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A new field oriented control structure is presented which makes it possible to use synchronous optimal PWM (SOPWM) for high-speed PMSM drives. Due to the simplicity of modulator and control, parametrization is straightforward. The algorithms are implemented on an industrial drive controller. Measurement results show the advantages compared to standard PWM schemes using asynchronous space vector modulation (SVPWM).
Three-dimensional (3D) C-arm computed tomography is a new and innovative imaging technique. It uses two-dimensional (2D) X-ray projections acquired with a flat-panel detector C-arm angiography system to generate CT-like images. To this end, the C-arm system performs a sweep around the patient, acquiring up to several hundred 2D views. They serve as input for 3D cone-beam reconstruction. Resulting voxel data sets can be visualized either as cross-sectional images or as 3D data sets using different volume rendering techniques. Initially targeted at 3D high-contrast neurovascular applications, 3D C-arm imaging has been continuously improved over the years and is now capable of providing CT-like soft-tissue image quality. In combination with 2D fluoroscopic or radiographic imaging, information provided by 3D C-arm imaging can be valuable for therapy planning, guidance, and outcome assessment all in the interventional suite.