@article{SallumAlvesThielemannetal.2024, author = {Sallum, Loriz Francisco and Alves, Caroline and Thielemann, Christiane and Rodrigues, Francisco A.}, title = {Revealing patterns in major depressive disorder with machine learning and networks}, series = {medrxiv}, volume = {2024}, journal = {medrxiv}, number = {1}, doi = {doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.07.24308619}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. There is an urgent need for an automated and objective method to detect MDD due to the limitations of traditional diagnostic approaches. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on machine and deep learning to classify patients with MDD and identify altered functional connectivity patterns from EEG data. We compare several connectivity metrics and machine learning algorithms. Complex network measures are used to identify structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Using Spearman correlation for network construction and the SVM classifier, we verify that it is possible to identify MDD patients with high accuracy, exceeding literature results. The SHAP (SHAPley Additive Explanations) summary plot highlights the importance of C4-F8 connections and also reveals dysfunction in certain brain areas and hyperconnectivity in others. Despite the lower performance of the complex network measures for the classification problem, assortativity was found to be a promising biomarker. Our findings suggest that understanding and diagnosing MDD may be aided by the use of machine learning methods and complex networks.}, subject = {Depression}, language = {en} } @article{SzewczykMoniciThielemann2024, author = {Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. and Monici, Monica and Thielemann, Christiane}, title = {How to obtain an integrated picture of the molecular networks involved in adaptation to microgravity in different biological systems?}, series = {npj Microgravity}, volume = {2024}, journal = {npj Microgravity}, number = {10}, doi = {DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00395-3}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Periodically, the European Space Agency (ESA) updates scientific roadmaps in consultation with the scientific community. The ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper (SSCWP) 9, "Biology in Space and Analogue Environments", focusses in 5 main topic areas, aiming to address key community-identified knowledge gaps in Space Biology. Here we present one of the identified topic areas, which is also an unanswered question of life science research in Space: "How to Obtain an Integrated Picture of the Molecular Networks Involved in Adaptation to Microgravity in Different Biological Systems?" The manuscript reports the main gaps of knowledge which have been identified by the community in the above topic area as well as the approach the community indicates to address the gaps not yet bridged. Moreover, the relevance that these research activities might have for the space exploration programs and also for application in industrial and technological fields on Earth is briefly discussed.}, subject = {Weltraumforschung}, language = {en} } @book{Lauer, author = {Lauer, Thomas}, title = {Change Management: Grundlagen und Erfolgsfaktoren}, edition = {3., vollst{\"a}ndig {\"u}berarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage}, publisher = {Springer Gabler}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-59101-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-59102-4}, subject = {Change Management}, language = {de} } @techreport{JostMink2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jost, Thomas and Mink, Reimund}, title = {Central bank losses and commercial bank profits - unexpected and unfair?}, series = {IMFS Working Paper Series No. 199}, journal = {IMFS Working Paper Series No. 199}, pages = {35}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The Eurosystem and the Deutsche Bundesbank will incur substantial losses in 2023 that are likely to persist for several years. Due to the massive purchases of securities in the last 10 years, especially of government bonds, the banks' excess reserves have risen sharply. The resulting high interest payments to the banks since the turnaround in monetary poli-cy, with little income for the large-scale securities holdings, led to massive criticism. The banks were said to be making "unfair" profits as a result, while the fiscal authorities had to forego the previously customary transfers of central bank profits. Populist demands to limit bank profits by, for example, drastically increasing the minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem to reduce excess reserves are creating new severe problems and are neither justified nor helpful. Ultimately, the EU member states have benefited for a very long time from historically low interest rates because of the Eurosystem's extraordinary loose monetary policy and must now bear the flip side consequences of the massive expansion of central bank balance sheets during the necessary period of monetary policy normalisa-tion.}, subject = {Notenbank}, language = {en} } @misc{JostMink2024, author = {Jost, Thomas and Mink, Reimund}, title = {How to deal with the negative effects of inflated central bank balance sheets?}, organization = {SUERF}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Due to the massive purchases of securities in the last 15 years central banks incur substantial losses likely to persist for several years. On the other hand, the banking sector gains large profits from interest payments on their excess reserves holdings. Central banks and fiscal authorities must now bear the flip side consequences of their bond purchase programs. Populist demands to limit bank profits by drastically increasing minimum reserve ratios in the Eurosystem are creating new severe problems. Instead, a consistent and faster normalisation of central bank balance sheets would be desirable. Central banks should also no longer be central players in government bond markets to restore the lost boundaries between fiscal and monetary policy.}, subject = {Europ{\"a}ische Zentralbank}, language = {en} } @book{HofmannScheidler2024, author = {Hofmann, Georg Rainer and Scheidler, Percy}, title = {Chief Qualification Officer (CQO) und Weiterbildungsmentoren}, isbn = {978-3-9826305-0-2}, pages = {32}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Alte Weisheiten wie „Schuster bleib bei deinem Leisten!" oder auch „Was das H{\"a}nschen nicht lernt, das lernt der Hans nimmermehr" haben in der heutigen, sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt ihren Sinn verloren. Das bedeutet, dass sich die komplette Belegschaft lebenslang weiterbilden muss, idealerweise mit Unterst{\"u}tzung des Arbeitgebers. In der Ver{\"o}ffentlichung "Chief Qualification Officers (CQOs) und Weiterbildungsmentoren - Thesen und Argumente" wird unter anderem das paradoxe Verh{\"a}ltnis von Arbeitslosigkeit und Fachkr{\"a}ftemangel erl{\"a}utert, das Marktversagen im Weiterbildungsmarkt beschrieben und die Forderung nach einem Weiterbildungsbeauftragten (CQO) begr{\"u}ndet.}, subject = {Weiterbildung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SmeetsRoetzel2024, author = {Smeets, Mario and R{\"o}tzel, Peter}, title = {The Moderating Role of Non-Monetary Gamification in Reducing Algorithm Aversion in the Adoption of AI-based Decision Support Systems}, series = {ECIS - European Conference on Information Systems}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {ECIS - European Conference on Information Systems}, number = {1}, pages = {1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into decision-making processes is key to improving organizational performance. However, trust in AI-based decision support systems (DSSs), similar to other information systems, is important for successful integration. A disruptive phenomenon, "algorithm aversion", can impede AI trust and, thus, acceptance. Although AI recommendations outperform human recommendations in different decision-making fields, individuals underweight recommendations from AI-based DSSs compared to human decision-makers due to a lack of AI trust. We conducted a lab experiment to investigate the role of AI recommendations in workplace-related tasks, first focusing on the mediating effect of AI trust and the negative impact of algorithm aversion on decision-making performance and the moderating effect of technical competence. Second, we analyzed the ability of gamification to reduce this phenomenon. We provide evidence regarding how to enhance decision-making performance when AI recommendations are deployed and identify countermeasures against algorithm aversion to facilitate the adoption of AI-based DSSs.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SauerHoppeBruhm2024, author = {Sauer, Jonas and Hoppe, Florian and Bruhm, Hartmut}, title = {Modellierung des Antriebsstrangs einer Textilmaschine zum Zweck der modellbasierten Steuerung}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2024, 20. Konferenz}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2024, 20. Konferenz}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33968/2024.33}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Zur Produktion von gewirkten Textilien werden mehrere Nadeln auf eine Legebarre gesetzt, die durch Servoantriebe positioniert werden. Aufgrund der erzwungenen Bewegung kann der Antriebsstrang bei hohen Drehzahlen zur Schwingung angeregt werden. Die richtige Wahl der Steuerkurven ist daher eine sehr wichtige und anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, die durch ein Antriebsstrangmodell unterst{\"u}tzt werden soll. Daf{\"u}r wird am Beispiel eines Teststands ein Modell des Antriebsstranges in MATLAB/Simulink® entwickelt. F{\"u}r das Antriebsstrangmodell m{\"u}ssen eine geeignete Modellordnung und Modellparameter gew{\"a}hlt werden. Die unbekannten Modellparameter werden durch eine Parameteridentifikation ermittelt. Mit einer Validierung wird ein geeignetes Anregungsspektrum f{\"u}r die Bestimmung der Modellordnung und die Parameteridentifikation ermittelt.}, subject = {Textilmaschine}, language = {de} } @book{LeimeisterSchumacherWenderoth2023, author = {Leimeister, Katja and Schumacher, Meike and Wenderoth, Lucia}, title = {Krisen und Auswege : Ringvorlesung im Wintersemester 2022/2023 an der TH Aschaffenburg}, editor = {Hofmann, Georg Rainer and Alm, Wolfgang}, publisher = {IMI Verlag, TH Aschaffenburg}, address = {Aschaffenburg}, organization = {TH Aschaffenburg}, isbn = {978-3-9823413-6-1}, pages = {44}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Krisen gab es schon immer. Aktuell hat sich jedoch ein ganzes Spektrum an Krisen entfaltet - es gibt politische und milit{\"a}rische Krisen, es brechen Energiem{\"a}rke und Lieferketten weg, wir sehen ganze Branchen gef{\"a}hrdet, auch die Gesundheit macht uns Sorgen, vom Klimawandel ganz zu schweigen. In den Veranstaltungen der Ringvorlesung „Krisen und Auswege", die im Wintersemester 2022/2023 stattfand, wurden Ph{\"a}nomene, Konzepte und L{\"o}sungen aus vielf{\"a}ltiger Perspektive erschlossen und damit die Komplexit{\"a}t des Gegenstands aufgezeigt. Herausforderungen f{\"u}r Unternehmen und Privatpersonen wurden identifiziert sowie der Einfluss auf technologische und organisatorische Entwicklungswege dargelegt. In dieser Publikation wurden die einzelnen Vortr{\"a}ge der Ringvorlesung von den Autorinnen zusammengefasst.}, subject = {Krise}, language = {de} } @book{AlmHofmannReuteretal.2023, author = {Alm, Wolfgang and Hofmann, Georg Rainer and Reuter, Carsten and Ruppert, Erich and Schumacher, Meike and Leimeister, Katja and Schmitt, Joachim and Wenderoth, Lucia}, title = {15 Jahre Wissenstransfer am Information Management Institut (IMI)}, organization = {TH Aschaffenburg}, isbn = {978-3-9823413-8-5}, pages = {78}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Im Sommer des Jahres 2022 hatte der Bayerische Landtag das neue Hochschulinnovationsgesetz (BayHIG) verabschiedet. Darin ist erstmals der Wissenstransfer als die dritte, neue S{\"a}ule der Hochschulaufgaben enthalten. Tats{\"a}chlich hat sich das IMI bereits seit 15 Jahren dem Wissenstransfer Hochschule - Wirtschaft verschrieben und zahlreiche Projekte mit unterschiedlichem Fokus erfolgreich durchgef{\"u}hrt. In der vorliegenden Publikation werden die bearbeiteten Themen im Wissenstransfer, die zahlreichen verschiedenen Veranstaltungsformate sowie die Drittmittelprojekte beleuchtet.}, subject = {Informationsmanagement}, language = {de} } @book{Hofmann2023, author = {Hofmann, Georg Rainer}, title = {Vertrauen als ein Verh{\"a}ltnis zwischen Menschen und Maschinen}, editor = {Alm, Wolfgang and Hofmann, Georg Rainer}, publisher = {IMI Verlag, TH Aschaffenburg}, address = {Aschaffenburg}, isbn = {978-3-9823413-7-8}, pages = {40}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der technische Fortschritt von IT-Systemen, wie zum Beispiel der sogenannten „K{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz" (KI) oder den „Common Data Spaces" (CDSs), bringt die Frage nach der Akzeptanz dieser Systeme mit sich. Sowohl die aktive ({\"o}konomische) Akzeptanz in Form des Erwerbs und der Nutzung, als auch die passive (soziale) Akzeptanz in Form der Duldung der aktiven Nutzung durch Dritte, sind f{\"u}r den Erfolg von IT-Systemen ausschlaggebend. Eine geringe Akzeptanz der Systeme und ein mangelndes Vertrauen in dieselben wird in einen Zusammenhang gebracht: Man fragt nach der Gestaltung „zuverl{\"a}ssiger und vertrauensw{\"u}rdiger Systeme", da diese besonders akzeptiert werden. In diesem Beitrag werden „Vertrauen" und dessen Zusammenhang mit „Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit" und „Verstehen" im Kontext von IT-Systemen er{\"o}rtert.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {de} } @article{LutzHelmTschirpkeetal.2023, author = {Lutz, Christian and Helm, Jonas and Tschirpke, Katrin and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Drilling Sequence Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms to Reduce Heat Accumulation for Femtosecond Laser Drilling with Multi-Spot Beam Profiles}, series = {MDPI Materials}, volume = {2023}, journal = {MDPI Materials}, number = {16/5775}, doi = {10.3390/ma16175775}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We report on laser drilling borehole arrays using ultrashort pulsed lasers with a particular focus on reducing the inadvertent heat accumulation across the workpiece by optimizing the drilling sequence. For the optimization, evolutionary algorithms are used and their results are verified by thermal simulation using Comsol and experimentally evaluated using a thermal imaging camera. To enhance process efficiency in terms of boreholes drilled per second, multi-spot approaches are employed using a spatial light modulator. However, as higher temperatures occur across the workpiece when using simultaneous multi-spot drilling as compared to a single-spot process, a subtle spatial distribution and sequence of the multi-spot approach has to be selected in order to limit the resulting local heat input over the processing time. Different optimization approaches based on evolutionary algorithms aid to select those drilling sequences which allow for the combination of a high efficiency of multi-spot profiles, a low-generated process temperature and a high-component quality. In particular, using a 4 x 4 laser spot array allows for the drilling of 40,000 boreholes in less than 76 s (526 boreholes/s) with a reduced temperature increase by about 35\%, as compared to a single spot process when employing an optimized drilling sequence.}, subject = {Laserbohren}, language = {en} } @article{LutzSchwarzMarxetal.2023, author = {Lutz, Christian and Schwarz, Simon and Marx, Jan and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Multi-Bessel Beams Generated by an Axicon and a Spatial Light Modulator for Drilling Applications}, series = {MDPI Photonics}, volume = {2023}, journal = {MDPI Photonics}, number = {10/413}, doi = {10.3390/photonics10040413}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We report on an optical setup to generate multi-Bessel beam profiles combining a refractive axicon and a spatial light modulator. Based on their particular beam profile, Bessel beams offer advantageous properties for micro drilling processes and internal volume processing, especially for transparent materials. In addition, the laser power of industrial, ultrashort pulsed lasers has increased significantly over the last few years, offering the possibility for highly efficient processes using multi-spot profiles. Our optical concept combines the dynamic possibilities of beam splitting using a spatial light modulator with the benefits of Bessel beams, which facilitates multi-Bessel beam processing. Beside the simulation and experimental evaluation of the generated multi-Bessel beams, we exemplify the applicability of the developed module for the perforation of thin metal foils by micro drilling.}, subject = {Bessel-B{\"u}ndel}, language = {en} } @article{SommerEsenHellmann2023, author = {Sommer, David and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Static and Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Hybrid-PBF-LB/M-Built and Hot Isostatic Pressed Lattice Structures}, series = {Mechanical Properties of Polymeric, Metallic, and Composite Materials}, volume = {16}, journal = {Mechanical Properties of Polymeric, Metallic, and Composite Materials}, number = {9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093556}, pages = {1 -- 14}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We report on a comprehensive study of the mechanical properties of maraging steel body-centred cubic lattice structures fabricated by a hybrid additive manufacturing technology that combines laser powder bed fusion with in situ high-speed milling. As the mechanical properties of additive manufactured components are inferior to, e.g., cast components, surface modifications can improve the mechanical behaviour. Different hybrid additive manufacturing technologies have been designed using additive and subtractive processes, improving process quality. Following this, mechanical testing is performed with respect to static tensile properties and dynamic stress, hardness, and porosity, comparing specimens manufactured by laser powder bed fusion only to those manufactured by the hybrid approach. In addition, the influence of different heat-treatment techniques on the mechanical behaviour of the lattice structures is investigated, namely solution and aging treatment as well as hot isostatic pressing. Thus, the influence of the superior surface quality due to the hybrid approach is evaluated, leading to, e.g., an offset of about 14-16\% for the static testing of HIP lattice structures. Furthermore, the dynamic load behaviour can be improved with a finished surface, heading to a shift of the different zones of fatigue behaviour in the testing of hybrid-built specimens.}, subject = {Isostatisches Heißpressen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MarxEsenLutzetal.2023, author = {Marx, Jan and Esen, Cemal and Lutz, Christian and Hellmann, Ralf and Ostendorf, Andreas}, title = {Holographic tuning of physical axicons}, volume = {2023}, number = {154}, publisher = {LiM 2023 Proceedings}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Axicon generated Bessel beams are a popular tool for high aspect ratio precision laser drilling. Spot diameter and working distance are given by the geometric parameters of the axicon and the wavelength used. Thus, it is difficult to manipulate the beam shape of a Bessel beam for a given setup. Spatial light modulators (SLMs) overcome limitations in flexibility. However, due to the limited phase shift of SLMs, only Bessel beams with flat cone angles and large focal length can be generated. In this contribution, an approach for generating Bessel beams with a shorter, but tunable focal length is presented. A physical axicon was combined with an SLM. A holographic image of a negative axicon is put on the SLM to generate a ring beam, which is focused by a subsequent physical axicon to get a small focal diameter. Thus, different sized high aspect ratio micro holes can be drilled without using any moving components.}, subject = {Bessel-B{\"u}ndel}, language = {en} } @article{FlachsZhukovZechetal.2024, author = {Flachs, Dennis and Zhukov, Sergey and Zech, Isabella and Schreck, Timo and Belle, Stefan and von Seggern, Heiinz and Kupnik, Mario and Altmann, Alexander Anton and Thielemann, Christiane}, title = {Enzymatic Self-Degradable PLA-Based Electrets}, series = {Journal of Polymers and the Environment}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Journal of Polymers and the Environment}, number = {1}, doi = {Journal of https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03240-6}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In recent years, the demand for sustainable and degradable materials and electronic devices has increased significantly. Among a range of biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a good alternative to conventional petrol-based polymers because of its attractive mechanical properties and its easy processability. Recently, PLA has also been described as a promising dielectric material with piezoelectric and electret properties. We expect that PLA—after further optimization— will play an important role as a material for environmentally friendly sensors in the future, where first applications such as air filters and pressure sensors have already been proposed. However, degradation under normal ambient conditions is very slow, and an accelerated and controllable degradation process is highly desirable for any type of PLA-based sensors. Enzymatic hydrolysis with embedded enzymes has been proposed as an approach to accelerate and control degradation. In this work, we investigate the properties of PLA in terms of dielectric and mechanical properties with a focus on its ability to store charges after the enzyme proteinase K (Trit. album) has been incorporated. Results reveal that proteinase K has a positive effect on the charge stability of solvent-cast PLA electrets after complete evaporation of the solvent. Furthermore, we observed a concentration-dependent acceleration of mass loss in a Tris-HCl buffer. A fast degradation within only one day occurred at a concentration of 6 wt\% proteinase K.}, subject = {Biologisch abbaubarer Kunststoff}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SauerGorksSpielmannetal.2023, author = {Sauer, Timm and Gorks, Manuel and Spielmann, Luca and Hepp, Nils and Zindler, Klaus and Jumar, Ulrich}, title = {AI-based control approaches for lateral vehicle guidance of industrial trucks}, series = {IFAC WC 2023 - The 22nd World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control 2023, Yokohama, Japan, 09.07.2023 - 14.07.2023}, booktitle = {IFAC WC 2023 - The 22nd World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control 2023, Yokohama, Japan, 09.07.2023 - 14.07.2023}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1501.}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Two different control concepts for the automatic track guidance of forklifts are proposed. Both approaches are based on Reinforcement Learning (RL), a method of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and are able to take into account time-variant parameters, such as the vehicle velocity, and to reduce the influence of the path curvature, the most important disturbance variable of lateral vehicle control. In the first approach, both, the path curvature and the vehicle velocity signal, are provided to the controller in addition to the state variables of the controlled system. By varying the corresponding parameters in the training process, both signals can be considered and the control parameters can be optimized accordingly. In the second approach, several controllers (multi-model concept) considering the path curvature are used and the varying vehicle velocity is taken into account using a gain-scheduling concept. Considering time-variant vehicle parameters and the influence of the disturbance variable during operation, a stable track guidance is guaranteed within the whole speed range of the industrial trucks.}, subject = {Flurf{\"o}rderer}, language = {en} } @article{BalleisWagner1998, author = {Balleis, Kristina and Wagner, Stefan}, title = {Haftung f{\"u}r Wildsch{\"a}den in gemeinschaftlichen Jagdbezirken}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Jagdwissenschaft}, volume = {44}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Jagdwissenschaft}, number = {Juni}, pages = {85 -- 93}, year = {1998}, subject = {Jagdrecht}, language = {de} } @article{Balleis2000, author = {Balleis, Kristina}, title = {Keine Heilbarkeit eines Mangels unzureichender interkommunaler Abstimmung im erg{\"a}nzenden Verfahren nach \S215 a BauGB, Urteilsbesprechung}, series = {Verwaltungsrecht f{\"u}r die Anwaltspraxis}, volume = {2000}, journal = {Verwaltungsrecht f{\"u}r die Anwaltspraxis}, number = {6}, pages = {192 -- 192}, year = {2000}, subject = {Deutschland, Baugesetzbuch}, language = {de} } @article{Balleis2000, author = {Balleis, Kristina}, title = {Rechtswidrigkeit einer Vorkaufssatzung zur Sicherung st{\"a}dtebaulicher Entwicklung, Urteilsbesprechung}, series = {Verwaltungsrecht f{\"u}r die Anwaltspraxis}, volume = {2000}, journal = {Verwaltungsrecht f{\"u}r die Anwaltspraxis}, number = {5}, pages = {155 -- 155}, year = {2000}, subject = {Stadtentwicklung}, language = {de} } @article{Balleis1997, author = {Balleis, Kristina}, title = {Zul{\"a}ssigkeit und Notwendigkeit einer landesgesetzlichen Verbandsklage im Wasserrecht}, series = {Recht der Natur / Schnellbrief}, volume = {1997}, journal = {Recht der Natur / Schnellbrief}, number = {47}, pages = {18 -- 19}, year = {1997}, subject = {Verbandsklage}, language = {de} } @book{BalleisSchramlWagner1997, author = {Balleis, Kristina and Schraml, Ulrich and Wagner, Stefan}, title = {Jagdrecht und Verbandsklage : aktuelle Fragen des Jagdrechts und der Mitwirkungs- und Klagerechte von Naturschutzverb{\"a}nden im Wasserrecht}, publisher = {RIWA-Verlag}, address = {Augsburg}, isbn = {3-932374-01-0}, pages = {117}, year = {1997}, subject = {Verbandsklage}, language = {de} } @book{BalleisBielingHufnagletal.1995, author = {Balleis, Kristina and Bieling, Alfons and Hufnagl, Natalie and Kleinschmit von Lengefeld, Andreas and Riehtm{\"u}ller, Anne and R{\"o}hrscheid, Stefan and Suda, Michael and Timinger, Michael and Wagner, Stefan and Wiegmann, Stefanie}, title = {Rechtliche und fachliche Aspekte des Erhalts sch{\"u}tzenswerter W{\"a}lder}, publisher = {Fachverband Forst}, address = {Augsburg}, pages = {34}, year = {1995}, subject = {Forstschutz}, language = {de} } @book{WoerlenMetzlerMuellerKokemooretal.2022, author = {W{\"o}rlen, Rainer and Metzler-M{\"u}ller, Karin and Kokemoor, Axel and Balleis, Kristina}, title = {Schuldrecht BT}, publisher = {Vahlen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-8006-6546-4}, pages = {298}, year = {2022}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {de} } @book{WoerlenMetzlerMuellerBalleisetal.2023, author = {W{\"o}rlen, Rainer and Metzler-M{\"u}ller, Karin and Balleis, Kristina and Kokemoor, Axel}, title = {BGB AT}, publisher = {Vahlen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-8006-6833-5}, pages = {259}, year = {2023}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {de} } @book{WoerlenMetzlerMuellerBalleisetal.2023, author = {W{\"o}rlen, Rainer and Metzler-M{\"u}ller, Karin and Balleis, Kristina and Kokemoor, Axel}, title = {Schuldrecht AT}, publisher = {Vahlen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-8006-7242-4}, pages = {260}, year = {2023}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RoetzelFehrenbacher2024, author = {R{\"o}tzel, Peter and Fehrenbacher, Dennis}, title = {Information Overload in Decision Support Systems}, series = {International Symposium on Accounting Information Systems}, volume = {2024}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Accounting Information Systems}, address = {Paphos}, year = {2024}, subject = {Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzungssystem}, language = {en} } @article{GvozdovskyyBratovaKazantsevaetal.2023, author = {Gvozdovskyy, Igor and Bratova, Daria and Kazantseva, Z. and Malyuta, S. and Lytvyn, Petro and Schwarz, Simon and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Light-controllable hybrid aligning layer based on LIPSS on sapphire surface and PVCN-F film}, series = {Journal of Molecular Liquids}, volume = {387}, journal = {Journal of Molecular Liquids}, number = {keine}, doi = {10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122623}, pages = {122623 -- 122623}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The creation of aligning layers for the uniform orientation of liquid crystals is significant for both research and the application of liquid crystals. For all applications, the creation of aligning layers possessing controllable characteristics such as azimuthal and polar anchoring energies, easy-axis of director alignment and pretilt angle, in the same way as it is achieved by using photoaligning layers processed by light, is very important. Here, aligning properties of hybrid aligning layers created on the basis of sapphire surfaces additionally coated by photoaligning layer of PVCN-F are studied. These hybrid layers possess the properties of the nano-structured sapphire layer and the photosensitive PVCN-F layer, and complement each other. The irradiation time dependence of the azimuthal anchoring energy of the hybrid layers is studied. By using certain experimental conditions during irradiation of hybrid layers, e.g., polarization of light and irradiation time, a minimum value of the azimuthal anchoring energy, close to zero, was obtained. Atomic force microscope studies of the irradiated hybrid layers were also carried out. It was found that the behavior of the contact angle of nematic droplets placed on treated sapphire surfaces are in good agreement with properties of hybrid aligning layers and parameters of structuring surface obtained from AFM images.}, subject = {Fl{\"u}ssigkristall}, language = {de} } @book{Borgeest2023, author = {Borgeest, Kai}, title = {内燃机测量技术和试验台架}, publisher = {China Machine Press}, isbn = {978-7-111-71807-9}, year = {2023}, subject = {Verbrennungsmotor}, language = {mul} } @article{HaefnerBischoffHelmetal.2023, author = {H{\"a}fner, Tom and Bischoff, Kay and Helm, Jonas and Kunz, Tim and Rung, Stefan and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {KEINE FREISCHALTUNG - Urheberrecht 0 bei Dokument mit Volltext Picosecond laser microvia drilling of ABF material using MHz burst mode}, series = {Materials Research Express}, volume = {10}, journal = {Materials Research Express}, number = {9}, pages = {096301 -- 096311}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We report on a comprehensive study of laser percussion microvia drilling of Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF) material using an ultrashort pulsed laser in MHz burst mode. After laser processing, microvia drilling quality is being evaluated by the fabricated diameter and taper using laser scanning microscopy and metallography. The influences of the incubation effect, heat accumulation and shielding effects as a result of pulse to pulse interactions are being discussed on the ablation threshold, penetration depth and laser microvia drilling quality. We find that an increasing heat accumulation in MHz burst mode processing is responsible for the void formation and delamination of the insulating ABF layer. Therefore, the parameter clearance is introduced to evaluate these effects on the microvia sidewalls. For a comparable clearance, applying 2 intra-burst pulses achieves an average reduced taper of down to 19.5\% compared to single pulse mode. At the same time, a reduced laser drilling time of 16.7\% per microvia highlights the enormous potential of the MHz burst mode for laser drilling of ABF material in printed circuit board fabrication.}, subject = {Ultrakurzzeitlaser}, language = {en} } @article{ZettlEsenHellmann2023, author = {Zettl, Julian and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Fundamental Considerations and Analysis of the Energy Distribution in Laser Turning with Ultrashort Laser Pulses}, series = {mdpi Micromachines}, volume = {14}, journal = {mdpi Micromachines}, number = {10}, doi = {10.3390/mi14101838}, pages = {1 -- 15}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This article discusses the process of the laser turning of rotational symmetric, cylindrical components using ultrashort laser pulses with respect to the geometrical conditions and the resulting energy distribution during the laser turning process. As a result, process predictions and potential process optimizations are feasible. Particular attention is drawn to the laser spot formation on the cylindrical surface of the work piece in conjunction with the positioning of the laser beam relative to the rotation axis of the specimen. Based on fundamental calculations and experimental results, an optimum processing strategy is discussed, whereat the use of a trepanning optic in the laser turning process and the forming of a particular surface structure is additionally being issued.}, subject = {Ultrakurzzeitlaser}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BischoffMueckeEsenetal.2023, author = {Bischoff, Kay and M{\"u}cke, Dominik and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {UV-Femtosecond-Laser Structuring of Silicon Carbide}, series = {International Congress on Applications of Lasers \& Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2023}, booktitle = {International Congress on Applications of Lasers \& Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2023}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We report on ultraviolet ultrashort pulsed laser processing of silicon carbide. Laser ablated cavities are evaluated with respect to their ablation rates, surface roughness and overall quality by varying the laser pulse fluence. Using this type of laser, high edge quality and surface roughness down to 107 nm can be achieved with an ablation efficiency of up to 0.228 mm 3 W -1 min -1. Functional surfaces are produced by generating laser induced periodic surface structures. The comparison with infrared wavelength underlines the advantages of the ultraviolet wavelength for laser micro machining this material. Significant differences with respect to the measured ablation depths and roughness as well as generated micro-and nanostructures appear. While infrared ablation is dominated by a chipping mechanism above a critical fluence of 9.93 Jcm -2 , higher ablation rates are observed with strong quality losses at the same time. In comparison to the infrared emission wavelength, in general , a significantly higher processing quality is achieved with the ultraviolet emission wavelength. In addition, the influence of spot size and repetition rate in UV processing is investigated. By increasing these parameters, a process acceleration without quality losses is enabled. The generation of a sophisticated microstructure exemplifies the advantages of processing silicon carbide with the UV laser reported here.}, subject = {Femtosekundenlaser}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BischoffEsenHellmann2023, author = {Bischoff, Kay and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Acceleration of Femtosecond Reductive Laser Sintering of Copper(II) Oxide for Conductive Copper Patterns on Cyclic Olefin Copolymers}, series = {International Congress on Applications of Lasers \& Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2023}, booktitle = {International Congress on Applications of Lasers \& Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2023}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We report on the acceleration of femtosecond reductive laser sintering of copper (II) oxide on the surface of transparent cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) by varying the focus size to generate metallic copper (Cu) layers. By using different focusing conditions, different process speeds are achieved, and the structural accuracies are controlled. The formation of Cu lines is observed for different focus sizes at various scan speeds, which is attributed to laser exposure duration and chemical reaction time. The formed lines are categorized and measured by optical microscopy and provide the basis for two-dimensional Cu surfaces. By hatching, high quality conductive films are produced with an increased focus diameter of up to 400 µm at a scan speed of 400 mm/s and a hatch distance of 250 µm resulting in a multiple increased process speed by a factor of thirteen compared to previous research. Using 4-tip measurement , a low sheet resistance of 0.165 Ω/sq was validated on these Cu films, which have an atomic Cu content of 89.5\%.}, subject = {Femtosekundenlaser}, language = {en} } @article{DobrovolskijStark2024, author = {Dobrovolskij, Dascha and Stark, Hans-Georg}, title = {Synthetic demand data generation for individual electricity consumers: Inpainting}, series = {Energy and AI}, volume = {15}, journal = {Energy and AI}, number = {Januar 2024}, pages = {100312 -- 100320}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this contribution we deal with the problem of producing "reasonable" data, when considering recorded energy consumption data, which are at certain sections incomplete and/or erroneous. This task is important, when energy providers employ prediction models for expected energy consumption, which are based on past recorded consumption data, which then of course should be reliable and valid. In a related contribution Yilmaz (2022), GAN-based methods for producing such "artificial data" have been investigated. In this contribution, we describe an alternative and complementary method based on signal inpainting, which has been successfully applied to audio processing Lieb and Stark (2018). After giving a short overview of the theory of proximity-based convex optimization, we describe and adapt an iterative inpainting scheme to our problem. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated by analyzing real-world-data provided by a German energy supplier.}, subject = {Energieverbrauch}, language = {en} } @article{LiebKnopp2021, author = {Lieb, Florian and Knopp, Tobias}, title = {A wavelet-based sparse row-action method for image reconstruction in magnetic particle imaging}, series = {Medical Physics}, volume = {48}, journal = {Medical Physics}, number = {7}, pages = {3893 -- 3903}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Purpose Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a preclinical imaging technique capable of visualizing the spatio-temporal distribution of magnetic nanoparticles. The image reconstruction of this fast and dynamic process relies on efficiently solving an ill-posed inverse problem. Current approaches to reconstruct the tracer concentration from its measurements are either adapted to image characteristics of MPI but suffer from higher computational complexity and slower convergence or are fast but lack in the image quality of the reconstructed images. Methods In this work we propose a novel MPI reconstruction method to combine the advantages of both approaches into a single algorithm. The underlying sparsity prior is based on an undecimated wavelet transform and is integrated into a fast row-action framework to solve the corresponding MPI minimization problem. Results Its performance is numerically evaluated against a classical FISTA (Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm) approach on simulated and real MPI data. The experimental results show that the proposed method increases image quality with significantly reduced computation times. Conclusions In comparison to state-of-the-art MPI reconstruction methods, our approach shows better reconstruction results and at the same time accelerates the convergence rate of the underlying row-action algorithm.}, subject = {Wavelet}, language = {en} } @article{BischoffEsenHellmann2023, author = {Bischoff, Kay and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Preparation of Dispersed Copper(II) Oxide Nanosuspensions as Precursor for Femtosecond Reductive Laser Sintering by High-Energy Ball Milling}, series = {Nanomaterials}, volume = {13}, journal = {Nanomaterials}, number = {19}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13192693}, pages = {2693 -- 2693}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This contribution demonstrates and discusses the preparation of finely dispersed copper(II) oxide nanosuspensions as precursors for reductive laser sintering (RLS). Since the presence of agglomerates interferes with the various RLS sub-processes, fine dispersion is required, and oversized particles must be identified by a measurement methodology. Aside from the established method of scanning electron microscopy for imaging individual dried particles, this work applies the holistic and statistically more significant laser diffraction in combination with dynamic image analysis in wet dispersion. In addition to direct ultrasonic homogenization, high-energy ball milling is introduced for RLS, to produce stable nanosuspensions with a high fine fraction, and, above all, the absence of oversize particles. Whereas ultrasonic dispersion stagnates at particle sizes between 500 nm and 20 μm, even after 8 h, milled suspension contains a high proportion of finest particles with diameters below 100 nm, no agglomerates larger than 1 μm and a trimodal particle size distribution with the median at 50 nm already, after 100 min of milling. The precursor layers produced by doctor blade coating are examined for their quality by laser scanning microscopy. The surface roughness of such a dry film can be reduced from 1.26 μm to 88 nm by milling. Finally, the novel precursor is used for femtosecond RLS, to produce homogeneous, high-quality copper layers with a sheet resistance of 0.28 Ω/sq and a copper mass concentration of 94.2\%.}, subject = {Laserstrahlsintern}, language = {en} } @article{BischoffKeferWienkeetal.2023, author = {Bischoff, Kay and Kefer, Stefan and Wienke, Alexander and Overmeyer, Ludger and Kaierle, Stefan and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Integration of Bragg gratings in aerosol-jetted polymer optical waveguides for strain monitoring capabilities}, series = {Optics Letters}, volume = {48}, journal = {Optics Letters}, number = {7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.481801}, pages = {1778 -- 1781}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We demonstrate and discuss the integration of Bragg gratings in aerosol-jetted polymer optical waveguides, produced in the optical assembly and connection technology for component-integrated bus systems (OPTAVER) process. By using a femtosecond laser and adaptive beam shaping, an elliptical focal voxel generates different types of single pulse modification by nonlinear absorption in the waveguide material, which are arranged periodically to form Bragg gratings. Integration of a single grating structure or, alternatively, an array of Bragg grating structures in the multimode waveguide yields a pronounced reflection signal with typical multimodal properties, i.e., a number of reflection peaks with non-Gaussian shapes. However, the main wavelength of reflection, located around 1555 nm, is evaluable by means of an appropriate smoothing algorithm. When loaded by mechanical bending, a pronounced Bragg wavelength shift of this reflected peak up to 160 pm is detected. This demonstrates that the additively manufactured waveguides can be used not only for signal transmission but also as a sensor.}, subject = {Bragg-Reflektor}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FranzMueckeKunzetal.2023, author = {Franz, Daniel and M{\"u}cke, Dominik and Kunz, Tim and Rung, Stefan and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {UV picosecond laser drilling of ABF film material for printed circuit boards using laser burst mode and beam shaping}, series = {International Congress on Applications of Lasers \& Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2023}, booktitle = {International Congress on Applications of Lasers \& Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2023}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We report on an experimental study of laser microvia percussion drilling of Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF) material using an ultrashort pulsed laser in the ultraviolet region. In order to optimize the drilling quality in terms of the fabricated taper and microvia diameter, the MHz burst mode is used in combination with both a Gaussian and a top-hat laser intensity distribution. To evaluate the influence of the top-hat beam shape on defocusing, microvias were drilled at different z-positions in the range of 200 μm evenly distributed around the focal plane. The drilling quality was evaluated by laser scanning microscopy and metallography. When using a top-hat beam shape, a reduced taper of down to 26.8 \% on average is achieved compared to a Gaussian beam. For the application of 3 intra-burst pulses, we find an improvement of the taper by 11.6\% compared to the single pulse mode due to the increasing heat accumulation. Using a top-hat beam shape in combination with the MHz burst mode, an 18.2 \% reduction in laser drilling time for a microvia with a similar taper is remarkable, demonstrating the high potential for scaling throughput in electronics manufacturing.}, subject = {Pikosekundenbereich}, language = {en} } @article{BischoffMueckeRothetal.2022, author = {Bischoff, Kay and M{\"u}cke, Dominik and Roth, Gian-Luca and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {UV-Femtosecond-Laser Structuring of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {14}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {14}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14142962}, pages = {2962 -- 2962}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We report on the laser ablation of cyclic olefin copolymer using an amplified ultrashort pulsed laser in the ultraviolet spectral range. In addition to a high ablation depth per laser-structured layer up to 74 μm at a fluence of 22 J cm-2, an excellent mean roughness 𝑅𝑎 of laser-patterned surfaces down to 0.5 μm is demonstrated. Furthermore, with increasing fluence, increasing ablation efficiencies up to 2.5 mm3 W-1 min-1 are determined. Regarding the quality of the ablation, we observed steep ablation flanks and low debris formation, though for fluences above 10.5 J cm-2 the formation of troughs was observed, being attributed to multiple reflections on the ablation flanks. For comparison, laser ablation was performed under identical conditions with an infrared laser wavelength. The results highlight that UV ablation exhibits significant advantages in terms of ablation efficiency, surface roughness and quality. Moreover, our results show that a larger UV focus spot accelerates the ablation process with comparable quality, paving the way for high-power UV ultrashort pulsed lasers towards an efficient and qualitative tool for the laser machining of cyclic olefin copolymer. The production of complex microfluidics further underlines the suitability of this type of laser.}, subject = {Femtosekundenlaser}, language = {en} } @article{FranzYangMicheletal.2023, author = {Franz, Daniel and Yang, Yongting and Michel, Luis and Esen, Cemal and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Evaluation of an ultrashort pulsed laser robot system for flexible and large-area micromachining}, series = {Journal of Laser Applications}, volume = {35}, journal = {Journal of Laser Applications}, number = {4}, pages = {042057 -- 042065}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We report for the first time on the realization, characterization and application of an ultrashort pulsed laser robot system for flexible and large-area 2D and 3D laser micromachining with 6 articulated axes. To characterize the dynamic positioning of the laser beam during and after axes movement, CMOS image sensors were integrated into the beam path. A method introduced for the alignment of the optical axes allows a reduction of the deviations in laser beam positioning to less than 141.8 ± 92.9 μm within a 110° rotation range of axis 4. In addition, a high laser beam positioning repeatability of less than 102.2 μm is demonstrated over a total period of 14 h for a movement of axis 5 within a range of 0° to 90°. Initial laser cutting, laser structuring and laser marking applications on automotive dashboards and glass substrates are presented for flexible and large area 2D and 3D manufacturing. By applying a special laser cutting strategy for processing AF 32 eco thin glass, high cutting quality is achieved with a taper of up to 96.3\% without the generation of cracks, demonstrating the innovative potential of the high-precision laser robot system. Nonetheless, different identified inherent influences of each axis 1-5 during robot axis movement demand for an innovative beam stabilization concept to achieve high precision in laser beam positioning.}, subject = {Ultrakurzzeitlaser}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DoehringStieglitzFriedrichetal.2023, author = {D{\"o}hring, Thorsten and Stieglitz, Veronika and Friedrich, Peter and Burwitz, Vadim and Jelinek, Martin and Hudec, Rene}, title = {Testing of lobster-eye type telescopes with X-rays and visible light}, series = {SPIE Proceedings}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {SPIE Proceedings}, number = {12576}, publisher = {SPIE}, organization = {TH Aschaffenburg}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665429}, pages = {1257606-1 -- 1257606-5}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Reflective coatings for astronomical X-ray optics were developed at the "Aschaffenburg Competence Center for Astronomical and Space Instrumentation" (ACCASI) since several years. As part of a Bavarian-Czech cooperation between the Technical University of Aschaffenburg and the Czech Technical University of Prague, now two mechanically identical telescopes were built. One telescope optic was equipped with conventional gold-coated mirrors, manufactured by the Czech project partners. The 34 X-ray mirrors of the second telescope use an innovative coating system made of chromium and iridium, which was applied at the Aschaffenburg coating laboratory. Both telescopes are designed according to the bionic principle of a reflecting lobster eye. The optics works with two consecutive reflections on mutually perpendicular mirror surfaces. This enables a large field of view with many square degrees in diameter, which, however, comes at the price of a reduced angular resolution. An extensive X-ray characterization of these telescopes was carried out at the PANTER test facility of MPE, which simulates parallel starlight incident on the telescopes. The telescopes have an angular resolution of about 4 arc minutes in X-rays and a focal length of about 2 meters. Furthermore, the used X-ray mirrors reflect and focus visible light as well and this functionality in the optical regime was checked in laboratory tests. Now another test campaign was done to examine the telescope resolution for real objects of the visible sky and the imaging properties for star constellations. Such functional tests by observing astronomical objects of the visible sky may simplify and accelerate the development of X-ray telescopes for satellite applications.}, subject = {R{\"o}ntgenteleskop}, language = {en} } @article{RaiynWeidl2024, author = {Raiyn, Jamal and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Predicting Autonomous Driving Behavior through Human Factor Considerations in Safety-Critical Events}, series = {Smart Cities}, volume = {7}, journal = {Smart Cities}, number = {1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ smartcities7010018}, pages = {460 -- 474}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This paper investigates the ability of autonomous driving systems to predict outcomes by considering human factors like gender, age, and driving experience, particularly in the context of safety-critical events. The primary objective is to equip autonomous vehicles with the capacity to make plausible deductions, handle conflicting data, and adjust their responses in real-time during safety-critical situations. A foundational dataset, which encompasses various driving scenarios such as lane changes, merging, and navigating complex intersections, is employed to enable vehicles to exhibit appropriate behavior and make sound decisions in critical safety events. The deep learning model incorporates personalized cognitive agents for each driver, considering their distinct preferences, characteristics, and requirements. This personalized approach aims to enhance the safety and efficiency of autonomous driving, contributing to the ongoing development of intelligent transportation systems. The efforts made contribute to advancements in safety, efficiency, and overall performance within autonomous driving systems. To describe the causal relationship between external factors like weather conditions and human factors, and safety-critical driver behaviors, various data mining techniques can be applied. One commonly used method is regression analysis. Additionally, correlation analysis is employed to reveal relationships between different factors, helping to identify the strength and direction of their impact on safety-critical driver behavior. Keywords: car following; decision making; driving behavior; naturalistic driving studies; safety-critical events; cognitive vehicles 1. Introduction Despite the increasing prevalence of vehicle automation, the persistently high number of car crashes remains a concern. Safety-critical events in human-driven scenarios have become more intricate and partially uncontrollable due to unforeseen circumstances. Investigating human driving behavior is imperative to establish traffic baselines for mixed traffic, encompassing traditional, automated, and autonomous vehicles (AVs). Various factors, such as weather conditions affecting visibility in longitudinal car-following (CF) behavior [1,2], influence human driving behavior [3]. Car-following behavior, illustrating how a following vehicle responds to the lead vehicle in the same lane, is a crucial aspect. Existing car-following models often make assumptions about homogeneous drivers, neglecting significant heterogeneity in driving experience, gender, character, emotions, and sociological, psychological, and physiological traits. Failing to account for this heterogeneity hampers a comprehensive understanding of car-following behavior, limiting model accuracy and applicability. In the development of more realistic car-following models for mixed traffic, acknowledging the diversity among drivers is crucial. By including individual variations such as risk-taking tendencies, reaction times, decision-making processes, and driving styles, the modeling of real-world driving complexities can be improved. Simplifying drivers into a few categories overlooks the richness and variety of their characteristics, prompting the need for a more comprehensive approach to capture nuances within different driver profiles. To address these Smart Cities}, subject = {Autonomes Fahrzeug}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KeferSchmaussHellmann2023, author = {Kefer, Stefan and Schmauss, Bernhard and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Sapphire-Based Planar Bragg Grating Devices}, series = {28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors}, booktitle = {28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors}, isbn = {978-1-957171-30-2}, doi = {10.1364/OFS.2023.W2.4}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This study reports on the long-term stability and the high-temperature capability of sapphire-based photonic crystal waveguides with integrated Bragg gratings. Furthermore, their Bragg grating reflectivity as well as their temperature sensitivity is quantified.}, subject = {Bragg-Reflektor}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KeferPapeSchmaussetal.2023, author = {Kefer, Stefan and Pape, Natalie and Schmauss, Bernhard and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Fabrication of Lattice-Like Waveguides in Planar Cyclic Olefin Copolymers}, series = {28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors}, booktitle = {28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors}, isbn = {978-1-957171-30-2}, doi = {10.1364/OFS.2023.Th6.69}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This work demonstrates the femtosecond laser-based fabrication of lattice-like waveguides in planar cyclic olefin copolymers. An overview of the fabrication process is provided and waveguiding in the C-band is proven via optical near-field analysis.}, subject = {Wellenleiter}, language = {en} } @article{KeferLimbachPapeetal.2024, author = {Kefer, Stefan and Limbach, Tobias and Pape, Natalie and Klamt, Kathrin and Schmauss, Bernhard and Hellmann, Ralf}, title = {Birefringence in Injection-Molded Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Substrates and Its Impact on Integrated Photonic Structures}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {16}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {2}, doi = {10.3390/polym16020168}, pages = {168 -- 168}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This contribution quantifies the birefringence within injection-molded cyclic olefin copolymer plates and discusses its impact on the mechanical properties of the plates. It also focuses on the impact of birefringence on integrated waveguides and Bragg gratings and provides fabrication guidelines for such structures. The anisotropy in all three dimensions of the workpiece is examined by means of polarimetry and a prism coupler. It is found that the birefringence is inhomogenously distributed within the workpieces, whereas the maximum birefringence not only varies locally, but also depends on the observation direction. Overall, a maximum birefringence of 10 × 10-4 is found at the plate's surface near the injection gate. The anisotropy then reduces exponentially towards the center of the workpiece and saturates at 1.8 × 10-4, in a depth of 0.4 mm. Thus, the birefringence strongly affects near-surface photonic structures. It is found that, depending on their orientation and the local birefringence of the substrate, waveguides and Bragg gratings fabricated with comparable parameters behave completely differently in terms of polarization-dependent optical attenuation, cross-sectional intensity distribution and Bragg reflection signal. For example, the support of the TM mode can vary between total loss and an optical attenuation of 0.9 dB × cm-1. In consequence, this study underlines the importance of quantifying the birefringent state of an injection-molded cyclic olefin copolymer workpiece if it is supposed to serve as a substrate for integrated photonic structures. The study furthermore demonstrates that birefringence effects can be omitted by burying the photonic structures deeper into the volume of the thermoplastic.}, subject = {Bragg-Reflektor}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NormannHaugValenciaetal.2023, author = {Normann, Marc and Haug, Jim and Valencia, Yeimy and Abke, J{\"o}rg and Hagel, Georg}, title = {Adaptive Learning Path Sequencing Based on Learning Styles within N-dimensional Spaces}, series = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education}, editor = {Mottock, J{\"u}rgen and Hagel, Georg}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3593663.3593676}, pages = {56 -- 64}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Planning adaptive learning paths for students' progress throughout a course can be a challenging task, although it can be helpful for their learning progress. Within the HASKI-System, students should be able to get their own, personalized learning paths. In this paper, we present an approach towards the learning path sequencing problem. This idea is based on a novel proposal for arranging learning objects in a multi-dimensional space, bringing the relationship and similarities of these objects into a new relationship. We show, that we can use both, the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and the Genetic Algorithm with the idea of the Traveling-Salesman-Problem and get results, that are comparable with a proposed literature-based adaption mechanism. Nevertheless, the learning paths are all personalized based on the Felder \& Silverman Learning Style Model and the hyperspace model will allow us later on to include more dimensions for other influencing factors.}, subject = {Lernstil}, language = {en} } @article{TrentThielemannMonici2024, author = {Trent, Davis and Thielemann, Christiane and Monici, Monica}, title = {How are cell and tissue structure and function influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms?}, series = {npj Microgravity}, volume = {2014}, journal = {npj Microgravity}, number = {10 / 16}, doi = {10.1038/s41526-024-00357-9}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Progress in mechanobiology allowed us to better understand the important role of mechanical forces in the regulation of biological processes. Space research in the field of life sciences clearly showed that gravity plays a crucial role in biological processes. The space environment offers the unique opportunity to carry out experiments without gravity, helping us not only to understand the effects of gravitational alterations on biological systems but also the mechanisms underlying mechanoperception and cell/tissue response to mechanical and gravitational stresses. Despite the progress made so far, for future space exploration programs it is necessary to increase our knowledge on the mechanotransduction processes as well as on the molecular mechanisms underlying microgravity-induced cell and tissue alterations. This white paper reports the suggestions and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community for the elaboration of the section of the European Space Agency roadmap "Biology in Space and Analogue Environments" focusing on "How are cells and tissues influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms?" The knowledge gaps that prevent the Science Community from fully answering this question and the activities proposed to fill them are discussed.}, subject = {Zellkultur}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VoigtMoeckel2022, author = {Voigt, Jorrit and Moeckel, Michael}, title = {Modelling dynamic 3D heat transfer in laser material processing based on physics informed neural networks}, doi = {10.1051/epjconf/202226602010}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Machine learning algorithms make predictions by fitting highly parameterized nonlinear functions to massive amounts of data. Yet those models are not necessarily consistent with physical laws and offer limited interpretability. Extending machine learning models by introducing scientific knowledge in the optimization problem is known as physics-based and data-driven modelling. A promising development are physics informed neural networks (PINN) which ensure consistency to both physical laws and measured data. The aim of this research is to model the time-dependent temperature profile in bulk materials following the passage of a moving laser focus by a PINN. The results from the PINN agree essentially with finite element simulations, proving the suitability of the approach. New perspectives for applications in laser material processing arise when PINNs are integrated in monitoring systems or used for model predictive control.}, subject = {Neuronales Netz}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AkcatepeMoeckel2023, author = {Akcatepe, Osman and Moeckel, Michael}, title = {Hybrid Physics-Inspired Machine Learning Framework for Predictive Maintenance of Forklift Chains: Leveraging Sensor Data Characteristics}, doi = {10.1109/ICCMA59762.2023.10375057}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Bridging the gap between physics-based modeling and data-driven machine learning promises to reduce the amount of training data required and to improve explainability in predictive maintenance applications. For a small fleet of industrial forklift trucks, we develop a physically inspired framework for predicting remaining useful life (RUL) for selected components by integrating physically motivated feature extraction, degradation modelling and machine learning. The discussed approach is promising for situations of limited data availability or large data heterogeneity, which often occurs in fleets of customized vehicles optimized for particular tasks.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{VoigtMoeckel2022, author = {Voigt, Jorrit and Moeckel, Michael}, title = {Benchmarking a multi-layer approach and neural network architectures for defect detection in PBF-LB/M}, series = {Materials Today Communications}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Materials Today Communications}, number = {33/104878}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104878}, pages = {* -- *}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The substitution of expensive non-destructive material testing by data-based process monitoring is intensively explored in quality assurance for additive manufactured components. Machine learning show promising results for defect detection but require conceptual adaption to layer wise manufacturing and line scanning patterns in laser powder bed fusion. A multi-layer approach to co-register µ-computer tomography measurements with process monitoring data is developed and a workflow for automatic data set generation is implemented. The objective of this research is to benchmark the volumetric multi-layer approach and specifically selected deep learning methods for defect detection. The volumetric approach shows superior results compared to single slice monitoring. All investigated structured neural network topologies deliver similar performance.}, subject = {Neuronales Netz}, language = {en} } @article{VoigtBockHilpertetal.2022, author = {Voigt, Jorrit and Bock, Thomas and Hilpert, Uwe and Hellmann, Ralf and Moeckel, Michael}, title = {Increased relative density and characteristic melt pool Signals at the edge in PBF-LB/M}, series = {Additive Manufacturing}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Additive Manufacturing}, number = {57/102798}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.102798}, pages = {* -- *}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Limited process control can cause metallurgical defect formation and inhomogeneous relative density in laser powder bed fusion manufactured parts. This study shows that process monitoring, based on optical melt-pool signal analysis is capable of tracing relative density variations: Unsupervised machine learning, applied to cluster multiple-slice monitoring data, reveals characteristic patterns in this noisy time-series signal, which can be co-registered with geometrical positions in the build part. For cylindrical 15-5 PH stainless steel specimens, manufactured under constant process parameters and post-analyzed by µ-computer tomography, correlations between such patterns and an increased local relative density at the edge have been observed. Finite element method (FEM) modeling of thermal histories at exemplary positions close to the edge suggest pre-heating effects caused by neighboring laser scan trajectories as possible reasons for the increased melt pool intensity at the edge.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{PinedaAlvesMoeckeletal.2023, author = {Pineda, Aruane M. and Alves, Caroline L. and M{\"o}ckel, Michael and de O Toutain, Thaise G. L. and Moura Porto, Joel Augusto and Rodrigues, Francisco A.}, title = {Analysis of quantile graphs in EGC data from elderly and young individuals using machine learning and deep learning}, series = {Journal of Complex Networks}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Journal of Complex Networks}, number = {11/5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnad030}, pages = {* -- *}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, encompasses a variety of heart conditions that can result in sudden death for many people. Examples include high blood pressure, ischaemia, irregular heartbeats and pericardial effusion. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is frequently used to diagnose heart diseases, providing crucial information on how the heart functions. To analyse ECG signals, quantile graphs (QGs) is a method that maps a time series into a network based on the time-series fluctuation proprieties. Here, we demonstrate that the QG methodology can differentiate younger and older patients. Furthermore, we construct networks from the QG method and use machine-learning algorithms to perform the automatic diagnosis, obtaining high accuracy. Indeed, we verify that this method can automatically detect changes in the ECG of elderly and young subjects, with the highest classification performance for the adjacency matrix with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve close to one. The findings reported here confirm the QG method's utility in deciphering intricate, nonlinear signals like those produced by patient ECGs. Furthermore, we find a more significant, more connected and lower distribution of information networks associated with the networks from ECG data of the elderly compared with younger subjects. Finally, this methodology can be applied to other ECG data related to other diseases, such as ischaemia.}, subject = {Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{StierXuGoldetal.2024, author = {Stier, Simon P. and Xu, Xukuan and Gold, Lukas and M{\"o}ckel, Michael}, title = {Ontology-Based Battery Production Dataspace and Its Interweaving with Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Data Analytics}, series = {Energy Technology}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Energy Technology}, number = {2301305}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202301305}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, encompasses a variety of heart conditions that can result in sudden death for many people. Examples include high blood pressure, ischaemia, irregular heartbeats and pericardial effusion. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is frequently used to diagnose heart diseases, providing crucial information on how the heart functions. To analyse ECG signals, quantile graphs (QGs) is a method that maps a time series into a network based on the time-series fluctuation proprieties. Here, we demonstrate that the QG methodology can differentiate younger and older patients. Furthermore, we construct networks from the QG method and use machine-learning algorithms to perform the automatic diagnosis, obtaining high accuracy. Indeed, we verify that this method can automatically detect changes in the ECG of elderly and young subjects, with the highest classification performance for the adjacency matrix with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve close to one. The findings reported here confirm the QG method's utility in deciphering intricate, nonlinear signals like those produced by patient ECGs. Furthermore, we find a more significant, more connected and lower distribution of information networks associated with the networks from ECG data of the elderly compared with younger subjects. Finally, this methodology can be applied to other ECG data related to other diseases, such as ischaemia.}, subject = {Batterie}, language = {en} } @article{ZanottoZapataDominguezAyerbeetal.2022, author = {Zanotto, Franco M. and Zapata Dominguez, Diana and Ayerbe, Elixabete and Boyano, Iker and Burmeister, Christine and Duquesnoy, Marc and Eisentraeger, Marlene and Florez Monta{\~n}o, Jonathan and Gallo-Bueno,, Alfonso and Gold, Lucas and Hall, Florian and Kaden, Nicolaj and Muerkens, Bernhard and Otaegui, Laida and Reynier, Yvan and Stier, Simon and Thomitzek, Matthias and Turetskyy, Artem and Vallin, Nicolas and Wessel, Jacob and Xu, Xukuan and Abbasov, Jeyhun and Franco, Alejandro A.}, title = {Data Specifications for Battery Manufacturing Digitalization: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities}, series = {Chemistry Europe - Batteries \& Supercaps}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Chemistry Europe - Batteries \& Supercaps}, number = {5/9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202200224}, pages = {1 -- 35}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Lithium-ion battery (LIB) manufacturing requires a pilot stage that optimizes its characteristics. However, this process is costly and time-consuming. One way to overcome this is to use a set of computational models that act as a digital twin of the pilot line, exchanging information in real-time that can be compared with measurements to correct parameters. Here we discuss the parameters involved in each step of LIB manufacturing, show available computational modeling approaches, and discuss details about practical implementation in terms of software. Then, we analyze these parameters regarding their criticality for modeling set-up and validation, measurement accuracy, and rapidity. Presenting this in an understandable format allows identifying missing aspects, remaining challenges, and opportunities for the emergence of pilot lines integrating digital twins. Finally, we present the challenges of managing the data produced by these models. As a snapshot of the state-of-the-art, this work is an initial step towards digitalizing battery manufacturing pilot lines, paving the way toward autonomous optimization.}, subject = {Batterie}, language = {en} } @article{AlvesCibadeOToutainetal.2024, author = {Alves, Caroline and Ciba, Manuel and de O Toutain, Thaise GL and Moura Porto, Joel Augusto and de Sena, Eduardo Pond{\´e} and Thielemann, Christiane and Rodrigues, Francisco A}, title = {On the advances in machine learning and complex network measures to an EEG dataset from DMT experiments}, series = {Journal of Physics: Complexity}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Complexity}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1088/2632-072X/ad1c68}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2024}, abstract = {There is a growing interest in the medical use of psychedelic substances, as preliminary studies using them for psychiatric disorders have shown positive results. In particular, one of these substances is N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an agonist serotonergic psychedelic that can induce profound alterations in the state of consciousness. In this work, we use an exploratory tool to reveal DMT-induced changes in brain activity using EEG data and provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of this psychedelic substance. We used a two-class classification based on (A) the connectivity matrix or (B) complex network measures derived from it as input to a support vector machine. We found that both approaches could detect changes in the brain's automatic activity, with case (B) showing the highest AUC (89\%), indicating that complex network measurements best capture the brain changes that occur due to DMT use. In the second step, we ranked the features that contributed the most to this result. For case (A), we found that differences in the high alpha, low beta, and delta frequency bands were most important in distinguishing between the state before and after DMT inhalation, which is consistent with the results described in the literature. Further, the connection between the temporal (TP8) and central cortex (C3) and between the precentral gyrus (FC5) and the lateral occipital cortex (P8) contributed most to the classification result. The connection between regions TP8 and C3 has been found in the literature associated with finger movements that might have occurred during DMT consumption. However, the connection between cortical areas FC5 and P8 has not been found in the literature and is presumably related to the volunteers' emotional, visual, sensory, perceptual, and mystical experiences during DMT consumption. For case (B), closeness centrality was the most crucial complex network measure. Furthermore, we discovered larger communities and longer average path lengths when DMT was used and the converse when not, showing that the balance between functional segregation and integration had been disrupted. These findings support the idea that cortical brain activity becomes more entropic under psychedelics. Overall, a robust computational workflow has been developed here with interpretability of how DMT (or other psychedelics) modify brain networks and insights into their mechanism of action. Finally, the same methodology applied here may help interpret EEG time series from patients who consumed other psychedelic drugs.}, subject = {Neuronales Netz}, language = {en} } @techreport{Jost2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jost, Thomas}, title = {Zentralbankverluste und "ungerechte?" Bankengewinne infolge der Wertpapieraufkaufprogramme und der Verzinsung der {\"U}berschussreserven}, series = {Weidener Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {Weidener Diskussionspapiere}, pages = {44}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Das Eurosystem und auch die Deutsche Bundesbank werden 2023 Verluste erzielen, die einige Jahre anhalten d{\"u}rften. Aufgrund der massiven K{\"a}ufe von Wertpapieren in den letzten 10 Jahren, vor allem Staatsanleihen, sind die {\"U}berschussreserven der Banken stark angestiegen. Die dadurch bedingten hohen Zinszahlungen an die Banken seit der geldpolitischen Kehrtwende, bei geringen Einnahmen f{\"u}r die hohen Wertpapierbest{\"a}nde, f{\"u}hrten zu massiver Kritik. Die Banken w{\"u}rden dadurch „ungerechte" Gewinne erzielen, w{\"a}hrend die Fiskalbeh{\"o}rden auf die fr{\"u}her {\"u}blichen {\"U}berweisungen der Zentralbankgewinne verzichten m{\"u}ssen. Populistische Forderungen nach einer Begrenzung der Bankengewinne durch z.B. eine pauschale, drastische Erh{\"o}hung der Mindestreserves{\"a}tze im Eurosystem zur Reduzierung der {\"U}berschussreserven bergen neue Probleme und sind nicht hilfreich. Letztlich haben die Staaten sehr lange von historisch niedrigen Zinsen infolge der expansiven Geldpolitik des Eurosystems profitiert und m{\"u}ssen nun die Folgen der massiven Aufbl{\"a}hung der Zentralbankbilanzen w{\"a}hrend des Zeitraums der Normalisierung der Geldpolitik tragen.}, subject = {Europ{\"a}ische Zentralbank}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{DoerringerKloppSchaabetal.2023, author = {D{\"o}rringer, Antonia and Klopp, Marco and Schaab, Lukas and Hochstetter, Marvin and Glaab, Daniel and Bartel, Paula and Abke, J{\"o}rg and Elsebach, Jens and Rossmann, Raphael and Hagel, Georg}, title = {AdLer: 3D-Lernumgebung f{\"u}r Studierende}, series = {21. Fachtagung Bildungstechnologien (DELFI)}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {21. Fachtagung Bildungstechnologien (DELFI)}, editor = {R{\"o}pke, Ren{\´e} and Schroeder, Ulrike}, doi = {10.18420/delfi2023-41}, pages = {251 -- 252}, year = {2023}, subject = {Lernspiel}, language = {de} } @misc{HochstetterAbke2023, author = {Hochstetter, Marvin and Abke, J{\"o}rg}, title = {AdLer - Adaptive digitale Lernr{\"a}ume: Autorentool und 3D-Lernumgebung}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung im Bildungssektor ist gerade f{\"u}r die Berufliche Weiterbildung von zentraler Bedeutung. Bereits seit l{\"a}ngerer Zeit sind in diesem Kontext zeit- und ortsunabh{\"a}ngige Lehr-Lern-Formate sehr wichtig. Allerdings bietet digitales Lernen auch großes Potential hinsichtlich dem Thema Motivationsf{\"o}rderung. Serious Games stellen ein vielversprechendes Beispiel von Game-based Learning (GBL) dar, um die Lernmotivation zu adressieren. Hierbei geht es darum, Mechaniken (digitaler) Spiele zu verwenden, um einen Wissenserwerb zu erm{\"o}glichen, der zeitgleich motivierend gestaltet ist. Das AdLer-Projekt hat zum Ziel ein frei verf{\"u}gbares Instrument zu entwickeln, mit welchem Lehrende virtuelle 3D-Lernumgebungen erstellen und in ihrer Lehre in unterschiedlichen Formen einsetzen k{\"o}nnen. Mit Hilfe eines Autorentools werden Lehrende bei der Konzeption und Erstellung von 3D-Lernumgebungen unterst{\"u}tzt. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen Lehrende auf schnellem und einfachem Weg eigene digitale 3D-Lernumgebungen erstellen sowie nach ihren individuellen Vorstellungen hinsichtlich der eigenen Lernszenarien konfigurieren. In der 3D-Lernumgebung k{\"o}nnen Lernende nach den Prinzipien des GBL erkundungsorientiert und interaktiv lernen. Dazu k{\"o}nnen Lernende mit einem virtuellen Avatar die AdLer-3D-Lernumgebung betreten und verschiedene Handlungsm{\"o}glichkeiten wahrnehmen. Sie k{\"o}nnen sich frei in dieser Lernumgebung bewegen und unterschiedliche Lernangebote (z.B. die Bearbeitung von Lernelementen, wie H5P, Text und Video) durchf{\"u}hren. Im geplanten Poster-Pitch wird eine aktuelle Version der Software AdLer pr{\"a}sentiert und steht f{\"u}r die Konferenzteilnehmer zum Ausprobieren bereit.}, subject = {Lernspiel}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KloppDoerringerEigleretal.2023, author = {Klopp, Marco and D{\"o}rringer, Antonia and Eigler, Tobias and Bartel, Paula and Hochstetter, Marvin and Weishaupt, Andreas and Geirhos, Philipp and Abke, J{\"o}rg and Hagel, Georg and Elsebach, Jens and Rossmann, Raphael}, title = {Development of an Authoring Tool for the Creation of Individual 3D Game-Based Learning Environments}, series = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education}, number = {5.}, editor = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, address = {New York, NY, United States}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9956-2}, pages = {204 -- 209}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Game-based learning in general and serious games in particular have a promising potential in higher education. In this article we going to show the capability of serious games with regard to current challenges in higher education. The focus of this article is the presentation of the AdLer authoring tool, which offers lecturers the possibility to design and generate virtual 3D learning environments in which students can interact with learning content according to the principles of game-based learning.}, subject = {Lernspiel}, language = {en} } @article{MoniciThielemann2023, author = {Monici, Monica and Thielemann, Christiane}, title = {How do gravity alterations affect animal and human systems at a cellular/tissue level?}, series = {nature npj Microgravity}, volume = {2023}, journal = {nature npj Microgravity}, number = {9/84}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00330-y}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The present white paper concerns the indications and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community to make progress in filling the gaps of knowledge that prevent us from answering the question: "How Do Gravity Alterations Affect Animal and Human Systems at a Cellular/Tissue Level?" This is one of the five major scientific issues of the ESA roadmap "Biology in Space and Analogue Environments". Despite the many studies conducted so far on spaceflight adaptation mechanisms and related pathophysiological alterations observed in astronauts, we are not yet able to elaborate a synthetic integrated model of the many changes occurring at different system and functional levels. Consequently, it is difficult to develop credible models for predicting long-term consequences of human adaptation to the space environment, as well as to implement medical support plans for long-term missions and a strategy for preventing the possible health risks due to prolonged exposure to spaceflight beyond the low Earth orbit (LEO). The research activities suggested by the scientific community have the aim to overcome these problems by striving to connect biological and physiological aspects in a more holistic view of space adaptation effects.}, subject = {Raumfahrt}, language = {en} } @article{PolyakovWeidl1997, author = {Polyakov, Maxim V. and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Chiral expansion in the dual (string) model of the Goldstone meson scattering}, series = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology}, volume = {1997}, journal = {High Energy Physics - Phenomenology}, number = {0/0}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.hep-ph/9612486}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {1997}, abstract = {We consider in details the dual models for the Goldstone mesons (pions) scattering in the presence of the explicit chiral symmetry breaking caused by non-zero current quark mass. New method of incorporation of the quark masses into the dual model is suggested. In contrast to the previously considered in the literature methods, the dual amplitude obtained by this method is consistent with all low-energy theorems following from the Effective Chiral Lagrangian (EChL) to the O(p^4) order and simultaneously it does not contain states with negative width. The resonance spectrum of the model and its implications for the fourth and sixth order EChL in large N_c limit are discussed. We argue that the possible relations between large N_c QCD and some underlying string theory can be revealed by studying interactions of hadrons at low-energies.}, subject = {Stringtheorie}, language = {en} } @article{WeidlMadsenDahlquist2002, author = {Weidl, Galia and Madsen, Anders L. and Dahlquist, Erik}, title = {Condition Monitoring, Root Cause Analysis and Decision Support on Urgency of Actions}, series = {Book Series FAIA (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications), Soft Computing Systems - Design, Management and Applications}, volume = {2002}, journal = {Book Series FAIA (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications), Soft Computing Systems - Design, Management and Applications}, number = {87}, pages = {221 -- 230}, year = {2002}, abstract = {We discuss the use of a hybrid system utilizing Object Oriented Bayesian networks and influence diagrams for probabilistic reasoning under uncertainties in industrial process operations. The Bayesian networks are used for condition monitoring and root cause analysis of process operation. The recommended decision sequence of corrective actions and observations is obtained following the "myopic" approach. The BN inference on most probable root cause is used in an influence diagram for taking decisions on urgency of corrective actions vs. delivery deadline. The build-in chain of causality from root cause to process faults can provide the user with explanation facility and a simulation tool of the effect of intended actions.}, subject = {Prozesssteuerung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeidlVollmarDahlquist2003, author = {Weidl, Galia and Vollmar, Gerhard and Dahlquist, Erik}, title = {Adaptive Root Cause Analysis under uncertainties in industrial process operation}, series = {The Foundations of Computer Aided Process Operations (FOCAPO 2003)}, booktitle = {The Foundations of Computer Aided Process Operations (FOCAPO 2003)}, year = {2003}, abstract = {We discuss a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) system implementing a probabilistic approach based on Bayesian inference for adaptive reasoning under uncertainties in industrial process operation. The proposed approach is model based and accumulates the process knowledge within the problem domain, which data is gathered and stored in XML-based information server. The Bayesian networks have been created automatically from the XML-structured data. The interconnection between XML-failure trees is handled as object oriented instances of Bayesian sub-networks within master-network covering the entire process and monitoring its overall condition, output quality and equipment effectiveness. We implement sequential on-line adaptivity of models' parameters to reflect changes in process operation. The system learning can be supervised by user feedback on the actual root cause. The general RCA methodology is applied to plate cutting in a hot rolling mill.}, subject = {Prozesssteuerung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeidlDahlquist2002, author = {Weidl, Galia and Dahlquist, Erik}, title = {ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS FOR PULP AND PAPER APPLICATIONS}, series = {Proceedings of the 10th Control Systems Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, June 3-5, 2002}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Control Systems Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, June 3-5, 2002}, pages = {343 -- 347}, year = {2002}, abstract = {We propose a methodology for Root Cause Analysis (RCA), allowing fast and flexible decision support for operators, maintenance staff and process engineers in pulp and paper industry. RCA can identify non-obvious process problems and is therefore a powerful complement to normal automatic control. The general methodology is applied to a continuous digester.}, subject = {Prozessanalyse}, language = {en} } @article{DahlquistLindbergKarlssonetal.2001, author = {Dahlquist, Erik and Lindberg, Thomas and Karlsson, Christer Per and Weidl, Galia and Bigaran, Carlo and Davey, Austin}, title = {Integrated Process Control, Fault Diagnostics, Process Optimization and Production Planning - Industrial IT}, series = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes}, volume = {2001}, journal = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes}, number = {34/27}, doi = {10.1016/S1474-6670(17)33567-X}, pages = {47 -- 55}, year = {2001}, abstract = {In the presentation a total system is presented, making use of data reconciliation, different types of diagnostics with respect to sensors, control loops and processes. These are used as inputs to a root cause analysis system, optimization and advanced control, using among others MPC, model predictive control. The system is being implemented at Visy Pulp and Paper mill in Tumut, Australia.}, subject = {Prozesssteuerung}, language = {en} } @article{AlexandrovichKudryavtsevWeidl1996, author = {Alexandrovich Kudryavtsev, Viacheslav and Weidl, Galia}, title = {A possible description of the quantum numbers in a hadronic string model}, series = {High Energy Physics - Theory}, volume = {1996}, journal = {High Energy Physics - Theory}, number = {0/0}, pages = {1 -- 14}, year = {1996}, abstract = {We consider a critical composite superconformal string model to desribe hadronic interactions. We present a new approach of introducing hadronic quantum numbers in the scattering amplitudes. The physical states carry the quantum numbers and form a common system of eigenfunctions of the operators in this string model. We give explicit constructions of the quantum number operators.}, subject = {Stringtheorie}, language = {en} } @article{SapsaiValenciaAbke2023, author = {Sapsai, Iryna and Valencia, Yeimy and Abke, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Learning Analytics Dashboard for Educators: Proposed Project to Design with Pedagogical Background}, series = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education}, volume = {2023}, journal = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education}, number = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3593663.3593686}, pages = {38 -- 47}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In this article, the authors describe a prototype of a Learning Analytics Dashboard (LAD) for educators. It is based on the analysis of pedagogical actions and taking into the process and learning style of students in an online environment based on learning analytics (LA). A description of the Dashboard structure, divided into levels and categories based on available learning analytics, will allow the educator to dive deeper into the online course themselves and explore more. It will also allow them to determine the level of student performance, identify gaps in learning materials, and research student data. The authors have identified further directions for the development of a LAD for a professor, including modeling algorithms for researching student behavior and learning style using Artificial Intelligence and presenting LA in a visualized form. This paper shows the stages of creating a professor's LAD prototype as a functional part of the adaptive learning system in the HASKI-System to analyze visual information obtained from LA and the possibilities to monitor the learning process, learning progress, student activity, and make decisions on careful intervention in the students' learning process.}, subject = {Lerntechnik}, language = {en} } @article{RoetzelJoeris2023, author = {R{\"o}tzel, Peter and J{\"o}ris, Sabine}, title = {Trends im Nachhaltigkeitscontrolling - Empirische Ergebnisse aus der Green Controlling Studie 2022 des ICV}, series = {Controlling}, volume = {35}, journal = {Controlling}, number = {6}, pages = {44 -- 51}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Entwicklungen und Trends im Nachhaltigkeitscontrolling, insbesondere hinsichtlich der strategischen Bedeutung der f{\"u}nf Stufen der Nachhaltigkeit, des Einflusses von Stakeholdergruppen, Zielsetzungen und Instrumenten anhand von drei Studien des Fachkreis Green Controlling for Responsible Business und gibt Implikationen f{\"u}r die Controlling- und Unternehmenspraxis.}, subject = {Nachhaltigkeit}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeidlMadsenDahlquist2003, author = {Weidl, Galia and Madsen, Anders L. and Dahlquist, Erik}, title = {Object Oriented Bayesian Networks for Industrial Process Operation}, series = {Proceedings of the first Bayesian Application Modeling Workshop at the 19th Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 2003}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the first Bayesian Application Modeling Workshop at the 19th Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 2003}, year = {2003}, abstract = {We present an application, where extensions of existing methods for decision-theoretic troubleshooting are used for industrial process operation and asset management. The extension includes expected average cost of asset management actions, prediction of signals' level-trend development, risk assessment for disturbance analysis and predictive maintenance on demand.}, subject = {Prozesssteuerung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeidlMadsenDahlquist2003, author = {Weidl, Galia and Madsen, Anders L. and Dahlquist, Erik}, title = {Applications of object-oriented Bayesian networks for causal analysis of process disturbances}, series = {SIMS'2003 (44th International Conference of the Scandinavian Simulation Society)}, booktitle = {SIMS'2003 (44th International Conference of the Scandinavian Simulation Society)}, year = {2003}, abstract = {We discuss a hybrid approach for causal analysis of disturbances in industrial process operation. It represents a combination of OOBN with first level diagnostic packages and physical models serving as agents in the system design and providing evidence for automated reasoning on abnormality in process operation. The aim is causal analysis of non-measurable disturbances as a decision advice complement to the distributed control system (DCS). The approach includes prediction of signals' level-trend development, risk assessment for disturbance analysis and predictive maintenance on demand. The methodology has been applied on a screening process with a pressure-flow network in a Pulp Mil.}, subject = {Prozessmodell}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Weidl2004, author = {Weidl, Galia}, title = {ADAPTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT IN COMPLEX LARGE SCALE PROCESSES WITH REDUCED COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY}, series = {9th International Conference on Industrial Engineering Theory, Applications \& Practice, November 27-30, 2004}, booktitle = {9th International Conference on Industrial Engineering Theory, Applications \& Practice, November 27-30, 2004}, year = {2004}, abstract = {We have developed a methodology that targets risk assessment for process operation. It includes both abnormality prediction and evaluation of its development, provided no corrective actions are taken, as well as a possibility to examine the impact of intended actions. It handles the uncertainties in the domain and the big number of influences on the effect variables by utilizing causal probabilistic modeling. The process is modeled by Hidden Markov Models (HMM), and object oriented dynamic Bayesian networks (OOBNs). Various modeling techniques and assumptions have been used to reduce the computational complexity and ensure fast inference. The methodology is applied in a case study.}, subject = {Prozessmodell}, language = {en} } @article{WeidlMadsenIsraelson2005, author = {Weidl, Galia and Madsen, Anders L. and Israelson, S.}, title = {Applications of object-oriented Bayesian networks for condition monitoring, root cause analysis and decision support on operation of complex continuous processes}, series = {Computers \& Chemical Engineering}, volume = {2005}, journal = {Computers \& Chemical Engineering}, number = {29/9}, doi = {10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.05.005}, pages = {1996 -- 2009}, year = {2005}, abstract = {The increasing complexity of large-scale industrial processes and the struggle for cost reduction and higher profitability means automated systems for processes diagnosis in plant operation and maintenance are required. We have developed a methodology to address this issue and have designed a prototype system on which this methodology has been applied. The methodology integrates decision-theoretic troubleshooting with risk assessment for industrial process control. It is applied to a pulp digesting and screening process. The process is modeled using generic object-oriented Bayesian networks (OOBNs). The system performs reasoning under uncertainty and presents to users corrective actions, with explanations of the root causes. The system records users' actions with associated cases and the BN models are prepared to perform sequential learning to increase its performance in diagnostics and advice.}, subject = {Prozess{\"u}berwachung}, language = {en} } @article{WeidlRodeHorchetal.2005, author = {Weidl, Galia and Rode, Manfred and Horch, Alexander and Shaw, Christopher and Vollmer, Andreas}, title = {Automated root cause analysis of faults and disturbances in rolling mills}, series = {Stahl und Eisen}, volume = {2005}, journal = {Stahl und Eisen}, number = {125/8}, pages = {29 -- 34}, year = {2005}, abstract = {The developed methodology for Root Cause Analysis (RCA) demonstrates a decision support tool evaluating the process state based on both qualitative and quantitative information. The presented RCA system uses the available data to extract the most probable root causes and proposes an action sequence. The learning ability of the system allows its sequential on-line adaptation to reflect changes in process operation.}, subject = {Walzwerk}, language = {de} } @incollection{RoehrlIglesiasRozasWeidl2007, author = {R{\"o}hrl, Norbert and Iglesias-Rozas, Jos{\´e} R. and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Computer Assisted Classification of Brain Tumors}, series = {Data Analysis, Machine Learning and Applications}, booktitle = {Data Analysis, Machine Learning and Applications}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-78246-9_7}, pages = {55 -- 60}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The histological grade of a brain tumor is an important indicator for choosing the treatment after resection. To facilitate objectivity and reproducibility, Iglesias et al. (1986) proposed to use a standardized protocol of 50 histological features in the grading process. We tested the ability of Support Vector Machines (SVM), Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) and Supervised Relevance Neural Gas (SRNG) to predict the correct grades of the 794 astrocytomas in our database. Furthermore, we discuss the stability of the procedure with respect to errors and propose a different parametrization of the metric in the SRNG algorithm to avoid the introduction of unnecessary boundaries in the parameter space.}, subject = {Hirntumor}, language = {en} } @article{WeidlRoehrlRozas2007, author = {Weidl, Galia and R{\"o}hrl, Norbert and Rozas, Javier}, title = {Causal probabilistic modeling for malignancy grading in pathology with explanations of dependency to the related histological features}, series = {Histology and Histopathology}, volume = {2007}, journal = {Histology and Histopathology}, number = {22/9}, doi = {10.14670/HH-22.947}, pages = {947 -- 962}, year = {2007}, abstract = {This work demonstrates that histological grading of brain tumors and astrocytomas can be accurately predicted and causally explained with the help of causal probabilistic models, also known as Bayesian networks (BN). Although created statistically, this allows individual identification of the grade of malignancy as an internal cause that has enabled the development of the histological features to their observed state. The BN models are built from data representing 794 cases of astrocytomas with their malignant grading and corresponding histological features. The computerized learning process is improved when pre-specified knowledge (from the pathologist) about simple dependency relations to the histological features is taken into account. We use the BN models for both grading and causal analysis. In addition, the BN models provide a causal explanation of dependency between the histological features and the grading. This can offer the biggest potential for choice of an efficient treatment, since it concentrates on the malignancy grade as the cause of pathological observations. The causal analysis shows that all ten histological features are important for the grading. The histological features are causally ordered, implying that features of first order are of higher priority, e.g. for the choice of treatment in order not to allow the malignancy to progress to a higher degree. Due to the explanations of feature relations, the causal analysis can be considered as a powerful complement to any malignancy classification tool and allows reproducible comparison of malignancy grading.}, subject = {Histologie}, language = {en} } @article{RoehrlIglesiasRozasWeidl2008, author = {R{\"o}hrl, Norbert and Iglesias-Rozas, Jos{\´e} R. and Weidl, Galia}, title = {A modern reproducible method for the histologic grading of astrocytomas with statistical classification tools}, series = {Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology}, volume = {2008}, journal = {Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology}, number = {30/1}, pages = {33 -- 8}, year = {2008}, abstract = {To investigate whether statistical classification tools can infer the correct World Health Organization (WHO) grade from standardized histologic features in astrocytomas and how these tools compare with GRADO-IGL, an earlier computer-assisted method. A total of 794 human brain astrocytomas were studied between January 1976 and June 2005. The presence of 50 histologic features was rated in 4 categories from 0 (not present) to 3 (abundant) by visual inspection of the sections under a microscope. All tumors were also classified with the corresponding WHO grade between I and IV. We tested the prediction performance of several statistical classification tools (learning vector quantization [LVQ], supervised relevance neural gas [SRNG], support vector machines [SVM], and generalized regression neural network [GRNN]) for this data set. The WHO grade was predicted correctly from histologic features in close to 80\% of the cases by 2 modern classifiers (SRNG and SVM), and GRADO-IGL was predicted correctly in > 84\% of the cases by a GRNN. A standardized report, based the 50 histologic features, can be used in conjunction with modern classification tools as an objective and reproducible method for histologic grading of astrocytomas.}, subject = {Cytologie}, language = {en} } @incollection{WeidlMadsenDahlquist2008, author = {Weidl, Galia and Madsen, Anders L. and Dahlquist, Erik}, title = {Decision Support on Complex Industrial Process Operation}, series = {Bayesian Networks: A Practical Guide to Applications}, booktitle = {Bayesian Networks: A Practical Guide to Applications}, publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/9780470994559.ch18}, pages = {313 -- 328}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Introduction: A methodology for Root Cause AnalysisPulp and paper applicationThe ABB Industrial IT platformConclusion}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KasparWeidlDangetal.2011, author = {Kaspar, Dietmar and Weidl, Galia and Dang, Thao and Breuel, Gabi and Tamke, Andreas and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang}, title = {Erkennung von Fahrman{\"o}vern mit objektorientierten Bayes-Netzen}, series = {7. Workshop. Fahrerassistenzsysteme. FAS2011}, booktitle = {7. Workshop. Fahrerassistenzsysteme. FAS2011}, year = {2011}, abstract = {In diesem Artikel wird ein Ansatz zur Erkennung von Spurwechselman{\"o}vern mit Hilfe von objekt-orientierten Bayes Netzen beschrieben. Dieser Ansatz ist eine Erweiterung von Grundlagenarbeiten zur Einscherererkennung. Zun{\"a}chst werden die zur Erkennung von Spurwechselvorg{\"a}ngen erforderlichen Fahrsituationsmerkmale vorgestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird das entwickelte objekt-orientierte Bayes Netz zur Modellierung der Spurwechsel erl{\"a}utert. Dabei wird ein Spurwechsel als eine Beziehung zwischen zwei Fahrzeugen betrachtet. Dabei kann ein Fahrzeug in der Spur bleiben, die Spur nach links oder nach rechts wechseln. Durch die Kombination der M{\"o}glichkeiten der beiden Fahrzeuge entstehen 9 Klassen. Aus den relativen Positionen der Fahrzeuge ergeben sich aus den 9 Situationsklassen 27 m{\"o}gliche Spurwechselman{\"o}ver. Dabei ist das Einschervorgang ein Sonderfall der modellierten Fahrman{\"o}ver.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {de} } @article{KasparWeidlDangetal.2011, author = {Kaspar, Dietmar and Weidl, Galia and Dang, Thao and Breuel, Gabi and Tamke, Andreas and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang}, title = {Object-Oriented Bayesian Networks for Detection of Lane Change Maneuvers}, series = {IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine}, journal = {IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine}, number = {4(3)}, doi = {10.1109/IVS.2011.5940468}, pages = {19 -- 31}, year = {2011}, abstract = {In this paper we introduce a novel approach towards the recognition of typical driving maneuvers in structured highway scenarios and identify some of the key benefits of traffic scene modeling with object-oriented Bayesian networks (OOBNs). The approach exploits the advantages of an introduced lane-related coordinate system together with individual occupancy grids for all vehicles. This combination allows for an efficient classification of the existing vehiclelane and vehicle-vehicle relations in a traffic scene and thus substantially improves the understanding of complex traffic scenes. We systematically propagate probabilities and variances within our network which results in probabilistic sets of the modeled driving maneuvers. Using this generic approach, we are able to classify a total of 27 driving maneuvers including merging and object following.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @incollection{WeidlBreuel2012, author = {Weidl, Galia and Breuel, Gabi}, title = {Overall Probabilistic Framework for Modeling and Analysis of Intersection Situations}, series = {Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2012}, booktitle = {Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2012}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-642-29673-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-29673-4_24}, pages = {257 -- 268}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We propose a system design for preventive traffic safety in general intersection situations involving all present traffic participants (vehicles and vulnerable road users) in the context of their environment and traffic rules. It exploits the developed overall probabilistic framework for modeling and analysis of intersection situations under uncertainties in the scene, in measured data or in communicated information. It proposes OOBN modeling for the cognitive assessment of potential and real danger in intersection situations and presents schematically an algorithm for multistage cognitive situation assessment. A concept for the interaction between situation assessment and the proposed Proactive coaching Safety Assistance System (PaSAS) is outlined. The assessment of danger in a situation development serves as a filter for the output and intensity of HMI-signals for directing driver's attention to essentials.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @article{KasparWeidlDangetal.2012, author = {Kaspar, Dietmar and Weidl, Galia and Dang, Thao and Breuel, Gabi and Tamke, Andreas and Wedel, Andreas and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang}, title = {Object-Oriented Bayesian Networks for Detection of Lane Change Maneuvers}, series = {IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine}, volume = {2012}, journal = {IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine}, number = {4/3}, doi = {10.1109/MITS.2012.2203229}, pages = {19 -- 31}, year = {2012}, abstract = {This article introduces a novel approach towards the recognition of typical driving maneuvers in structured highway scenarios and shows some key benefits of traffic scene modeling with object-oriented Bayesian networks (OOBNs). The approach exploits the advantages of an introduced lane-related coordinate system together with individual occupancy schedule grids for all modeled vehicles. This combination allows an efficient classification of the existing vehicle-lane and vehicle-vehicle relations in traffic scenes and thus substantially improves the understanding of complex traffic scenes. Probabilities and variances within the network are propagated systematically which results in probabilistic sets of the modeled driving maneuvers. Using this generic approach, the network is able to classify a total of 27 driving maneuvers including merging and object following.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeidlSinghalPetrichetal.2013, author = {Weidl, Galia and Singhal, Virat and Petrich, Dominik and Kaspar, Dietmar and Wedel, Andreas and Breuel, Gabi}, title = {Collision Risk Prediction and Warning at Road Intersections Using an Object Oriented Bayesian Network}, series = {5th International Conference Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (Automotive UI,13), Oct.28-30, 2013}, booktitle = {5th International Conference Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (Automotive UI,13), Oct.28-30, 2013}, doi = {10.1145/2516540.2516577}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This paper describes a novel approach to situation analysis at intersections using object-oriented Bayesian networks. The Bayesian network infers the collision probability for all vehicles approaching the intersection, while taking into account traffic rules, the digital street map, and the sensors' uncertainties. The environment perception is fused from communicated data, vehicles local perception and self-localization. Thus, a cooperatively validated set of data is obtained to characterize all objects involved in a situation (resolving occlusions). The system is tested with data, acquired by vehicles with heterogenic equipment (without/with perception). In a first step the probabilistic mapping of a vehicle onto a fixed set of traffic lanes and forward motion predictions is introduced. Second, criticality measures are evaluated for these motion predictions to infer the collision probability. In our test vehicle this probability is then used to warn the driver of a possible hazardous situation. It serves as a likelihood alarm parameter for deciding the intensity of HMI acoustic signals to direct the driver's attention. First results in various simulated and live real-time scenarios show, that a collision can be predicted up to two seconds before a possible impact by applying the developed Bayesian network. The extension of this network to further situation features is the content of ongoing research.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeeligerWeidlPetrichetal.2014, author = {Seeliger, Florian and Weidl, Galia and Petrich, Dominik and Naujoks, Frederik and Breuel, Gabi and Neukum, Alexandra and Dietmayer, Klaus}, title = {Advisory warnings based on cooperative perception}, series = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Proceedings, June 2014}, booktitle = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Proceedings, June 2014}, doi = {10.1109/IVS.2014.6856479}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The Ko-PER (cooperative perception) research project aims at improvements of active traffic safety through cooperative perception systems. Within the project a prototype of a cooperative warning system was realized. This system provides early advisory warnings which are especially useful in critical situations with occluded conflict partners. The development process was accompanied by a series of driving simulator studies to determine both the potential to reduce traffic conflicts and important design characteristics of early advisory warning signals. The most important details of the prototype system's components inter-vehicle information-fusion and situation analysis are described and the achieved warning timings are compared to the results of the driving simulator studies.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeidlMadsenKasparetal.2014, author = {Weidl, Galia and Madsen, Anders L. and Kaspar, Dietmar and Breuel, Gabi}, title = {Optimizing Bayesian networks for recognition of driving maneuvers to meet the automotive requirements}, series = {The 2014 IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control (MSC 2014)}, booktitle = {The 2014 IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control (MSC 2014)}, doi = {10.1109/ISIC.2014.6967630}, year = {2014}, abstract = {An Object Oriented Bayesian Network for recognition of maneuver in highway traffic has demonstrated an acceptably high recognition performance on a prototype car with a Linux PC having an i7 processor. This paper is focusing on keeping the high recognition performance of the original OOBN, while evaluating alternative modelling techniques and their impact on the memory and time requirements of an ECU-processor for automotive applications. New challenges are faced, when the prediction horizon is to be further extended.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @article{NaujoksGrattenthalerNeukumetal.2015, author = {Naujoks, Frederik and Grattenthaler, Heidi and Neukum, Alexandra and Weidl, Galia and Petrich, Dominik}, title = {Effectiveness of advisory warnings based on cooperative perception}, series = {IET Intelligent Transport Systems}, volume = {2015}, journal = {IET Intelligent Transport Systems}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1049/iet-its.2014.0190}, pages = {606 -- 617}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Cooperative perception makes it possible - in addition to emergency warnings - to provide drivers with early advisory warnings about potentially dangerous driving situations. Based on research results pertaining to imminent crash warnings, it was expected that the effectiveness of such advisory warnings depends on situation-specific anticipations by the driver. During a simulator study, N = 20 drivers went through a wide range of longitudinal traffic and intersection scenarios. The scenarios varied in the possibility to anticipate traffic conflicts (Anticipation: high vs. low) and were completed under different visibility conditions (Visibility: obstructed vs. visible), with and without driver assistance based on cooperative perception (i.e., visual-auditory advisory warnings two seconds prior to the last-possible warning moment; assistance: no assistance vs. with assistance). The warning concept was based on empirical pre-studies and previously validated on a public test intersection. During non-assisted driving, critical situations were mainly experienced when the possibility to anticipate traffic conflicts was low. Visual obstructions lead to a further increase in the frequency of critical situations. Furthermore, the results indicate a clear mitigation of critical encounters when providing early advisory warnings which is independent from sight obstructions. This applies particularly to surprising and unexpected scenarios and thus illustrates the potential of cooperative perception to enhance active traffic safety.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Weidl2015, author = {Weidl, Galia}, title = {Freiraumbewertung f{\"u}r Spurwechselman{\"o}ver mit Bayes-Netzen}, series = {7. VDI/VDE Fachtagung AUTOREG Auf dem Weg zum automatisierten Fahren}, booktitle = {7. VDI/VDE Fachtagung AUTOREG Auf dem Weg zum automatisierten Fahren}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Kurzfassung Diese Arbeit stellt ein robustes wissensbasiertes Verfahren zur L{\"u}ckenbewertung f{\"u}r Spur-wechselman{\"o}ver vor. Zur Modellierung wurden dynamische Bayes-Netzwerke eingesetzt und mit Hilfe von Lernalgorithmen die Erkennungsleistung verbessert. Die Testergebnisse zeigen eine sehr hohe Trefferquote.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeidlMadsenTereshchenkoetal.2015, author = {Weidl, Galia and Madsen, Anders L. and Tereshchenko, Viacheslav and Kaspar, Dietmar and Breuel, Gabi}, title = {Early Recognition of Maneuvers in Highway Traffic}, series = {European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning and Uncertainty, July 2015}, booktitle = {European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning and Uncertainty, July 2015}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-20807-7_48}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This paper presents an application of Bayesian networks where early recognition of traffic maneuver intention is achieved using features of lane change, representing the relative dynamics between vehicles on the same lane and the free space to neighbor vehicles back and front on the target lane. The classifiers have been deployed on the automotive target platform, which has severe constraints on time and space performance of the system. The test driving has been performed with encouraging results. Even earlier recognition is possible by considering the trend development of features, characterizing the dynamic driving process. The preliminary test results confirm feasibility.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Weidl2015, author = {Weidl, Galia}, title = {Early Recognition of Maneuvers in Highway Traffic}, series = {The 13th European Conference Symbolic and Qualitative Approaches to Reasoning With Uncertainties, ECSQARU, 15-17 July 2015}, booktitle = {The 13th European Conference Symbolic and Qualitative Approaches to Reasoning With Uncertainties, ECSQARU, 15-17 July 2015}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This paper presents an application of Bayesian networks where early recognition of traffic maneuver intention is achieved using features of lane change, representing the relative dynamics between vehicles on the same lane and the free space to neighbor vehicles back and front on the target lane. The classifiers have been deployed on the automotive target platform, which has severe constraints on time and space performance of the system. The test driving has been performed with encouraging results. Even earlier recognition is possible by considering the trend development of features, characterizing the dynamic driving process. The preliminary test results confirm feasibility.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @article{WeidlMadsenWangetal.2018, author = {Weidl, Galia and Madsen, Anders L. and Wang, Stevens Ruixi and Kaspar, Dietmar and Karlsen, Martin}, title = {Early and Accurate Recognition of Highway Traffic Maneuvers Considering Real-World Application : A Novel Framework Using Bayesian Networks}, series = {IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine}, volume = {2018}, journal = {IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine}, number = {10/3}, doi = {10.1109/MITS.2018.2842049}, pages = {146 -- 158}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This paper presents a novel application of artificial cognitive systems to traffic scene understanding and early recognition of highway maneuvers. This is achieved by use of Bayesian networks for knowledge representation, to mimic the human reasoning on situation analysis and to manage inherited uncertainties in the automotive domain, that requires efficient and effective analysis of high volume and frequency data streams. The maneuver recognition uses features, analyzing the observed vehicles behavior and available free space on the target lane. Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) capture the motion of the own and surrounding vehicles as a dynamic process, following the trend development of lateral motion features. The static and dynamic models for maneuver recognition are statistically evaluated with real highway driving data sequences. The DBN demonstrates earlier recognition (∼ 1.1 seconds) and higher accuracy (1.12\% error rate) with more stable performance than the static models. The system is deployed on an experimental vehicle, where a Divide-and-conquer approach to inference in object-oriented Bayesian networks is introduced and its implementation is shown to require computation time of 0.15 milliseconds and ROM memory ∼ 10 2 kilobytes. The promising performance evaluation results are confirmed by test drives in real highway traffic.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeidlMadsenTereshchenkoetal.2018, author = {Weidl, Galia and Madsen, Anders L. and Tereshchenko, Viacheslav and Zhang, Wei and Stevens Ruixi, Wang and Kasper, Dietmar}, title = {Situation Awareness and Early Recognition of Traffic Maneuvers}, series = {Proceedings of The 9th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation, EUROSIM 2016, The 57th SIMS Conference on Simulation and Modelling SIMS 2016}, booktitle = {Proceedings of The 9th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation, EUROSIM 2016, The 57th SIMS Conference on Simulation and Modelling SIMS 2016}, doi = {10.3384/ecp171428}, year = {2018}, abstract = {We outline the challenges of situation awareness with early and accurate recognition of traffic maneuvers and how to assess them. This includes also an overview of the available data and derived situation features,handling of data uncertainties, modelling and the approach for maneuver recognition. An efficient and effective solution, meeting the automotive requirements, is successfully deployed and tested on a prototype car. Test driving results show that earlier recognition of intended maneuver is feasible on average 1 second (and up to 6.72 s) before the actual lane-marking crossing. The even earlier maneuver recognition is dependent on the earlier recognition of surrounding vehicles.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JaroschNaujoksWandtneretal.2019, author = {Jarosch, Oliver and Naujoks, Frederik and Wandtner, Bernhard and Gold, Christian and Marberger, Claus and Weidl, Galia and Schrauf, Michael}, title = {The Impact of Non-Driving Related Tasks on Take-over Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving - A Review of the Empirical Evidence}, series = {9. Tagung Automatisiertes Fahren, M{\"u}nchen, Partner T{\"U}V S{\"u}d, November 2019}, booktitle = {9. Tagung Automatisiertes Fahren, M{\"u}nchen, Partner T{\"U}V S{\"u}d, November 2019}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Conditional automated driving (CAD) systems (SAE level 3) will soon be introduced to the public market. This automation level is designed to take care of all aspects of the dynamic driving task in specific application areas and does not require the driver to continuously monitor the system performance. However, in contrast to higher levels of automation the "fallback-ready" user always has to be able to regain control if requested by the system. As CAD allows the driver to engage in non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs) past human factors research has looked at their effects on takeover time and quality especially in short-term takeover situations. In order to understand how takeover performance is impacted by different NDRTs, this paper summarizes and compares available results according to the NDRT's impact on the sensoric, motoric and cognitive transition. In addition, aspects of arousal and motivation are considered. Due to the heterogeneity of the empirical work and the available data practically relevant effects can only be attested for NDRTs that cause severe discrepancies between the current driver state and the requirements of the takeover task, such as sensoric and motoric unavailability. The paper concludes by discussing methodological issues and recommending the development of standardized methods for the future.}, subject = {Fahrerassistenzsystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaiynWeidl2023, author = {Raiyn, Jamal and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Naturalistic Driving Studies Data Analysis Based on a Convolutional Neural Network}, series = {VEHITS 2023: 9th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems}, booktitle = {VEHITS 2023: 9th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems}, doi = {10.5220/0011839600003479}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The new generation of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are being designed to act autonomously and collect travel data based on various smart devices and sensors. The goal is to enable AVs to operate under their own power. Naturalistic driving studies (NDSs) collect data continuously from real traffic activities, in order not to miss any safety-critical event. In NDSs of AVs, however, the data they collect is influenced by various sources that degrade their forecasting accuracy. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to process a large amount of traffic data in different formats. A CNN can detect anomalies in traffic data that negatively affect traffic efficiency and identify the source of data anomalies, which can help reduce traffic congestion and vehicular queuing.}, subject = {Autonomes Fahrzeug}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ChaarWeidlRaiyn2023, author = {Chaar, Mohamad Mofeed and Weidl, Galia and Raiyn, Jamal}, title = {Analyse the effect of fog on the perception}, series = {Conference: International Symposium on Transportation Data \& Modelling (ISTDM 2023)}, booktitle = {Conference: International Symposium on Transportation Data \& Modelling (ISTDM 2023)}, year = {2023}, subject = {Autonomes Fahrzeug}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeidlRaiynBerres2023, author = {Weidl, Galia and Raiyn, Jamal and Berres, Stefan}, title = {Does a livable city profit from a shared CCAM Shuttle Bus on demand?}, series = {International Symposium on Transportation Data \& Modelling (ISTDM2023), June 2023}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Transportation Data \& Modelling (ISTDM2023), June 2023}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Livable cities measure quality-of-life factors such as transportation, convenience of daily life, education, and a safe and stable built and natural environment. Livability of a city includes also some social and psychological factors, like emotion and perception. How do we realize the advantages of new technology under mixed traffic conditions, while observing all daily requirements on safety, convenience and high education needs?}, subject = {Stadtentwicklung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ValenciaNormannSapsaietal.2023, author = {Valencia, Yeimy and Normann, Marc and Sapsai, Iryna and Abke, J{\"o}rg and Madsen, Anders L. and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Learning Style Classification by Using Bayesian Networks Based on the Index of Learning Style}, series = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, June 2023}, booktitle = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, June 2023}, doi = {10.1145/3593663.3593685}, pages = {73 -- 82}, year = {2023}, subject = {Lernstil}, language = {en} } @incollection{Roetzel2023, author = {R{\"o}tzel, Peter}, title = {Nachhaltige Unternehmenssteuerung}, series = {Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement kompakt}, booktitle = {Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement kompakt}, publisher = {Vahlen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {59 -- 76}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Erste Schritte zur Implementierung eines Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements im Unternehmen Dieser kompakte Band geht auf zentrale Prinzipien und Konzepte ein, die Unternehmen helfen, ein Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement aufzubauen und weiterzuentwickeln. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus bietet er einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die verschiedenen Ans{\"a}tze und Instrumente des Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements, damit Unternehmen ihre Aktivit{\"a}ten analysieren, bewerten und verbessern k{\"o}nnen, um {\"o}kologische und soziale Auswirkungen zu reduzieren und langfristige Wertsch{\"o}pfung zu erm{\"o}glichen. Diese grundlegende Einf{\"u}hrung richtet sich an die F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte in den Unternehmen, die sich mit Fragen des Umwelt- und Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements besch{\"a}ftigen. Zun{\"a}chst werden die relevanten normativen und regulativen Anforderungen an das unternehmerische Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement vorgestellt, bevor konkret erste Schritte zur Implementierung eines Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements entwickelt werden. Die beiden letzten Kapitel stellen ein geeignetes Steuerungssystem sowie die Grundlagen der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation eines Unternehmens vor.}, subject = {Unternehmensplanung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RaiynWeidl2023, author = {Raiyn, Jamal and Weidl, Galia}, title = {Improving Autonomous Vehicle Reasoning with Non-Monotonic Logic: Advancing Safety and Performance in Complex Environments}, series = {IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)}, booktitle = {IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)}, doi = {10.1109/ISC257844.2023.10293463}, year = {2023}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @book{Borgeest2023, author = {Borgeest, Kai}, title = {Elektronik in der Fahrzeugtechnik: Hardware, Software, Systeme und Projektmanagement}, publisher = {‎Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3658414825}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41483-2}, pages = {637}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Das Buch vermittelt die Grundlagen, um die Besonderheiten der Elektronik und Software im Kfz nicht nur zu kennen, sondern auch zu verstehen. Zus{\"a}tzlich wird an Beispielen die Komplexit{\"a}t realer Systeme im Fahrzeug vorgef{\"u}hrt und gezeigt, welche Anwendungen durch die Elektronik erst m{\"o}glich werden. Das Spannungsfeld zwischen Sicherheit, Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit und Komplexit{\"a}t pr{\"a}gt in Verbindung mit branchen{\"u}blichen Abl{\"a}ufen das Vorgehen bei der Entwicklung, das ein in diesem Bereich t{\"a}tiger Ingenieur verstehen muss.}, subject = {Kraftfahrzeugelektronik}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SauerSpielmannGorksetal.2023, author = {Sauer, Timm and Spielmann, Luca and Gorks, Manuel and Zindler, Klaus and Jumar, Ulrich}, title = {Model Predictive Control of Industrial Trucks with AI-based Plant Model Selection}, series = {9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)}, volume = {2023}, booktitle = {9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)}, number = {Conference Proceedings}, doi = {10.1109/CoDIT58514.2023.10284427}, pages = {263 -- 268}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In this paper, a new control concept for automatic track guidance of forklifts within a heterogeneous logistics fleet is presented. The proposed control scheme is universally applicable and based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). The lateral control is realized using a Model Predictive Controller (MPC). In order to take into account the diversity of the industrial truck variants, a multi-model approach is used. Therefore, a plant model for each truck variant is integrated into the MPC. In a practical application, the most suitable model has to be selected. This decision is based on AI in the form of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). It is able to distinguish the different truck variants based on that part of the plant's state vector, which represents the vehicle dynamic characteristics. Thus, the appropriate model can be used, which significantly improves the control quality and guarantees an accurate track guidance of different forklifts. Due to the AI-based selection of the model, the computational effort can be kept low and real-time capability can be ensured. In order to classify the performance of the proposed control concept, its simulation results are compared to the closed-loop behavior, using a classical MPC.}, subject = {Flurf{\"o}rderer}, language = {en} } @unpublished{SchorkOezdemirKalukZerey2023, author = {Schork, Sabrina and {\"O}zdemir-Kaluk, Dilan and Zerey, Cudi}, title = {An integrative definition of digital, innovation, and sustainable: A bridge between disciplines}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.10143498}, year = {2023}, abstract = {It needs to be clarified how digital, innovation, and sustainable concepts are interdependent and what dimensions they encompass from an organizational perspective. This article aims to fill these gaps. 12,249 articles are analyzed, of which 776 are minimum C-ranked according to VHB-Jourqual, and 457 pass the quality filters. Only 48 publications deal with all three concepts, and 24 offer definitions. This results from an eight-step systematic literaturereview. Three dimensions for 'digital' (data, technologies, and networks), three dimensions for 'sustainable'(environmental, social, and economic), and four dimensions for 'innovation'(product, service, business model, and process) are elaborated in a framework. Based on this, an integrated definition is derivedusing a content analysis.The DIS-definition can be used for strategic decision-making processes and bridges the disciplines of technology, innovation, and sustainability management. Finally, a canvas that clarifies the concepts and their connections is proposed for interdisciplinary management discussions.}, subject = {Digitalisierung}, language = {en} }