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Computer Vision in Reusable Container Management : Requirements, Conception, and Data Acquisition
()
In container management, the reuse of small load carriers is a business alternative to disposal carriers. Reusable container management is furthermore a solution to improve the environmental impact of the logistic industry. The sorting and stock management of small load carriers are today primarily manual work and have consequently a low level of automation. In order to increase the automation of returnable containers, it is crucial to establish a computer vision system that (i) classifies the containers and (ii) detects potential defects or stains. This paper provides an overview and a discussion of the applications that are already in use. Object detection is necessary for many actions in the container management business processes, such as inventory and stock management. Detection of defects on the small load carrier is required for scrapping the carriers to ensure a smooth process in any business process involving the carrier and to decide whether additional process steps, e.g., cleaning, are required. The literature review in this paper establishes the demand for computer vision detection and shows the project setup necessary to conduct research in this area. The comparison with other applications of defect and anomaly detection supports the applicability and shows the need for further research in this specific academic field. This leads to a project outline and the research provides the technical implementation of the detections in container management. Accordingly, the research provides a work- flow guide from data acquisition to a high-quality dataset of labeled anomalies of small load carriers.
The non-equilibrium steady states of a semi-infinite quasi-one-dimensional univalent binary electrolyte solution, characterised by non-vanishing electric currents, are investigated by means of Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) theory. Exact analytical expressions of the electric field, the charge density and the number density are derived, which depend on the electric current density as a parameter. From a non-equilibrium version of the Grahame equation, which relates the total space charge per cross-sectional area and the corresponding contribution of the electric potential drop, the current-dependent differential capacitance of the diffuse layer is derived. In the limit of vanishing electric current these results reduce to those within Gouy-Chapman theory. It is shown that improperly chosen boundary conditions lead to non-equilibrium steady state solutions of the PNP equations with negative ion number densities. A necessary and sufficient criterion on surface conductivity constitutive relations is formulated which allows one to detect such unphysical solutions.
Revisiting diffusive representations for enhanced numerical approximation of fractional integrals
(2023)
This study reexamines diffusive representations for fractional integrals with the goal of pioneering new variants of such representations. These variants aim to offer highly efficient numerical algorithms for the approximate computation of fractional integrals. The approach seamlessly aligns with established techniques used in addressing problems involving integer-order operators, contributing to a unified framework for numerical solutions.
This paper is devoted to studying the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to generalized noncommensurate fractional systems. To this end, we first consider fractional systems with rational orders and introduce a criterion that is necessary and sufficient to ensure the stability of such systems. Next, from the fractional-order pseudospectrum definition proposed by Sanca et al., we formulate the concept of a rational approximation for the fractional spectrum of a noncommensurate fractional systems with general, not necessarily rational, orders. Our first important new contribution is to
show the equivalence between the fractional spectrum of a noncommensurate linear system and its rational approximation. With this result in hand, we use ideas developed in our earlier work to demonstrate the stability of an equilibrium point to nonlinear systems in arbitrary finite-dimensional spaces. A second novel aspect of our work is the fact that the approach is constructive. Finally, we give numerical simulations to illustrate the merit of the proposed theoretical results.
Sachcomics
(2008)