1 -- 35}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Neurodevelopmental conditions, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), present unique challenges due to overlapping symptoms, making an accurate diagnosis and targeted intervention difficult. Our study employs advanced machine learning techniques to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from individuals with ASD, ADHD, and typically developed (TD) controls, totaling 120 subjects in the study. Leveraging multiclass classification (ML) algorithms, we achieve superior accuracy in distinguishing between ASD, ADHD, and TD groups, surpassing existing benchmarks with an area under the ROC curve near 98\%. Our analysis reveals distinct neural signatures associated with ASD and ADHD: individuals with ADHD exhibit altered connectivity patterns of regions involved in attention and impulse control, whereas those with ASD show disruptions in brain regions critical for social and cognitive functions. The observed connectivity patterns, on which the ML c}, subject = {Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Syndrom}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuedelKuhlmannTeigelkoetter2024, author = {B{\"u}del, Johannes and Kuhlmann, Kai and Teigelk{\"o}tter, Johannes}, title = {Improved DC-Charging for Traction Drives with Hybrid Powered Dual Two-Level Inverter}, series = {2023 25th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'23 ECCE Europe)}, booktitle = {2023 25th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'23 ECCE Europe)}, doi = {10.23919/EPE23ECCEEurope58414.2023.10264409}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This contribution aims to present a new concept for power sharing of traction drives supplied by local DC grids such as partly or full equipped trolley wire nets. Therefore, a dual two-level inverter with two separate energy storages and an open-end winding machine is used. New control algorithms allow the charging of the energy sources whether two batteries, a combination of a battery and a fuel cell or a combination of battery and a flying capacitor is used. Within the scope of battery performance, this application is able to absorb or deliver the required power from a DC grid and still feed the electrical machine to enable a driving movement of the electric vehicle. As the presented concepts enable voltage balancing due to different battery loads and the use of only one dynamic energy storage in the charging operation, the shown application aims to achieve the high utilization of an electric vehicle powered by a (partly equipped) DC-grid.}, subject = {Wechselrichter}, language = {en} } @article{SauerZindlerJumar2024, author = {Sauer, Timm and Zindler, Klaus and Jumar, Ulrich}, title = {KI-basierte Regelungskonzepte zur automatischen Spurregelung von Flurf{\"o}rderzeugen}, series = {at - Automatisierungstechnik}, volume = {72}, journal = {at - Automatisierungstechnik}, number = {4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2023-0155}, pages = {336 -- 353}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In diesem Beitrag werden zwei KI-basierte Regelungskonzepte zur automatischen Spurf{\"u}hrung von Flurf{\"o}rderzeugen (FFZ) einer heterogenen Logistikflotte vorgestellt. W{\"a}hrend die modellfreien Verfahren des best{\"a}rkenden Lernens f{\"u}r diese Anwendung als Vertreter der direkten neuronalen Regelung vorgestellt werden, l{\"a}sst sich das zweite Regelungskonzept in die Klasse der indirekten neuronalen Regelungen einordnen. Beide Konzepte zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie dazu in der Lage sind, die Reglerparameter an verschiedene Varianten von FFZ anzupassen sowie vorab bekanntes Wissen bez{\"u}glich des Regelstreckenverhaltens beim Entwurf der Regler gezielt zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen.}, subject = {Flurf{\"o}rderer}, language = {de} } @book{SchneiderStoermann2024, author = {Schneider-St{\"o}rmann, Ludger}, title = {Konflikte und Verhandlungsmanagement im Vertrieb}, editor = {Schneider-St{\"o}rmann, Ludger}, publisher = {UVK Verlag}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {9783825262679}, pages = {258}, year = {2024}, abstract = {„Never give without taking" ist das Verhandlungsmotto von Ludger Schneider-St{\"o}rmann. Verhandlun-gen in ges{\"a}ttigten M{\"a}rkten mit hartem Wettbewerb sind konfliktreich. Der Autor beschreibt g{\"a}ngige Konflikttypen und erl{\"a}utert alle Facetten f{\"u}r ein erfolgreiches Management von Online- und Face-to-Face-Verhandlungen. Zudem gibt er Anleitungen f{\"u}r eine perfekte Vorbereitung und Durchf{\"u}hrung. Das Buch richtet sich an Studierende der Betriebswirtschaftslehre, des Wirtschaftsingenieurwesens sowie des Vertriebs und an alle Studierenden mit Interesse am Vertrieb. Es eignet sich auch hervorragend f{\"u}r die Praxis.}, subject = {Konflikt}, language = {de} } @misc{StanikDoehringPregleretal.2024, author = {Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Pregler, Jan and Stollenwerk, Manfred and Hildenbrand, Georg}, title = {Spectral measurements and life science experiments using extreme radiation exposures at high altitude}, organization = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, pages = {1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The ASTRABAX project ("Aschaffenburg Stratospheric Balloon Experiment"), being funded for the years 2024 to 2026, is designed as a multimodal platform for the investigation of radiation exposures at high altitude. Miniature UV-VIS spectrometers observe the UV-C spectral region. The platform also contains a radiation dosimetry, a power source for on-board electronics, and common shielding setups for multiple spectral combinations. The effects of combinations of high- and low-energy rays on human cells haven´t been sufficiently investigated and described so far. Investigations under such conditions are realistic and crucial for high altitude flights in the atmosphere, for space flights as well as for comparable exposures on other objects of the solar system, and even for exoplanet habitats to some extent.}, subject = {Stahlenbelastung}, language = {en} } @misc{DoehringStanikPregleretal.2024, author = {D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Stanik, Eva and Pregler, Jan and Stollenwerk, Manfred and Hildenbrand, Georg}, title = {Forschung zu Strahlensch{\"a}den mit dem Stratosph{\"a}renballon-Experiment ASTRABAX}, organization = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das f{\"u}r die Jahre 2024 bis 2026 gef{\"o}rderte Projekt ASTRABAX („Aschaffenburger Stratosph{\"a}renballon- Experiment") ist als multimodale Plattform der Material- und Biowissenschaften f{\"u}r Untersuchungen bei extremen Strahlenbelastungen in großer H{\"o}he konzipiert. Dabei ist der UV-C-Spektralbereich von besonderem Interesse und wird mit Miniatur-UV-Spektrometern untersucht. Die Plattform des Ballonexperimentes umfasst eine gemeinsame Strahlungsdosimetrie, eine Stromquelle f{\"u}r die Bordelektronik und Abschirmungen f{\"u}r mehrere Bestrahlungskombinationen. Biologische Zellen werden Kombinationen aus Partikel-, R{\"o}ntgen- und UV-Strahlung ausgesetzt. Nach dem Flug werden m{\"o}gliche Ver{\"a}nderungen in der r{\"a}umlichen Chromatinorganisation mittels hochaufl{\"o}sender Mikroskopie untersucht. Auswirkungen von Kombinationen aus hoch- und niederenergetischer Strahlung sind bisher nicht ausreichend erforscht und beschrieben. Zus{\"a}tzlich werden auch f{\"u}r Satelliten relevante Materialproben bestrahlt. Untersuchungen unter solchen Bedingungen sind realistisch und relevant f{\"u}r Fl{\"u}ge in der Stratosph{\"a}re, f{\"u}r Raumfl{\"u}ge sowie f{\"u}r vergleichbare Expositionen bei anderen Objekten des Sonnensystems oder Exoplaneten-Habitaten.}, subject = {Stratosph{\"a}ren-Ballon}, language = {de} } @misc{ErmilovaHertwigDoehringetal.2024, author = {Ermilova, Elena and Hertwig, Andreas and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Stanik, Eva and Cotroneo, Vincenzo and Gibertini, Eugenio}, title = {Ellipsometrische Charakterisierung von Polydopamin f{\"u}r funktionelle technische Schichten}, organization = {Bundesanstalt f{\"u}r Materialforschung und -pr{\"u}fung}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Obwohl das organische Molek{\"u}l Dopamin (3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamin) allgemein eher als „Gl{\"u}ckshormon" bekannt ist, sind d{\"u}nne Schichten aus Polydopamin heute zunehmend auch f{\"u}r innovative technische Anwendungen von Interesse. Ein Beispiel sind reflexionsverst{\"a}rkende Beschichtungen f{\"u}r astronomische R{\"o}ntgenspiegel. Bei der Herstellung durch eine Tauchbeschichtung wachsen die selbstorganisierenden Polydopamin-Schichten in Einzel- oder Mehrfach-Molek{\"u}llagen mit reproduzierbaren Dicken von wenigen Nanometern auf. Mit der Methode der spektroskopischen Ellipsometrie wurde die dielektrische Funktion von Polydopamin vom ultravioletten bis zum nahen infraroten Spektralbereich zun{\"a}chst bei Modellschichten ausreichender Dicke vermessen. {\"U}ber ein optisches Modell wurden diese Daten dann zur Bestimmung der Schichtdicken deutlich d{\"u}nnerer Polydopamin-Schichten verwendet. Das Ergebnis dieser Studie erm{\"o}glicht ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis des Zusammenhangs von Schichtdicken und Schichteigenschaften in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von den gew{\"a}hlten Prozessparametern. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird ein Ausblick auf potentielle weitere technische Anwendungen des interessanten bionischen Materials Polydopamin gegeben.}, subject = {D{\"u}nne Schicht}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{StanikDoehringPregleretal.2024, author = {Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Pregler, Jan and Stollenwerk, Manfred and Hildenbrand, Georg}, title = {Spectral measurements and life science experiments using extreme radiation exposures at high altitude}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE}, number = {13024}, doi = {10.1117/12.3028519}, pages = {130240M -- 130240M}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The ASTRABAX project ("Aschaffenburg Stratospheric Balloon Experiment"), being funded for the years 2024 to 2026, is designed as a multimodal platform for the investigation of radiation exposures at high altitude. The UV-C spectral region is of special interest. Spectral measurements observe this region of interest using miniature UV-VIS spectrometers. The platform also contains a radiation dosimetry, a power source for on-board electronics, and common shielding setups for multiple spectral combinations. Human cells are exposed simultaneously to radiation of different compositions as particle, X-ray and UV radiation. After the flight, possible changes in the spatial chromatin organization are examined. Material samples intended for the development of satellite components are irradiated also. Investigations under such conditions are realistic and crucial for high altitude flights in the atmosphere, for space flights as well as for comparable exposures on other objects of the solar system, and even for exoplanet habitats to some extent.}, subject = {Spektroskopie}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ErmilovaHertwigDoehringetal.2024, author = {Ermilova, Elena and Hertwig, Andreas and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Stanik, Eva and Cotroneo, Vincenzo and Gibertini, Eugenio}, title = {Ellipsometrical characterization of poly-dopamine layers considered for technical applications}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE}, number = {13013}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3015281}, pages = {1301309-1 -- 1301309-8}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Although the organic molecule dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is commonly known as the "hormone of happiness", thin films of poly-dopamine also have interesting technical properties. When produced by dip coating, the self-organizing layers grow in a reproducible thickness of single or multiple molecule monolayers of a few nanometer thickness only. In this work, we introduce a method of determining the layer thickness of poly-dopamine on mirrors for astronomical X-ray telescopes. This work is based on spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and involves the development of an optical model for the poly-dopamine layers including the dielectric function. Thereby the complex refractive index of the produced layers was determined, covering the range from the ultraviolet to the near infrared spectral region. These measurement results and the corresponding technical challenges are presented in this contribution. Furthermore, an outlook to potential technical applications of this interesting material is given and poly-dopamine layers will make scientist and engineers hopefully happy as an innovative and fascinating technical solution for the future.}, subject = {D{\"u}nne Schicht}, language = {en} } @misc{StanikDoehringPregleretal.2024, author = {Stanik, Eva and D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Pregler, Jan and K{\"a}tker, Anna and Busch, Uwe and Friedrich, Peter}, title = {Ein Besucherexperiment zur astronomischen R{\"o}ntgenoptik f{\"u}r das Deutsche R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, series = {DGaO Proceedings}, volume = {2024}, journal = {DGaO Proceedings}, number = {125}, publisher = {DGaO}, organization = {Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg}, pages = {1 -- 1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das Deutsche R{\"o}ntgen-Museum in Remscheid ist eine weltweit einzigartige Institution, die das Leben und Werk des ersten Nobelpreistr{\"a}gers Wilhelm Conrad R{\"o}ntgen und die Auswirkungen seiner Entdeckung der R{\"o}ntgenstrahlung erforscht und dokumentiert. Als integraler Bestandteil des Museums bietet das Museumslabor R{\"o}Lab die M{\"o}glichkeit, durch eigene Experimente praktische Erfahrungen rund um R{\"o}ntgenstrahlung, Optik und Technik zu sammeln. Im Rahmen eines gemeinsamen Entwicklungsprojekts konzipieren Studierende der Technischen Hochschule Aschaffenburg derzeit ein Besucherexperiment zur astronomischen R{\"o}ntgenoptik f{\"u}r das Museumslabor. Optische Experimente mit sichtbarem Licht verdeutlichen das Fokussierungsprinzip von R{\"o}ntgenteleskopen, z.B. f{\"u}r Weitwinkeloptiken nach dem Lobster-Eye Prinzip. Auf Schautafeln werden Optiken verschiedener Typen von Teleskopen mit Begleittexten und zugeh{\"o}rigen Abbildungen erl{\"a}utert sowie moderne R{\"o}ntgenobservatorien wie CHANDRA, XMM-Newton und eROSITA {\"u}bersichtlich dargestellt. Das neue Besucherexperiment soll nach seiner Realisierung junge Forscherinnen und Forscher f{\"u}r die faszinierende Welt der R{\"o}ntgenoptik und der R{\"o}ntgenastronomie begeistern.}, subject = {Deutsches R{\"o}ntgen-Museum}, language = {de} } @article{Roetzel2024, author = {R{\"o}tzel, Peter}, title = {The role of supplier-induced demand on the occurrence of information overload in managerial reporting environments}, series = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {19}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, number = {7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307671}, pages = {e0307671 -- e0307671}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This article develops a model showing how information reporters influence information load among decision makers and generate supplier-induced information demand (SID). The intra-corporate information-providing process is an expert market with information asymmetry. I show that information overload occurs as an SID and is the result of informational overconsumption deliberately caused by the supplying reporter. My analysis highlights that the information overload depends on the specificity of information. It also shows that the decision maker may face a hold-up situation in light of switching costs. The more specific the information needed, the higher the threat of information overload. The strategic content of information tempts reporting managers to overload the decision maker for the purpose of increasing their reporting transfer price and to discourage the decision maker from getting the information from another reporting manager. Although the decision maker knows a part of the information demand, information overload involves the cost of using unnecessary inputs, information overload occurs as an SID of information, even if other competing reporting managers exist. My analysis demonstrates that information overload can occur due to uncertainty and opportunism of both the decision maker and reporting managers.}, subject = {Controlling}, language = {en} } @book{Borgeest2024, author = {Borgeest, Kai}, title = {Messtechnik und Pr{\"u}fst{\"a}nde f{\"u}r Verbrennungsmotoren}, volume = {2024}, edition = {3., {\"u}berarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-43283-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-43284-3}, pages = {638}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Dieses Buch vermittelt sowohl Studenten, als auch Planern und Betreibern in Industrie und Wissenschaft das n{\"o}tige umfangreiche Wissen, um Messungen an Motorenpr{\"u}fst{\"a}nden durchf{\"u}hren zu k{\"o}nnen. Messtechnik und Pr{\"u}fst{\"a}nde f{\"u}r Verbrennungsmotoren helfen, Kraftstoff einzusparen, Treibhausgase und Schadstoffe zu reduzieren, mit kleineren Motoren mehr Leistung abzugeben sowie Komponenten und Betriebsstoffe zu optimieren. Mit den Motoren und der Abgasgesetzgebung entwickelt sich auch die f{\"u}r die Entwicklung erforderliche mechanische, thermodynamische und Abgasmesstechnik weiter.}, subject = {Kraftfahrzeugtechnik}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SmeetsRoetzel2024, author = {Smeets, Mario and R{\"o}tzel, Peter}, title = {The Moderating Role of Relative Performance Information in Reducing Algorithm Aversion In The Adoption Of AI-Based Decision Support Systems in Insolvency Prediction Tasks}, series = {4th ENEAR Conference at Erasmus University Rotterdam}, volume = {4}, booktitle = {4th ENEAR Conference at Erasmus University Rotterdam}, number = {1}, pages = {1 -- 18}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into decision-making processes emerges as a pivotal strategy for enhancing organizational performance. The paper delves into the criticality of trust in AI-based Decision Support Systems (DSSs), similar to the trust required for other (Accounting) information systems to integrate them efficiently. We explore the disruptive phenomenon known as "algorithm aversion" - a significant barrier to the trust and acceptance of AI. Although AI recommendations outperform human recommendations in different decision-making fields, there exists a tendency among individuals to underweight AI-based DSSs recommendations relative to those from human decision-makers. This underutilization is attributed to the lack of trust in AI. We conducted a laboratory experiment designed to investigate the role of AI recommendations in a workplace-related task in the field of financial accounting. The study is twofold: firstly, it examines how AI trust mediates and algorithm aversion adversely impacts decision-making performance, while also considering the moderating role of technical competence. Secondly, it investigates the potential of gamification by using means of Relative Performance Information (RPI) as a strategy to mitigate the effects of algorithm aversion. Through this experiment, we provide empirical evidence on methods to enhance decision-making performance in the context of AI recommendations. Additionally, we identify and propose counterstrategies to combat algorithm aversion, thereby facilitating the broader adoption and integration of AI-based DSSs in accounting and auditing settings. This study contributes to the accounting and auditing research community by offering insights into how AI can be more effectively incorporated into decision-making processes, addressing both psychological and technical barriers to its acceptance.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @article{SallumAlvesThielemannetal.2024, author = {Sallum, Loriz Francisco and Alves, Caroline L. and Thielemann, Christiane and Rodrigues, Francisco A.}, title = {Revealing patterns in major depressive disorder with machine learning and networks}, series = {medrxiv}, volume = {2024}, journal = {medrxiv}, number = {1}, doi = {doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.07.24308619}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. There is an urgent need for an automated and objective method to detect MDD due to the limitations of traditional diagnostic approaches. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on machine and deep learning to classify patients with MDD and identify altered functional connectivity patterns from EEG data. We compare several connectivity metrics and machine learning algorithms. Complex network measures are used to identify structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Using Spearman correlation for network construction and the SVM classifier, we verify that it is possible to identify MDD patients with high accuracy, exceeding literature results. The SHAP (SHAPley Additive Explanations) summary plot highlights the importance of C4-F8 connections and also reveals dysfunction in certain brain areas and hyperconnectivity in others. Despite the lower performance of the complex network measures for the classification problem, assortativity was found to be a promising biomarker. Our findings suggest that understanding and diagnosing MDD may be aided by the use of machine learning methods and complex networks.}, subject = {Depression}, language = {en} } @article{SzewczykMoniciThielemann2024, author = {Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. and Monici, Monica and Thielemann, Christiane}, title = {How to obtain an integrated picture of the molecular networks involved in adaptation to microgravity in different biological systems?}, series = {npj Microgravity}, volume = {2024}, journal = {npj Microgravity}, number = {10}, doi = {DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00395-3}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Periodically, the European Space Agency (ESA) updates scientific roadmaps in consultation with the scientific community. The ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper (SSCWP) 9, "Biology in Space and Analogue Environments", focusses in 5 main topic areas, aiming to address key community-identified knowledge gaps in Space Biology. Here we present one of the identified topic areas, which is also an unanswered question of life science research in Space: "How to Obtain an Integrated Picture of the Molecular Networks Involved in Adaptation to Microgravity in Different Biological Systems?" The manuscript reports the main gaps of knowledge which have been identified by the community in the above topic area as well as the approach the community indicates to address the gaps not yet bridged. Moreover, the relevance that these research activities might have for the space exploration programs and also for application in industrial and technological fields on Earth is briefly discussed.}, subject = {Weltraumforschung}, language = {en} } @techreport{JostMink2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jost, Thomas and Mink, Reimund}, title = {Central bank losses and commercial bank profits - unexpected and unfair?}, series = {IMFS Working Paper Series No. 199}, journal = {IMFS Working Paper Series No. 199}, pages = {35}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The Eurosystem and the Deutsche Bundesbank will incur substantial losses in 2023 that are likely to persist for several years. Due to the massive purchases of securities in the last 10 years, especially of government bonds, the banks' excess reserves have risen sharply. The resulting high interest payments to the banks since the turnaround in monetary poli-cy, with little income for the large-scale securities holdings, led to massive criticism. The banks were said to be making "unfair" profits as a result, while the fiscal authorities had to forego the previously customary transfers of central bank profits. Populist demands to limit bank profits by, for example, drastically increasing the minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem to reduce excess reserves are creating new severe problems and are neither justified nor helpful. Ultimately, the EU member states have benefited for a very long time from historically low interest rates because of the Eurosystem's extraordinary loose monetary policy and must now bear the flip side consequences of the massive expansion of central bank balance sheets during the necessary period of monetary policy normalisa-tion.}, subject = {Notenbank}, language = {en} } @misc{JostMink2024, author = {Jost, Thomas and Mink, Reimund}, title = {How to deal with the negative effects of inflated central bank balance sheets?}, organization = {SUERF}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Due to the massive purchases of securities in the last 15 years central banks incur substantial losses likely to persist for several years. On the other hand, the banking sector gains large profits from interest payments on their excess reserves holdings. Central banks and fiscal authorities must now bear the flip side consequences of their bond purchase programs. Populist demands to limit bank profits by drastically increasing minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem are creating new severe problems. Instead, a consistent and faster normalisation of central bank balance sheets would be desirable. Central banks should also no longer be central players in government bond markets to restore the lost boundaries between fiscal and monetary policy.}, subject = {Europ{\"a}ische Zentralbank}, language = {en} } @book{HofmannScheidler2024, author = {Hofmann, Georg Rainer and Scheidler, Percy}, title = {Chief Qualification Officer (CQO) und Weiterbildungsmentoren}, isbn = {978-3-9826305-0-2}, pages = {32}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Alte Weisheiten wie „Schuster bleib bei deinem Leisten!" oder auch „Was das H{\"a}nschen nicht lernt, das lernt der Hans nimmermehr" haben in der heutigen, sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt ihren Sinn verloren. Das bedeutet, dass sich die komplette Belegschaft lebenslang weiterbilden muss, idealerweise mit Unterst{\"u}tzung des Arbeitgebers. In der Ver{\"o}ffentlichung "Chief Qualification Officers (CQOs) und Weiterbildungsmentoren - Thesen und Argumente" wird unter anderem das paradoxe Verh{\"a}ltnis von Arbeitslosigkeit und Fachkr{\"a}ftemangel erl{\"a}utert, das Marktversagen im Weiterbildungsmarkt beschrieben und die Forderung nach einem Weiterbildungsbeauftragten (CQO) begr{\"u}ndet.}, subject = {Weiterbildung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SmeetsRoetzel2024, author = {Smeets, Mario and R{\"o}tzel, Peter}, title = {The Moderating Role of Non-Monetary Gamification in Reducing Algorithm Aversion in the Adoption of AI-based Decision Support Systems}, series = {ECIS - European Conference on Information Systems}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {ECIS - European Conference on Information Systems}, number = {1}, pages = {1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into decision-making processes is key to improving organizational performance. However, trust in AI-based decision support systems (DSSs), similar to other information systems, is important for successful integration. A disruptive phenomenon, "algorithm aversion", can impede AI trust and, thus, acceptance. Although AI recommendations outperform human recommendations in different decision-making fields, individuals underweight recommendations from AI-based DSSs compared to human decision-makers due to a lack of AI trust. We conducted a lab experiment to investigate the role of AI recommendations in workplace-related tasks, first focusing on the mediating effect of AI trust and the negative impact of algorithm aversion on decision-making performance and the moderating effect of technical competence. Second, we analyzed the ability of gamification to reduce this phenomenon. We provide evidence regarding how to enhance decision-making performance when AI recommendations are deployed and identify countermeasures against algorithm aversion to facilitate the adoption of AI-based DSSs.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SauerHoppeBruhm2024, author = {Sauer, Jonas and Hoppe, Florian and Bruhm, Hartmut}, title = {Modellierung des Antriebsstrangs einer Textilmaschine zum Zweck der modellbasierten Steuerung}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2024, 20. Konferenz}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2024, 20. Konferenz}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33968/2024.33}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Zur Produktion von gewirkten Textilien werden mehrere Nadeln auf eine Legebarre gesetzt, die durch Servoantriebe positioniert werden. Aufgrund der erzwungenen Bewegung kann der Antriebsstrang bei hohen Drehzahlen zur Schwingung angeregt werden. Die richtige Wahl der Steuerkurven ist daher eine sehr wichtige und anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, die durch ein Antriebsstrangmodell unterst{\"u}tzt werden soll. Daf{\"u}r wird am Beispiel eines Teststands ein Modell des Antriebsstranges in MATLAB/Simulink® entwickelt. F{\"u}r das Antriebsstrangmodell m{\"u}ssen eine geeignete Modellordnung und Modellparameter gew{\"a}hlt werden. Die unbekannten Modellparameter werden durch eine Parameteridentifikation ermittelt. Mit einer Validierung wird ein geeignetes Anregungsspektrum f{\"u}r die Bestimmung der Modellordnung und die Parameteridentifikation ermittelt.}, subject = {Textilmaschine}, language = {de} } @article{FlachsZhukovZechetal.2024, author = {Flachs, Dennis and Zhukov, Sergey and Zech, Isabella and Schreck, Timo and Belle, Stefan and Seggern, Heinz von and Kupnik, Mario and Altmann, Alexander Anton and Thielemann, Christiane}, title = {Enzymatic Self-Degradable PLA-Based Electrets}, series = {Journal of Polymers and the Environment}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Journal of Polymers and the Environment}, number = {1}, doi = {Journal of https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03240-6}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In recent years, the demand for sustainable and degradable materials and electronic devices has increased significantly. Among a range of biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a good alternative to conventional petrol-based polymers because of its attractive mechanical properties and its easy processability. Recently, PLA has also been described as a promising dielectric material with piezoelectric and electret properties. We expect that PLA—after further optimization— will play an important role as a material for environmentally friendly sensors in the future, where first applications such as air filters and pressure sensors have already been proposed. However, degradation under normal ambient conditions is very slow, and an accelerated and controllable degradation process is highly desirable for any type of PLA-based sensors. Enzymatic hydrolysis with embedded enzymes has been proposed as an approach to accelerate and control degradation. In this work, we investigate the properties of PLA in terms of dielectric and mechanical properties with a focus on its ability to store charges after the enzyme proteinase K (Trit. album) has been incorporated. Results reveal that proteinase K has a positive effect on the charge stability of solvent-cast PLA electrets after complete evaporation of the solvent. Furthermore, we observed a concentration-dependent acceleration of mass loss in a Tris-HCl buffer. A fast degradation within only one day occurred at a concentration of 6 wt\% proteinase K.}, subject = {Biologisch abbaubarer Kunststoff}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RoetzelFehrenbacher2024, author = {R{\"o}tzel, Peter and Fehrenbacher, Dennis}, title = {Information Overload in Decision Support Systems}, series = {International Symposium on Accounting Information Systems}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Accounting Information Systems}, address = {Paphos}, year = {2024}, subject = {Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzungssystem}, language = {en} } @article{DobrovolskijStark2024, author = {Dobrovolskij, Dascha and Stark, Hans-Georg}, title = {Synthetic demand data generation for individual electricity consumers: Inpainting}, series = {Energy and AI}, volume = {15}, journal = {Energy and AI}, number = {Januar 2024}, pages = {100312 -- 100320}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this contribution we deal with the problem of producing "reasonable" data, when considering recorded energy consumption data, which are at certain sections incomplete and/or erroneous. This task is important, when energy providers employ prediction models for expected energy consumption, which are based on past recorded consumption data, which then of course should be reliable and valid. In a related contribution Yilmaz (2022), GAN-based methods for producing such "artificial data" have been investigated. In this contribution, we describe an alternative and complementary method based on signal inpainting, which has been successfully applied to audio processing Lieb and Stark (2018). After giving a short overview of the theory of proximity-based convex optimization, we describe and adapt an iterative inpainting scheme to our problem. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated by analyzing real-world-data provided by a German energy supplier.}, subject = {Energieverbrauch}, language = {en} } @article{RaiynWeidl2024, author = {Raiyn, Jamal and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Predicting Autonomous Driving Behavior through Human Factor Considerations in Safety-Critical Events}, series = {Smart Cities}, volume = {7}, journal = {Smart Cities}, number = {1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ smartcities7010018}, pages = {460 -- 474}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This paper investigates the ability of autonomous driving systems to predict outcomes by considering human factors like gender, age, and driving experience, particularly in the context of safety-critical events. The primary objective is to equip autonomous vehicles with the capacity to make plausible deductions, handle conflicting data, and adjust their responses in real-time during safety-critical situations. A foundational dataset, which encompasses various driving scenarios such as lane changes, merging, and navigating complex intersections, is employed to enable vehicles to exhibit appropriate behavior and make sound decisions in critical safety events. The deep learning model incorporates personalized cognitive agents for each driver, considering their distinct preferences, characteristics, and requirements. This personalized approach aims to enhance the safety and efficiency of autonomous driving, contributing to the ongoing development of intelligent transportation systems. The efforts made contribute to advancements in safety, efficiency, and overall performance within autonomous driving systems. To describe the causal relationship between external factors like weather conditions and human factors, and safety-critical driver behaviors, various data mining techniques can be applied. One commonly used method is regression analysis. Additionally, correlation analysis is employed to reveal relationships between different factors, helping to identify the strength and direction of their impact on safety-critical driver behavior. Keywords: car following; decision making; driving behavior; naturalistic driving studies; safety-critical events; cognitive vehicles 1. Introduction Despite the increasing prevalence of vehicle automation, the persistently high number of car crashes remains a concern. Safety-critical events in human-driven scenarios have become more intricate and partially uncontrollable due to unforeseen circumstances. Investigating human driving behavior is imperative to establish traffic baselines for mixed traffic, encompassing traditional, automated, and autonomous vehicles (AVs). Various factors, such as weather conditions affecting visibility in longitudinal car-following (CF) behavior [1,2], influence human driving behavior [3]. Car-following behavior, illustrating how a following vehicle responds to the lead vehicle in the same lane, is a crucial aspect. Existing car-following models often make assumptions about homogeneous drivers, neglecting significant heterogeneity in driving experience, gender, character, emotions, and sociological, psychological, and physiological traits. Failing to account for this heterogeneity hampers a comprehensive understanding of car-following behavior, limiting model accuracy and applicability. In the development of more realistic car-following models for mixed traffic, acknowledging the diversity among drivers is crucial. By including individual variations such as risk-taking tendencies, reaction times, decision-making processes, and driving styles, the modeling of real-world driving complexities can be improved. Simplifying drivers into a few categories overlooks the richness and variety of their characteristics, prompting the need for a more comprehensive approach to capture nuances within different driver profiles. To address these Smart Cities}, subject = {Autonomes Fahrzeug}, language = {en} } @article{KeferLimbachPapeetal.2024, author = {Kefer, Stefan and Limbach, Tobias and Pape, Natalie and Klamt, Kathrin and Schmauss, Bernhard and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Birefringence in Injection-Molded Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Substrates and Its Impact on Integrated Photonic Structures}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {16}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {2}, doi = {10.3390/polym16020168}, pages = {168 -- 168}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This contribution quantifies the birefringence within injection-molded cyclic olefin copolymer plates and discusses its impact on the mechanical properties of the plates. It also focuses on the impact of birefringence on integrated waveguides and Bragg gratings and provides fabrication guidelines for such structures. The anisotropy in all three dimensions of the workpiece is examined by means of polarimetry and a prism coupler. It is found that the birefringence is inhomogenously distributed within the workpieces, whereas the maximum birefringence not only varies locally, but also depends on the observation direction. Overall, a maximum birefringence of 10 × 10-4 is found at the plate's surface near the injection gate. The anisotropy then reduces exponentially towards the center of the workpiece and saturates at 1.8 × 10-4, in a depth of 0.4 mm. Thus, the birefringence strongly affects near-surface photonic structures. It is found that, depending on their orientation and the local birefringence of the substrate, waveguides and Bragg gratings fabricated with comparable parameters behave completely differently in terms of polarization-dependent optical attenuation, cross-sectional intensity distribution and Bragg reflection signal. For example, the support of the TM mode can vary between total loss and an optical attenuation of 0.9 dB × cm-1. In consequence, this study underlines the importance of quantifying the birefringent state of an injection-molded cyclic olefin copolymer workpiece if it is supposed to serve as a substrate for integrated photonic structures. The study furthermore demonstrates that birefringence effects can be omitted by burying the photonic structures deeper into the volume of the thermoplastic.}, subject = {Bragg-Reflektor}, language = {en} } @article{TrentThielemannMonici2024, author = {Trent, Davis and Thielemann, Christiane and Monici, Monica}, title = {How are cell and tissue structure and function influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms?}, series = {npj Microgravity}, volume = {2014}, journal = {npj Microgravity}, number = {10 / 16}, doi = {10.1038/s41526-024-00357-9}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Progress in mechanobiology allowed us to better understand the important role of mechanical forces in the regulation of biological processes. Space research in the field of life sciences clearly showed that gravity plays a crucial role in biological processes. The space environment offers the unique opportunity to carry out experiments without gravity, helping us not only to understand the effects of gravitational alterations on biological systems but also the mechanisms underlying mechanoperception and cell/tissue response to mechanical and gravitational stresses. Despite the progress made so far, for future space exploration programs it is necessary to increase our knowledge on the mechanotransduction processes as well as on the molecular mechanisms underlying microgravity-induced cell and tissue alterations. This white paper reports the suggestions and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community for the elaboration of the section of the European Space Agency roadmap "Biology in Space and Analogue Environments" focusing on "How are cells and tissues influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms?" The knowledge gaps that prevent the Science Community from fully answering this question and the activities proposed to fill them are discussed.}, subject = {Zellkultur}, language = {en} } @article{StierXuGoldetal.2024, author = {Stier, Simon P. and Xu, Xukuan and Gold, Lukas and M{\"o}ckel, Michael}, title = {Ontology-Based Battery Production Dataspace and Its Interweaving with Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Data Analytics}, series = {Energy Technology}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Energy Technology}, number = {2301305}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202301305}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, encompasses a variety of heart conditions that can result in sudden death for many people. Examples include high blood pressure, ischaemia, irregular heartbeats and pericardial effusion. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is frequently used to diagnose heart diseases, providing crucial information on how the heart functions. To analyse ECG signals, quantile graphs (QGs) is a method that maps a time series into a network based on the time-series fluctuation proprieties. Here, we demonstrate that the QG methodology can differentiate younger and older patients. Furthermore, we construct networks from the QG method and use machine-learning algorithms to perform the automatic diagnosis, obtaining high accuracy. Indeed, we verify that this method can automatically detect changes in the ECG of elderly and young subjects, with the highest classification performance for the adjacency matrix with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve close to one. The findings reported here confirm the QG method's utility in deciphering intricate, nonlinear signals like those produced by patient ECGs. Furthermore, we find a more significant, more connected and lower distribution of information networks associated with the networks from ECG data of the elderly compared with younger subjects. Finally, this methodology can be applied to other ECG data related to other diseases, such as ischaemia.}, subject = {Batterie}, language = {en} } @article{AlvesCibadeOToutainetal.2024, author = {Alves, Caroline L. and Ciba, Manuel and de O Toutain, Thaise Graziele L and Moura Porto, Joel Augusto and de Sena, Eduardo Pond{\´e} and Thielemann, Christiane and Rodrigues, Francisco A.}, title = {On the advances in machine learning and complex network measures to an EEG dataset from DMT experiments}, series = {Journal of Physics: Complexity}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Complexity}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1088/2632-072X/ad1c68}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2024}, abstract = {There is a growing interest in the medical use of psychedelic substances, as preliminary studies using them for psychiatric disorders have shown positive results. In particular, one of these substances is N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an agonist serotonergic psychedelic that can induce profound alterations in the state of consciousness. In this work, we use an exploratory tool to reveal DMT-induced changes in brain activity using EEG data and provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of this psychedelic substance. We used a two-class classification based on (A) the connectivity matrix or (B) complex network measures derived from it as input to a support vector machine. We found that both approaches could detect changes in the brain's automatic activity, with case (B) showing the highest AUC (89\%), indicating that complex network measurements best capture the brain changes that occur due to DMT use. In the second step, we ranked the features that contributed the most to this result. For case (A), we found that differences in the high alpha, low beta, and delta frequency bands were most important in distinguishing between the state before and after DMT inhalation, which is consistent with the results described in the literature. Further, the connection between the temporal (TP8) and central cortex (C3) and between the precentral gyrus (FC5) and the lateral occipital cortex (P8) contributed most to the classification result. The connection between regions TP8 and C3 has been found in the literature associated with finger movements that might have occurred during DMT consumption. However, the connection between cortical areas FC5 and P8 has not been found in the literature and is presumably related to the volunteers' emotional, visual, sensory, perceptual, and mystical experiences during DMT consumption. For case (B), closeness centrality was the most crucial complex network measure. Furthermore, we discovered larger communities and longer average path lengths when DMT was used and the converse when not, showing that the balance between functional segregation and integration had been disrupted. These findings support the idea that cortical brain activity becomes more entropic under psychedelics. Overall, a robust computational workflow has been developed here with interpretability of how DMT (or other psychedelics) modify brain networks and insights into their mechanism of action. Finally, the same methodology applied here may help interpret EEG time series from patients who consumed other psychedelic drugs.}, subject = {Neuronales Netz}, language = {en} }