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This paper discusses the application of the Kingman formula as a means for verification and validation of a production simulation framework. It turns out that this approach generates more questions than answers. This leads to a more in-depth analysis of the Kingman equation properties and the need for refinement of the resulting quantities for the practitioner.
First, the one-stage queueing problem and its properties are analyzed. Then a discrete simulation model is implemented utilizing an industry standard factory simulation framework. A puzzling outcome is the observation that the simulation results match the Kingman approximation reasonably well at lower levels of utilization at which the Kingman equation itself is not very accurate, but they don’t match well at high levels of utilization at which the equation is more accurate. Alternative implementation means lead to similar results. It turns out that only one approach chosen utilizing the Lindley equation generates reasonable results, leaving the suggestion of accumulation of rounding errors as a source of the mismatch with all other approaches. The Kingman formula is applicable to general distribution patterns. Four common such patterns are employed and the results are compared to the Kingman equation, proving the point.
The paper finishes with recommendations for simulation verification, it advises against the use of stochastic phenomena models like the Kingman formula, it does however strongly advise for verification means in general, based on the experienced gathered during the course of the studies discussed herein.
This publication explains based on the practice-oriented values management cycle how purposeful management of values will succeed.
Contemporary management of values as basis of sustainability in corporate development and governance and credible sustainable management takes into account visible and invisible factors from people and organization. Embedded in the basic understanding of questions of meaning, purpose and the worldviews of the acting people, it is a long-term task to identify, manage and further develop a unique portfolio of values that optimally connects and supports strategy in the company in a discourse-ethical and reflexive manner.
The Airline sector is probably one of the most international industries nowadays. Thus, one should expect that airline companies are also international orientated and show their open-mindedness through all the services they offer. Using the renowned cross-cultural Bennett scale to rate the degree of ethnorelativity, this empirical study aims at analysing the link between the use of foreign language in inflight magazines and the attitude towards foreigners in countries the airlines originates from. The authors discovered that there exists a strong correlation between the use of foreign language in inflight magazines offered to the passengers and the degree welcoming foreigners in the country of origine of the airline.