TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - The PriTeRa facility of PTB for spectral radiance and irradiance calibrations and radiation thermometry in the range from À170 C up to 3200 C and from 200 nm up to 50 μm T2 - Proc. Newrad N2 - Blackbody radiators provide calculable spectral radiance and irradiance if their temperature and their emissivity is well known. Due to technical restrictions, one single blackbody can cover only a limited temperature range and therefore limited wavelengths for spectral radiance and irradiance calibrations. Space borne instruments for measuring the solar emission usually need calibrations from the UV to the near Infrared part of the optical spectrum [1] whereas remote sensing experiments for measuring earth surface temperatures for climate prediction or spaceborne instruments that deliver evidence for water on the surface of planet Mars [2] require calibration in the far infrared spectral range. To achieve these complementary requirements, PTB has set-up a series of blackbody based instrumentations, which are combined in the Primary Temperature Radiator facility (PriTeRa). To cover the whole wavelength range from 200 nm up to 800 µm different blackbody designs have to be applied. Y1 - 2008 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juergen_Hartmann3/publication/313447537_The_PriTeRa_facility_of_PTB_for_spectral_radiance_and_irradiance_calibrations_and_radiation_thermometry_in_the_range_from_-170_C_up_to_3200_C_and_from_200_nm_up_to_50_mm/links/5f8580b2299bf1b53e230e35/The-PriTeRa-facility-of-PTB-for-spectral-radiance-and-irradiance-calibrations-and-radiation-thermometry-in-the-range-from-170-C-up-to-3200-C-and-from-200-nm-up-to-50-mm.pdf SP - 13 EP - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - The composition analysis of YBa2Cu3O7-δ or PrBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films and (YBa2Cu3O7-δ/PrBa2Cu3O7-δ) n heterostructures prepared by CVD JF - Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry N2 - Some YBa2Cu3O7-δ films and heterostructures prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) were analyzed in our laboratories by EPMA-EDX or WDX, RBS, SNMS and AES. It was found that in some cases the results of composition analysis can significantly deviate from each other. At least two main reasons for these deviations exist: the different lateral resolution and the application of different reference samples for the calibration. Y1 - 1997 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002160050305 VL - 357 IS - 8 SP - 1061 EP - 1065 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - Improvement of the active layers of a field effect sensor for fluorine N2 - The quantitative determination of fluorine in gases is of great importance as this gas is often used in various industrial processes, but is toxic even at low concentrations. Therefore, there is a great demand for sensors for this gases and alarm systems controlling the environment. Recently, the auhtors reported on first results with a new field effect sensor for the determination of F {sub 2}. A silicon substrate was used with a thin layer of LaF {sub 3} in direct contact to the semiconductor and platinum electrode on the top. In early results, a good sensitivity was achieved but an insufficient stability and limit of detection required further improvements. The corresponding findings and fundamental investigations on the sensor mechanism will be given in this paper. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - Thermal resistance of thermal barriers in polycrystalline diamond JF - Progress in Natural Science N2 - Micrometer resolved photoțhermal measurements on chemical vapour deposited (CVD) diamond are presented. It is shown that the thermal conductivity inside the grains is as high as that of natural IIa diamond. Using two different approaches we measure the thermal resistance of thermal barriers like grain boundaries or microcracks and obtain values of the order of 10" m'Kw. A simple model is presented, relating the overall thermal conductivity for one-dimensional heat flow to the thermal resistance at barriers and the average size of the grains. Good agreernent between predictions and literature data is found, ... Y1 - 1996 IS - 6 SP - 297 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - Development and test of a long wavelength infrared radiation thermometer for non-contact temperature measurements in gas turbines during operation JF - Technisches Messen N2 - The aim of this work was the development of a long wavelength infrared radiation thermometer for the non-contact measurement of surface temperatures in stationary gas turbines during operation within the EU-project, Sensors Towards Advanced Monitoring and Control of Gas Turbine Engines (acronym STARGATE)". In this work, the infrared-optical properties of the thermal barrier coatings and the combustion gases were determined at ZAE Bayern at high temperatures up to 1600 K and pressures up to 13 bar. Based on these experimental characterizations, a suitable spectral range could be identified which lies around 10 mu m for the long-wavelength infrared radiation thermometer. According to these findings, a laboratory setup with suitable optical components (filters, IR-fibers, etc.) was firstly realized and verified. Subsequently, a prototype for measurements in gas turbines during operation of the turbines has … Y1 - 2018 VL - 85 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 39 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen A1 - Harrer, S. A1 - Dotterweich, C. A1 - Zink, Markus H. A1 - Hemberger, Frank A1 - Ebert, Hans-Peter A1 - Schnitzler, Tim T1 - Phase change materials for use in thermally and electrically stressed insulation for high voltage applications T2 - 2016 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference N2 - The temperature of high voltage equipment is often the limiting factor when transmitting electrical energy because the electrical insulation can get severely aged when the temperature is exceeding a certain limit. Hence, cooling has to be improved or heat generation must be reduced to avoid damage of the insulation. In this paper a new method was examined by investigating electrically insulating phase change materials which are able to store latent heat during a phase change from the solid to liquid state in times of high energy demand. To verify the electrically insulating properties of paraffins, one class of phase change materials, a special test cell was designed allowing the determination of breakdown voltage of phase change materials. The measurements on one paraffin sample proved the promising electrical insulating properties and it was shown that the breakdown voltage in the liquid state is comparable … Y1 - 2016 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7541933/7548553/07548675.pdf SN - 978-1-4673-8706-4 SP - 605 EP - 608 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - I3. 4-Radiometric calibration of the NIRSpec instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope in the wavelength range from 0.7 μm to 5.0 μm T2 - SENSOR+TEST Conference 2009 - IRS² 2009 Proceedings Y1 - 2009 UR - http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1019.284&rep=rep1&type=pdf SP - 249 EP - 254 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - Strahlungsthermometrie BT - Temperaturen berührungslos messen JF - PTB-Mitteilungen 117 N2 - Der prinzipielle Aufbau eines Strahlungsthermometers ist in Bild 2 dargestellt. Eine Optik bildet das Messobjekt mittels der Wärmestrahlung auf die Gesichtsfeldblende vor dem Detektor ab. Die Aperturblende und die Gesichtsfeldblende definieren den Raumwinkel und die Fläche (Messfeld) der vom Detektor nachgewiesenen Strahlung. Bei den meisten Strahlungsthermometern wird ein Spektralfilter zur Eingrenzung des Wellenlängenbereiches der auf den Detektor treffenden Strahlung verwendet. Dieser Spektralfilter wird oft unmittelbar vor dem Detektor angeordnet oder ist als Fenster in das Detektorgehäuse integriert. Bei hochwertigen Strahlungsthermometern wird der Detektor und manchmal auch zusätzlich der Spektralfilter temperiert. Interne Referenzstrahlungsquellen oder nur die Messung und Verarbeitung der internen Temperatur des Detektors oder der optischen Komponenten sorgen im allgemeinen für eine stabile Anzeige von Messwerten der Strahlungstemperatur innerhalb eines weiten Eigentemperaturbereichs des Strahlungsthermometers. Die Leistungsfähigkeit eines Strahlungsthermometers wird wesentlich von der Güte seiner Optik und der Empfindlichkeit seines Strahlungsempfängers bestimmt. Hochwertige Strahlungsthermometer arbeiten mit einem festen Fokus, der dem empfohlenen Messabstand entspricht, oder mit variablem Fokus zur Anpassung an den Messabstand. Aus der abstandsabhängigen Einstellung des Fokus resultiert ein Messfeld, in dem die mittlere Strahlungstemperatur des Messobjektes ermittelt wird. Genaue Messungen der Strahlungstemperatur sollten mit abbildenden optischen Systemen erfolgen … Y1 - 2007 UR - http://www.relativity.li/uploads/pdf/weitere/PTB_2007_Heft_3.pdf#page=53 VL - 117 IS - 3 SP - 272 EP - 281 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen A1 - Taubert, Dieter Richard A1 - Monte, C. A1 - Gutschwager, B. A1 - Hollandt, Jörg T1 - Traceable calibration of radiation sources from the visible to the far infrared for space borne applications at PTB T2 - Proceedings of SPIE Volume 7474, Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIII N2 - The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) has developed dedicated instrumentations and methods for the traceable calibration of space borne instruments in terms of the three fundamental radiometric units, i.e. spectral radiance (radiation temperature), spectral radiant intensity and spectral photon flux. The traceable calibration under conditions similar to the space environment is achieved by use of two major radiometric calibration facilities of PTB, the Spectral Radiance Comparator Facility (SRCF) and the Reduced Background Calibration Facility (RBCF) which are part of the Primary Temperature Radiator Facility of PTB and cover the wavelength range from the UV to the FIR (THz range). The improved detector instrumentations of the SRCF and RBCF, detailed calibration schemes and results of calibrations for space missions are presented. Y1 - 2009 UR - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.830082 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen ED - Zvizdic, D. T1 - Long term stability of the spectral responsivity of filter radiometers at the PTB T2 - Proc. of TEMPMEKO N2 - The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) uses calibrated filter radiometers to measure the thermodynamic temperature of blackbodies applied for the realisation and dissemination of the spectral radiance and spectral irradiance. This paper presents the PTB experience with the stability of the spectral responsivities of two different sets of filter radiometers, a set of four broad-band filter radiometers with centroid wavelengths in the visible spectral range (437 nm, 510 nm, 558 nm and 728 nm), using a combination of coloured glass filters as wavelength selective elements and a set of five narrow-band interference filter radiometers with centroid wavelengths in the visible and in the near infrared wavelength range (676 nm, 802 nm, 903 nm and 1003 nm). The time period of their continuous investigation with respect to the relevant stability parameters, the integrated spectral responsivity and the centroid wavelength, is about seven years for the broad-band filter radiometers and up to ten years for the narrow-band interference filter radiometers. Both types of filter radiometers show sufficient stability for their application as high-accuracy temperature measurement instruments. Relative changes in the integrated spectral responsivity up to some parts in 103 and for the interference filter radiometers a linear increase of the centroid wavelength with time in the order of several ten picometers per year have been observed. A comparison between the two types of filter radiometers is given, with respect to the contribution of the stability of these parameters to the uncertainty budget of thermodynamic temperature determination. Reasons for the observed … Y1 - 2004 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juergen_Hartmann3/publication/259810265_Long_Term_Stability_of_the_Spectral_Responsivity_of_Filter_Radiometers_at_the_PTB/links/5f4cc8dba6fdcc14c5f4740e/Long-Term-Stability-of-the-Spectral-Responsivity-of-Filter-Radiometers-at-the-PTB.pdf SP - 977 EP - 982 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen A1 - McEvoy, H.C. A1 - Machin, Graham A1 - Friedrich, R. A1 - Hollandt, Jörg T1 - Comparison of the New NPL Primary Standard Ag Fixed‐Point Blackbody Source with the Primary Standard Fixed Point of PTB T2 - AIP Conference Proceedings (684) N2 - Above the freezing point of silver (961.78 °C), the International Temperature Scale of 1990 is defined in terms of Planck’s radiation law. The scale is maintained and disseminated using a validated and linear pyrometer in conjunction with a blackbody reference source at either the Ag, Au (1064.18 °C) or Cu (1084.62 °C) freezing point. In order to realize the scale with the highest precision high quality, well‐characterised, reproducible fixed‐point blackbody sources are required. Such sources have been maintained at NPL for a number of years, but it was felt that improvements to the design would be beneficial. A new Ag point blackbody source has therefore been constructed. The new design will improve the quality and reproducibility of the melting and freezing plateaux and reduce errors due to the ‘out‐of‐focus’ size‐of‐source effect which is difficult to measure and to eliminate. Full details of the design of the new … Y1 - 2003 UR - https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.1627244 SN - 0-7354-0153-5 SP - 909 EP - 914 PB - American Institute of Physics ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen A1 - Taubert, Dieter Richard T1 - Assessing blackbody emissivity by monte carlo simulation T2 - Proc. of the Int. Conference of Infrared Sensors and Systems Y1 - 2002 SP - 133 EP - 138 PB - AMA Service GmbH ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen A1 - Fischer, Joachim ED - Carleer, M. ED - Hilton, M. ED - Lamp, T. ED - Reuter, R. ED - Russwurm, G.M. ED - Schaefer, K. ED - Weber, K. ED - Weitkamp, K. ED - Wolf, J. ED - Woppowa, L. T1 - Radiator standards for accurate IR calibrations in remote sensing based on heatpipe blackbodies T2 - Proceedings Volume 3821, Environmental Sensing and Applications N2 - The demand of instrumentation in the field of remote sensing is increasing rapidly. For international compatibility, for reliable results and precise long-term investigation, necessary for example in the measurement of climatic trends, accurate traceability of the results to international standards or SI-units is mandatory. Additionally, interpretation of the results strongly requires a careful evaluation of the involved errors and the resulting uncertainties in order to allow for a rating of the obtained results. For that purpose quality assurance was introduced, not only for industrial fabrication, but also, and with increasing tendency, for industrial and scientific research. As an overview, the necessity and the possibilities of quality assurance in the area of remote sensing are discussed. Taking remote sensing of temperature as an example, the general approach is described. For that purpose, a description of heatpipe blackbodies … Y1 - 1999 UR - https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/3821/0000/Radiator-standards-for-accurate-IR-calibrations-in-remote-sensing-based/10.1117/12.364203.short IS - 3821 SP - 395 EP - 403 PB - International Society for Optics and Photonics - Proceedings of SPIE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen A1 - Fischer, Joachim ED - Dubbeldam, J.F. ED - de Groot, M.J. T1 - Calibration of tungsten strip lamps as transfer standards for temperature T2 - Proceedings of TEMPMEKO (99) N2 - An advanced method for the calibration of tungsten strip lamps is reviewed in detail. The method is based on measuring the ratio of the spectral radiances of two sources at different radiance temperatures TL by radiation thermometry. Instead of using the distribution temperature and the colour emissivity for the calculation of the radiance temperature, the derivative dTL/dλ in the vicinity of the effective wavelength of the detection system is applied. In a first step high-stability vacuum tungsten strip lamps are calibrated as first-order working standards with respect to fixed points of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). In a subsequent step, secondary working standards are calibrated relative to these first order working standards with light of different wavelengths determined by interference filters. A detailed description of the evaluation procedure for the determination of the radiance temperature of the lamps is given and several problems encountered in operating the lamps are discussed. The standard uncertainties of the radiance temperature are below 0.2 K for the first order working standards. Y1 - 1999 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juergen_Hartmann3/publication/237441225_CALIBRATION_OF_TUNGSTEN_STRIP_LAMPS_AS_TRANSFER_STANDARDS_FOR_TEMPERATURE/links/02e7e52f7dbbe2abcb000000/CALIBRATION-OF-TUNGSTEN-STRIP-LAMPS-AS-TRANSFER-STANDARDS-FOR-TEMPERATURE.pdf SP - 561 EP - 566 PB - IMEKO CY - Delft ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen A1 - Anhalt, Klaus A1 - Hollandt, Jörg A1 - Schreiber, Ekkehard A1 - Yamada, Y. T1 - Improved thermal stability of the linear pyrometer LP3 for high temperature measurements within the EU-project Himert JF - VDI Bericht 1784 Y1 - 2003 SP - 135 EP - 141 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - Realisation and dissemination of thermodynamic temperature above 1234.93 K JF - CCT Working Documents Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www.bipm.org/cc/CCT/Allowed/25/D12r_MeP-HT_v8.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - Intercomparison of radiation temperature scales between PTB and NMIJ from 1000/spl deg/C to 2500/spl deg/C T2 - Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference N2 - The intercomparison of radiation temperature scales between PTB and NMIJ was carried out in September 2001. PTB sent their radiation thermometer LP3 to Japan and NMIJ made the comparison between the LP3 and NMIJs Topcon radiation thermometers with a comparison blackbody from 1000/spl deg/C to 2500/spl deg/C. Both scales agreed within /spl plusmn/0.8/spl deg/C in the whole range. Y1 - 2002 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8505/26882/01195182.pdf SP - 58 EP - 62 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen A1 - Zipf, Matthias A1 - Manara, Jochen A1 - Stark, Thomas A1 - Arduini, Mariacarla A1 - Ebert, Hans-Peter T1 - Infrared-optical characterization of emitting and absorbing gases at high temperatures and high pressures JF - High Temperatures – High Pressures N2 - In the context of the optimization of stationary gas turbines, the surface temperatures of the turbine blades have to be measured by a non-contact technique using radiation thermometers during operation of the turbine. Nowadays turbine blades are protected by thermal barrier coatings. The infrared-optical properties of these coatings require the usage of the MIR or LWIR region for non-contact measurement of the surface temperatures. For performing such measurements and for properly analyzing the derived data, the transmission and absorption spectra of the combustion gas mixture within the turbine were determined at the local conditions during operation of the turbine. Therefore, subject of this work is the measurement of the transmission spectra of carbon dioxide and water vapor at high temperatures and high pressures to identify a wavelength range, which is almost free of absorption and emission effects. In … Y1 - 2018 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 21 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen A1 - Machin, Graham A1 - Yamada, Y. A1 - Lowe, D. A1 - Sasajima, N. A1 - Anhalt, Klaus A1 - Goebel, R. A1 - McEvoy, H.C. A1 - Bloembergen, P. ED - Zvizdic, D. T1 - A comparison of high temperature fixed-points of Pt-C and Re-C constructed by BIPM, NMIJ and NPL BT - Proc. 9th Int. Symp. on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science T2 - Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004 Y1 - 2005 SP - 1049 EP - 1056 PB - LPM/FSB CY - Zagrep ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - A study on the feasibility of measuring the emissivity with the laser-flash method JF - International Journal of Thermophysics N2 - The laser-flash method is a fast, widely used and well established technique to measure the thermal diffusivity. Since its introduction in the 1960s, it was proposed to expand this technique to the measurement of heat capacity and emissivity. Currently, the measurement of spectral emissivity at high temperatures is connected with relatively large uncertainties, although the spectral emissivity is an essential parameter for applications, e.g., in the lamp industry and fusion research. In this work, a theoretical study is presented on the possibility of emissivity measurements using the laser-flash method. Two mathematical approaches are discussed which solve the problem, that a measured temperature rise—necessary to calculate the emissivity—itself depends on the emissivity. It is shown that both methods have a negligible arithmetic error, making them applicable to be used in future work. Y1 - 2010 UR - https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-010-0767-z.pdf VL - 31 IS - 4-5 SP - 998 EP - 1010 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - Thermodynamic temperature measurements of the melting curves of RE-C, TIC-C And ZRC-C eutectic irradiance mode fixed-point cells T2 - Proceedings TEMPMEKO 2004 N2 - The thermodynamic temperatures of the phase transition of Re-C, TiC-C, and ZrC-C eutectic fixed-point cells have been measured for the first time using different filter radiometers in irradiance mode. The spectral responsivity of these filter radiometers was measured traceable to the primary detector standard of the PTB, a laser based cryogenic radiometer. The relative extended uncertainties of the spectral responsivities of the filter radiometers in the irradiance mode were in the range from 5· 10-4 up to 2.5· 10-3. The measurements have been performed at the high temperature calibration facilities of the VNIIOFI and the PTB with eutectic fixed-point cells manufactured by VNIIOFI. Y1 - 2004 UR - http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.454.3165&rep=rep1&type=pdf SP - 189 EP - 194 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - A comparison of the blackbody cavities for infrared ear thermometers of NMIJ, NPL, and PTB JF - AIST Bulletin of Metrology N2 - A comparison of the NMIJ, the NPL, and the PTB blackbody cavities for infrared ear thermometers has been performed for the first time. The NMIJ and the PTB have transported their standard blackbodies to the NPL and radiance temperatures of the blackbodies of the institutes have been directly compared simultaneously using high-resolution infrared ear thermometers as comparators. The results of the comparison show that radiance temperatures realized by the NMIJ, the NPL, and the PTB cavities agree within +/-0.01 deg C, well within their uncertainty levels of around 0.04 deg C in the temperature range from 35 deg C to 42 deg C. Y1 - 2007 VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 251 EP - 256 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen A1 - Friedrich, R. A1 - Schiller, S. A1 - Fischer, J. ED - Fellmuth, B. ED - Seidel, J. ED - Scholze, G. T1 - Non-isothermal temperature distribution and resulting emissivity corrections for the high temperature blackbody BB3200 T2 - Proc. 8th International Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science - Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001 Y1 - 2002 SP - 227 EP - 232 PB - VDI Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Jürgen T1 - A comparison of Co-C, Pd-C, Pt-C, Ru-C and Re-C eutectic fixed points independently manufactured by three different institutes T2 - Proc. Newrad (Davos, Switzerland) N2 - In order to assess the performance and capability as well as the reproducibility of cell production five different Metal-carbon (MC) eutectic cells from three institutes were measured by radiation thermometry at PTB. The reproducibility of the melting temperature approached the requirements set by CCT/CCPR but significant differences were seen between different manufactures. Y1 - 2005 UR - https://www.academia.edu/download/41206514/A_comparison_of_CoC_PdC_PtC_RuC_and_ReC_20160114-3055-1lybi4p.pdf20160115-19908-1rtghdd.pdf SP - 289 EP - 290 ER -