TY - JOUR A1 - Diethelm, Kai A1 - Tuan, Hoang The T1 - Upper and lower estimates for the separation of solutions to fractional differential equations JF - Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis N2 - Given a fractional differential equation of order α∈(0,1] with Caputo derivatives, we investigate in a quantitative sense how the associated solutions depend on their respective initial conditions. Specifically, we look at two solutions x1 and x2, say, of the same differential equation, both of which are assumed to be defined on a common interval [0, T], and provide upper and lower bounds for the difference x1(t)−x2(t) for all t∈[0,T] that are stronger than the bounds previously described in the literature. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13540-021-00007-x SN - 1314-2224 VL - 25 SP - 166 EP - 180 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bördlein, Christoph A1 - Vorbeck, Benedict T1 - Using auditory feedback in body weight training JF - Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis N2 - Auditory feedback has been successfully used to enhance performance in several sports such as golf and dance. The current study used auditory feedback procedures (i.e., a clicker) to improve the performance of 3 students performing a handstand. Handstands are part of a discipline called body weight training, that uses only the weight of an individual's own body to gain strength and body control. A multiple baseline design across four components was used to evaluate the effectiveness of auditory feedback. The results showed that auditory feedback was effective. The students and the trainer were highly satisfied with the auditory feedback procedure. Implications for future research are discussed. KW - auditory feedback KW - training Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.723 SN - 1938-3703 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 2349 EP - 2359 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Budnikov, Mikhail A1 - Bykova, Anna A1 - Yamshchikov, Ivan T1 - Generalization potential of large language models JF - Neural Computing and Applications N2 - The rise of deep learning techniques and especially the advent of large language models (LLMs) intensified the discussions around possibilities that artificial intelligence with higher generalization capability entails. The range of opinions on the capabilities of LLMs is extremely broad: from equating language models with stochastic parrots to stating that they are already conscious. This paper represents an attempt to review LLM landscape in the context of their generalization capacity as an information theoretic property of those complex systems. We discuss the suggested theoretical explanations for generalization in LLMs and highlight possible mechanisms responsible for these generalization properties. Through an examination of existing literature and theoretical frameworks, we endeavor to provide insights into the mechanisms driving the generalization capacity of LLMs, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of their capabilities and limitations in natural language processing tasks. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57807 SN - 0941-0643 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 1973 EP - 1997 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wertgen, Andreas A1 - Münchow, Hannes A1 - Richter, Tobias A1 - Tiffin-Richards, Simon P. T1 - Lasting benefits of a web-based training in understanding informal arguments JF - European Journal of Psychology of Education N2 - Being able to comprehend informal arguments in scientific texts is important for scientific literacy in higher education. Successful intervention studies demonstrating that these skills can be trained in university students have not yet provided evidence that gains of explicit training can be maintained beyond immediate post-training assessment. In this study, we tested whether the gains in argument structure comprehension achieved using a self-directed, web-based training intervention could be maintained over several weeks as an indication of sustained improvement in scientific literacy. We also explored characteristics of students and their engagement with the training intervention that resulted in significant and sustained improvements of their argument structure comprehension skills. One hundred students took part in a voluntary supplement to their university courses, completing an online pretest, a 45-minute training session, a posttest (n = 88), and a follow-up test (n = 31). Training effects at posttest were compared with an active control group. The results suggest that the training group exhibited significant gains in argument structure comprehension. These gains were maintained across a four-week period. Students with low starting ability profited the most from the training and gains in argument comprehension were greatest for complex arguments. Training results were positively related to student motivation and this effect was fully mediated by their engagement with the training exercises. The results demonstrate that training gains can be maintained after immediate post-training assessment and suggest that training is particularly effective for low-performing students, for complex arguments, and when students are motivated and engage with the training exercises. Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57796 SN - 0256-2928 VL - 40 IS - 1 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olberding, Helge A1 - Vetter, Mark T1 - Dynamic 3D-Cartographic Symbols for VR Geovisualizations JF - KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information N2 - Geovisualizations that use a virtual reality headset can have a more immersive effect on users than when only a desktop application is viewed. However, to have an overview, a VR 3D map is usually viewed from a top-down perspective. On the other hand, the first-person perspective is used when the scenario is visualized as realistically as possible, and the ultimate goal is to feel present inside the 3D city. With the help of dynamic cartographic visualization methods, such as animated symbols appearing or a dynamic change of selected or complete visualization, it is possible to convey targeted information while being inside the 3D. For this purpose, techniques and ideas from cartography and video games were utilized and combined. The combination resulted in dynamically changeable symbol objects, which can be placed automatically using tables or building information, and dynamically changeable post-processing methods. Users can interactively select a predefined set of visualization methods and show/hide dynamic cartographic symbols in the running application via an interface. The study aims to develop cartographic visualization methods that can be technically used within a game engine for VR applications to improve spatial perception. KW - 3D KW - Cartographic symbols KW - Geovisualization KW - Interactive KW - NPR KW - Virtual reality Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-53072 SN - 2524-4965 VL - 73 IS - 4 SP - 265 EP - 275 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sesselmann, Stefan T1 - Cubital tunnel syndrome due to an intraneural ganglion cyst of the ulnar nerve JF - Georgian Medical News N2 - Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common neuropathy of the upper extremity. Cubital tunnel syndrome caused by intraneural ganglion cysts is rare in clinical practice. We present the case of a 71-year-old male patient with a 4-month history of cubital tunnel syndrome of the left elbow due to an intraneural ganglion cyst. After revision of the ulnar nerve and resection of the intraneural cyst nearly complete recovery was achieved within a 5 month follow-up but some sensory deficits of the fifth fingertip. We recommend preoperative ultrasound examination of the cubital tunnel even in cases with clear diagnosis. Ganglion cyst as a cause of cubital tunnel is rare but needs to be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible to prevent irreversible complications. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-53666 UR - https://www.geomednews.com/Articles/2023/10_2023/50-52.pdf VL - 343 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Volz, Michael T1 - Fatigue strength of repair-welded headed studs JF - ce/papers: 11th International Symposium on Steel Bridges 2024 N2 - Welded connections of headed studs are highly stressed details in bridge structures in steel-concrete composite construction and are largely responsible for the functionality of the supporting structures. At the same time, this detail requires a lot of resources due to the high welding effort and therefore has a major influence on the economic success. An important criterion for the economic and ecological balance of the structure is the durability of the welded joint, which is quantified by the fatigue strength. The welding of headed studs for composite bridges is usually carried out using fully mechanised drawn arc stud welding in accordance with EN ISO 14555. Due to the process, stud welds that do not fulfil the standard requirements for flawless condition may occur in individual cases. The design rules for stud load-bearing capacity in accordance with EN 1994-2 are based on tests and only apply to connections produced using drawn arc stud welding. In the past, there were practicable and tacitly accepted solutions for repairing such sporadically occurring faulty welds, but these were never systematically investigated. Particularly against the background of fatigue loading, repair-welded stud connections are now to be systematically investigated in a project funded by the AIF. The article provides an overview of the execution of stud welded joints and presents the tests planned in the project in order to achieve a practicable recommendation for the repair welding of headed studs. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57566 VL - 7 IS - 3-4 PB - Ernst & Sohn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henking, Tanja T1 - Suizid und Suizidbeihilfe aus rechtlicher und ethischer Perspektive JF - Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz N2 - Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat im Jahr 2020 das Verbot der geschäftsmäßigen Beihilfe zur Selbsttötung für verfassungswidrig und nichtig erklärt. Das Gericht leitet aus dem allgemeinen Persönlichkeitsrecht ein Recht auf selbstbestimmtes Sterben ab. Dieses Recht schließe auch die Freiheit ein, sich das Leben zu nehmen sowie hierfür bei Dritten Hilfe zu suchen und Hilfe, soweit sie angeboten wird, auch in Anspruch zu nehmen. Inzwischen liegen einige Regelungsvorschläge und Gesetzesentwürfe vor, die unterschiedliche Konzeptionen einer möglichen zukünftigen Regelung der Suizidbeihilfe verfolgen. Der Suche nach einer neuen Regelung sollte aber aus strafrechtlicher Perspektive stets die Frage nach der Erforderlichkeit einer neuen Regelung vorausgehen. Eine Neuregelung darf sich nicht auf bestimmte Personengruppen, wie beispielsweise Personen mit unheilbarer, tödlicher Erkrankung, beschränken, weil andernfalls das Suizidmotiv bewertet würde. Dieses bringt die besondere Herausforderung mit sich, eine Regelung zu finden, die ohne eine Bewertung des Suizidmotivs die unterschiedlichen Problem- und Bedürfnislagen erfasst und dabei auch in den Blick nimmt, dass die Autonomie des Einzelnen in unterschiedlicher Weise gefährdet sein kann. Der Beitrag nimmt seinen Ausgangspunkt in dem Recht auf Selbsttötung, beleuchtet unterschiedliche Konzepte und diskutiert ihre Vor- und Nachteile, ohne einzelne Gesetzesvorschläge explizit herauszustellen. Hierdurch soll die weitere Debatte um einzelne Aspekte bereichert werden. Zugleich wird dafür geworben, gesetzgeberische Zurückhaltung zu üben. N2 - In 2020, the Federal Constitutional Court declared the ban on assisted suicide unconstitutional and invalid. The court derived a right to self-determined dying from the general right of personality. This right also includes the freedom to take one’s own life and to seek help from third parties for this purpose and to make use of help if it is offered. In the meantime, there are several proposals for regulations and draft laws that pursue different concepts of a possible future regulation of assisted suicide. However, from the perspective of criminal law, the search for a new regulation should always be preceded by the question of the necessity of a new regulation. A new regulation must not be limited to certain groups of persons, such as persons with incurable, terminal illnesses, because otherwise the suicide motive would be assessed. This brings with it the particular challenge of finding a regulation that covers the different problem and need situations without assessing the suicide motive and also takes into account that the autonomy of the individual can be endangered in different ways. The article takes its starting point in the right to suicide, sheds light on different concepts, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages without explicitly highlighting individual legislative proposals. This is intended to enrich the further debate with individual aspects. At the same time, it advocates legislative restraint. KW - suizid Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-021-03469-9 SN - 1437-1588 VL - 65 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 73 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klemmt, Malte A1 - Henking, Tanja T1 - Wishes and needs of nursing home residents and their relatives regarding end-of-life decision-making and care planning BT - A qualitative study JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing N2 - Aims and Objectives To explore wishes and needs, such as existing and preferred communication processes, of residents and relatives regarding medical and nursing planning at the end of life. Background Nursing home residents are a relevant target group for advance care planning (ACP) due to their high age and multimorbidity. Their relatives seem to be important partners in terms of communication and their documentation of wishes and needs. Design A qualitative descriptive design was used. Methods Thirty-two guideline-based interviews with nursing home residents (n = 24) and relatives (n = 8) were conducted in nursing homes in Germany (n = 7). All interviews were analysed by content-structured content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used to document reporting of the study. Results Residents particularly express wishes and needs regarding their health, like the desire to maintain or improve one's current state of health and to be active and mobile and also regarding their social situation, for example the well-being of relatives and beloved ones. A limited group of people was identified with whom residents spoke about issues such as preparedness and self-determination. These were mainly their relatives. Relatives themselves have a need for more communication. Various communication barriers could be identified. Conclusion Residents express diverse and partly explicit wishes and needs. Although many of the respondents had already drafted advanced directives, the demand for offers of communication to plan ahead for the end of life remains clear. The results indicate the unconditional participation of relatives and people close to the residents, if they are available. Relevance to clinical practice Derivations for a target group-related ACP concept in the study region are identified. Besides the involvement of relatives, nurses could also be involved in the communication and decision-making process of residents in nursing homes under certain conditions. KW - nursing home KW - care Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15291 SN - 1365-2702 VL - 29 IS - 13-14 SP - 2663 EP - 2674 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischmann, Carolin A1 - Henking, Tanja A1 - Neuderth, Silke T1 - Wissensstand und Fehlvorstellungen zu Vorsorgedokumenten - Ergebnisse einer Bürgerbefragung T1 - Knowledge and misconceptions on advance directives - results of a citizen survey JF - Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz N2 - Einleitung Vorsorgedokumente wie Patientenverfügung oder Vorsorgevollmacht sind bedeutsame Instrumente der Vorausplanung für Situationen, in denen ein Mensch nicht mehr für sich selbst entscheiden kann. Obwohl immer mehr Bürger:innen in Deutschland solche Dokumente erstellen, ist über ihr Wissen zu Zweck, Arten und Anwendung von Vorsorgedokumenten wenig bekannt. Nach über 10 Jahren seit der gesetzlichen Verankerung der Patientenverfügung soll diese Studie das Wissen von Bürger:innen erfassen und Wissenslücken detektieren. Methoden In der Stadt und im Landkreis Würzburg wurde 2021 eine Querschnittsbefragung von volljährigen Bürger:innen u. a. zu Besitz, Umgang mit und Wissensstand zu Vorsorgedokumenten durchgeführt. Die Rekrutierung erfolgte über Werbeanzeigen und lokale Netzwerke. Ergebnisse Von den 282 Befragten (MAlter = 50 J., zu 2 Drittel weiblich) hatten 43,4 % nach Selbstangabe zumindest ein Vorsorgedokument verfasst. Im Wissenstest wurden im Mittel 22/34 Punkten erreicht. Fragen zur konkreten Anwendung von Vorsorgedokumenten anhand eines Fallbeispiels sowie zu Sterbehilfearten wurden häufig korrekt beantwortet, wohingegen beim Faktenwissen zu den einzelnen Dokumenttypen größere Wissensdefizite bestanden. Objektiv getestetes Wissen und Variablen zum subjektiven Wissensstand korrelieren positiv. Diskussion Die relativ hohe Quote an erstellten Dokumenten in dieser Stichprobe ist Ausdruck ihrer raschen Verbreitung in den letzten Jahren. Das Wissensniveau ist als niedrig einzuschätzen und zeigt Fehlvorstellungen zu Rechten und Pflichten der verfassenden Person sowie der beteiligten Akteure. Das gemessene Wissen der Bürger:innen steht in Diskrepanz zum häufig geäußerten Wunsch, durch informiertes Erstellen von Vorsorgedokumenten ihre Selbstbestimmung zu wahren. N2 - Background Advance directives (ADs) such as living wills or healthcare powers of attorney are important tools to anticipate medical treatment decisions when decision-making capacity is lost in the future. Although a rising number of citizens in Germany are creating such documents, little is known about their knowledge of the purpose, types, and use of ADs. After more than 10 years since legislation on ADs came into force, this study intends to measure the objective knowledge of citizens and detect deficits in knowledge. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey of citizens aged 18+ in the city and county of Wuerzburg. The questionnaire included, among other things, possession, experience, and knowledge of ADs. Sampling was conducted via advertising and local networking. Results Of the 282 participants who took part in the survey (Mage = 50 years, 2/3 female), 43.4% reported having created a minimum of one document. In the knowledge test, an average of 22/34 points was achieved. While questions about the specific application of ADs based on a case study were often answered correctly, we found deficits about the single document types. The results in the knowledge test and the variables on the subjective level of knowledge correlate positively. Discussion The relatively high rate of ADs in this sample indicates their rapid dissemination during the past few years in Germany. Overall, the level of knowledge ADs appears to be low, revealing misconceptions about the creator’s and involved people’s rights and obligations. The measured knowledge level contradicts with the frequently expressed desire of citizens to preserve their autonomy by creating ADs for themselves. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-023-03751-y ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wahyudi, Vincent A1 - Ziegler, Cedric C. A1 - Frieß, Matthias A1 - Schramm, Stefan A1 - Lang, Constantin A1 - Eberhardt, Lars A1 - Freund, Fabian A1 - Dobhan, Alexander A1 - Storath, Martin T1 - A computer vision system for recognition and defect detection for reusable containers JF - Machine Vision and Applications N2 - Abstract Small load carriers (SLCs) are standardized reusable containers used to transport and protect customer goods in many manufacturers. Throughout the life cycle of the SLCs, they will be collected, manually checked for defects (wear, cracks, and residue on the surface), and cleaned by specialized logistic companies. Human operators in small to medium-sized companies manually evaluate the defects due to the variety and degree of possible defects and varying customer needs. This manual evaluation is not scalable and prone to errors. This work aims to fill this gap by proposing a computer vision system that can recognize the SLC type for inventory management and perform defect detection automatically. First, we develop a camera portal, consisting of standard components, that capture the relevant surfaces of the SLC. A labeled dataset of 17,530 images of 34 different SLCs with their defect status was recorded using this camera portal. We trained a classification model (ConvNeXt) using our dataset to predict the different types of SLCs achieving 100% class prediction accuracy. For defect detection, we explore eight state-of-the-art (SOTA) anomaly detection models that achieved high rankings in the MVTec industrial anomaly detection benchmark. These models are trained using default hyperparameters and the two highest-scoring models were chosen and fine-tuned. The best-fine-tuned models based on “Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC)” are PatchCore (0.811) and DRAEM (0.748). These results indicate that there is still potential for improvement in the automation of defect detection of SLCs. Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57430 SN - 0932-8092 VL - 36 IS - 2 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konrad, Robert A1 - Schuster, Denise A1 - Heppner, Hans-Jürgen T1 - BiA – I.D.A. – Notfallregister BT - Mögliche Konzepte zur Planungsgrundlage von Ad-hoc-Einsätzen und präventiven Maßnahmen im Katastrophenschutz/Bevölkerungsschutz,Possible concepts as a planning basis for ad hoc operations and preventive measures in disaster control/civil protection JF - Notfall + Rettungsmedizin N2 - Hintergrund Die Sicherstellung der gesundheitlichen Versorgung der Bevölkerung im Zivilschutzfall obliegt den nach Landesrecht zuständigen Behörden, die der Bund bei Bedarf mit entsprechenden Maßnahmen unterstützt. Der meist über die regulären Rettungsdienstressourcen hinausgehende Umfang an Versorgungsbedarf von Betroffenen hängt stark von der Ursache des Einsatzgeschehens ab. Für die Vorplanung sowie die Einhaltung von Versorgungsstandards sind valide Daten erforderlich, die die versorgenden Hilfsorganisationen von Beginn an eine Eingruppierung in Soforthilfe, Übergangshilfe oder Wiederaufbauhilfe vornehmen sowie eventuelle Sonderversorgungsbedarfe erkennen lassen. Ziel der Arbeit/Fragestellung Welche Instrumente sind verfügbar, die valide Daten für eine Einschätzung und Pflegebedarfsplanung im Bevölkerungsschutz zur Verfügung stellen? Material und Methoden Recherche und Analyse geeigneter und öffentlich verfügbarer Pflegebedarfsplanungsinstrumente im Kontext Bevölkerungsschutz. Ergebnisse Standardisierte, frei verfügbare Bedarfsplanungsinstrumente mit konkreten Planungsvorschlägen für den Bevölkerungsschutz gibt es derzeit nicht. Dennoch sind vielversprechende Insellösungen verfügbar, die als gute Planungsgrundlage verwendet werden können. Diskussion Konkrete Vorgaben zur Unterbringung und Versorgung vulnerabler Gruppen mit Pflegebedarf sind in Betreuungskonzepten derzeit nur unzureichend oder gar nicht abgebildet. Eine Zusammenführung der im Netz verfügbaren Insellösungen würde ohne Weiteres eine standardisierte flächendeckende Nutzung zur Bedarfsplanung zulassen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57777 SN - 1434-6222 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Volz, Stefan A1 - Storath, Martin A1 - Weinmann, Andreas T1 - Degrees-of-freedom penalized piecewise regression JF - Information and Inference: A Journal of the IMA N2 - Many popular piecewise regression models rely on minimizing a cost function on the model fit with a linear penalty on the number of segments. However, this penalty does not take into account varying complexities of the model functions on the segments potentially leading to overfitting when models with varying complexities, such as polynomials of different degrees, are used. In this work, we enhance on this approach by instead using a penalty on the sum of the degrees of freedom over all segments, called degrees-of-freedom penalized piecewise regression. We show that the solutions of the resulting minimization problem are unique for almost all input data in a least squares setting. We develop a fast algorithm that does not only compute a minimizer but also determines an optimal hyperparameter—in the sense of rolling cross validation with the one standard error rule—exactly. This eliminates manual hyperparameter selection. Our method supports optional user parameters for incorporating domain knowledge. We provide an open-source Python/Rust code for the piecewise polynomial least squares case which can be extended to further models. We demonstrate the practical utility through a simulation study and by applications to real data. A constrained variant of the proposed method gives state-of-the-art results in the Turing benchmark for unsupervised changepoint detection. Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57846 SN - 2049-8772 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-Salazar, Miguel A1 - Malcher, Xenia T1 - Strategies for decarbonizing European district heating BT - Evaluation of their effectiveness in Sweden, France, Germany, and Poland JF - Energy N2 - Decarbonizing the EU’s district heating is crucial for meeting climate goals and securing a sustainable energy future. Currently, district heating suffers from inefficiency, high operating temperatures, significant distribution losses, and reliance on fossil fuels. Literature highlights strategies for reducing emissions, including integrating low-carbon heat sources, lowering supply temperatures, and employing efficient technologies like heat pumps and combined heat and power (CHP). However, the individual effectiveness of these strategies in reducing emissions within existing networks remains unassessed. This study addresses the gap by applying a comprehensive model that evaluates energy and emissions across the district heating supply chain, coupled with a derivative-based sensitivity analysis. We apply this methodology to the national-level district heating systems of Sweden, France, Germany, and Poland. Results indicate that the impact of decarbonization strategies on district heating emissions varies significantly by the system’s characteristics, i.e., the energy mix in power and district heating supply and the presence of CHP plants. Primarily, incorporating more low-carbon heat sources emerges as the most effective method for emission reduction across nearly all examined countries. A 1 % increase in the share of low-carbon heat sources can potentially cut emissions by 0.8–1.3 kg CO2e per GJ of heat. In countries like Sweden and France, where the power generation already relies heavily on low-carbon resources, technologies which convert electricity to heat—such as heat pumps and electric boilers—rank as the second most effective approach. In contrast, for countries like Germany and Poland, with their moderate to low use of low-carbon power, reducing distribution losses and decreasing heat demand prove more effective, with emission reductions ranging between 0.8-1.3 and 0.7–1.2 kg CO2e per GJ in these countries, respectively. Additionally, cutting down power generation in fossil fuel-based CHP plants significantly reduces emissions in these regions. While green hydrogen and carbon capture and storage (CCS) also contribute to emission reductions, a 1 % increase in green hydrogen’s share might decrease emissions by just 0.3–0.5 kg CO2e per GJ of heat, highlighting their lower effectiveness compared to the aforementioned strategies. These insights hold value for both district heating operators and for technology suppliers seeking decarbonization pathways. This is also true for policy- makers focused on climate change mitigation, guiding the distribution of subsidies and R&D investments. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57558 VL - 306 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chaudhary, Renu A1 - Diethelm, Kai A1 - Hashemishahraki, Safoura T1 - On the separation of solutions to fractional differential equations of order α ∈ (1, 2) JF - Applied Numerical Mathematics N2 - Given a Caputo-type fractional differential equation with order between 1 and 2, we consider two distinct solutions to this equation subject to different sets of initial conditions. In this framework, we discuss nontrivial upper and lower bounds for the difference between these solutions. The main emphasis is on describing how such bounds are related to the differences of the associated initial values. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57338 VL - 203 SP - Article No. 38 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Singh, Vikram A1 - Chaudhary, Renu A1 - Kumar, Umesh A1 - Kumar, Sandeep T1 - Approximate Controllability of Fractional Evolution System on Non-Dense Domain JF - Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems N2 - This article explores the existence and approximate controllability of integral solutions for Hilfer fractional evolution equations in a non-dense domain. Leveraging the well-known generalized Banach contraction theorem, we establish both the existence and uniqueness of the integral solution. Furthermore, we adopt a sequential approach to derive results related to approximate controllability, without relying on the compactness of semigroups or the uniform boundedness of nonlinear functions. To validate our findings, we present and discuss an illustrative example. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57760 SN - 1575-5460 VL - 23 IS - S1 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diethelm, Kai A1 - Hashemishahraki, Safoura A1 - Thai, Ha Duc A1 - Tuan, Hoang The T1 - A constructive approach for investigating the stability of incommensurate fractional differential systems JF - Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications N2 - This paper is devoted to studying the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to generalized incommensurate fractional systems. To this end, we first consider fractional systems with rational orders and introduce a criterion that is necessary and sufficient to ensure the stability of such systems. Next, from the fractional order pseudospectrum definition proposed by Šanca et al., we formulate the concept of a rational approximation for the fractional spectrum of incommensurate fractional systems with general, not necessarily rational, orders. Our first important new contribution is to show the equivalence between the fractional spectrum of a incommensurate linear system and its rational approximation. With this result in hand, we use ideas developed in our earlier work to demonstrate the stability of an equilibrium point to nonlinear systems in arbitrary finite-dimensional spaces. A second novel aspect of our work is the fact that the approach is constructive. It is effective and widely applicable in studying the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to linear incommensurate fractional differential systems with constant coefficient matrices and linearized stability theory for nonlinear incommensurate fractional differential systems. Finally, we give numerical simulations to illustrate the merit of the proposed theoretical results. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57547 VL - 540 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oeser, David A1 - Hein, Thiemo A1 - Ziegler, Andreas A1 - Seefried, Michael A1 - Gielinger, Sebastian A1 - Montesinos-Miracle, Daniel A1 - Bohn, Gunther A1 - Ackva, Ansgar T1 - Age-related development of cell-to-cell variation under various operating conditions in commercial NMC/graphite lithium-ion cells JF - Journal of Energy Storage N2 - In real applications, lithium-ion cells are usually used in individual interconnections, with the worst cell determining capacity, performance and service life. Due to different ageing rates of the assembled cells, cell-to-cell variation changes over lifetime. In literature, cell-to-cell variation is usually investigated near room temperature under one operating condition. Data regarding cell-to-cell variation above and below room temperature under different operating conditions are hard to find. To fill the gap in literature, this study considers cell-to-cell variation as a function of different charge/discharge currents at ambient temperatures between 0 °C and 40 °C on commercial NMC/graphite cells (Samsung SDI ICR18650-26J). The results demonstrate that cell-to-cell variation strongly depends on the selected operating conditions. In particular, operating conditions near the lithium plating boundary at the beginning of the ageing process have a particularly high risk of developing a pronounced variation. Fast charging or charging at lower temperatures should therefore be avoided. Operation at moderate temperatures and currents, on the other hand, only leads to a slight increase in cell-to-cell variation in the tests carried out. A 24-month storage during the testing period at 30% SOC and room temperature of the same cells shows even a slight reduction in cell-to-cell variation. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-57585 VL - 101 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gläser, Carolin A1 - Bördlein, Christoph T1 - An Application of Behavioral Science to Improve Bicycle Safety: An Innovative Behavioral Prompting Technique JF - Behavior and Social Issues N2 - From a behavioral community perspective, cyclists’ decisions to wear helmets reflect social and cognitive biases rather than purely rational risk assessment. Despite awareness of helmet safety benefits, many cyclists, particularly students, forget helmets due to perceived inconvenience and an underestimation of risk on short trips. In a university-based intervention, we applied a community-driven behavioral prompting technique by distributing stickers featuring the Bavarian Prime Minister wearing a helmet. This simple cue led to a temporary two- to threefold increase in helmet use. However, the effect diminished over time, highlighting the limitations of this student-driven intervention. Future research should explore sustained behavioral change strategies, integrating repeated or varied prompts to reinforce long-term impact within student communities. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s42822-025-00208-6 SN - 1064-9506 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malcher, Xenia A1 - Tenorio-Rodriguez, Francis Catherine A1 - Finkbeiner, Matthias A1 - Gonzalez-Salazar, Miguel T1 - Decarbonization of district heating: A systematic review of carbon footprint and key mitigation strategies JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115602 SN - 1364-0321 VL - 215 PB - Elsevier BV ER -