TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Naß, Felix A1 - Lemmich, Sebastian A1 - Wachter, Florian T1 - Untersuchungen zur Heizzeitreduzierung bei der Herstellung von dickwandigen Gummibauteilen JF - FHWS Science Journal N2 - Die Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit einer neuen Spritzgießtechnologie zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus Elastomeren. Mit dieser Technologie sind kürzere Zykluszeiten bei gleichbleibenden Bauteileigenschaften möglich. Die Höhe der Heizzeitreduzierung hängt von der Art der Bestimmung derselben ab und wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit auf unterschiedliche Weise quantitativ bestimmt. Je nach Verfahrensparameter und Bestimmungsmethode treten Heizzeitreduzierungen von maximal etwa 40 % auf. Weiterhin werden Untersuchungen an den hergestellten Bauteilen durchgeführt, welche die Interpretation des Ausmaßes und der Qualität der Vernetzungsdichte über dem Probenquerschnitt erlauben. Es können deutliche Heizzeiteinsparungen bei mindestens gleichbleibenden und teilweise homogeneren Vernetzungsdichten über dem Querschnitt eines dickwandigen Elastomerbauteils attestiert werden. KW - Schererwärmung KW - Reaktionskinetik Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-1061 VL - 2 (2014) IS - 1 SP - 84 EP - 97 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker T1 - Moderne Elastomere JF - Ingenieurspiegel Y1 - 2009 IS - 3 SP - 100 EP - 101 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Klug, A. A1 - Fuchs, H.B. T1 - Characterization of Carbon-Black Loaded Rubbers by the Use of the Dynamic Indentation Method JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2000 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002571657 VL - 53 SP - 644 EP - 650 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Schneider, K. T1 - Semi-quantitative mechanical characterisation of fibre composites in the sub-micron-range by SFM JF - Composites A Y1 - 2001 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV035250842 VL - 32 SP - 1679 EP - 1687 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Albohr, O. A1 - Fuchs, H.B. T1 - New Indentation Methods for the Characterisation of Elastomer Composites JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2000 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002571657 VL - 53 SP - 52 EP - 58 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Fuchs, H.B. T1 - Investigation of Inhomogeneous Elastomers JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2000 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002571657 VL - 53 SP - 518 EP - 527 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Fuchs, H.B. T1 - Homogeneity of Fillers Loaded Rubbers Investigated by the Dynamic Indentation Method JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2001 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002571657 VL - 54 SP - 592 EP - 598 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Fuchs, H.B. T1 - Dynamisch-mechanische Eindringversuche an inhomogenen Elastomersystemen JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2001 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002571657 VL - 54 SP - 397 EP - 402 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Fuchs, H.B. T1 - The scale behavior of fillers in elastomers by means of indentation tests JF - Colloid and Polymer Science Y1 - 2002 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV012519187 VL - 280 SP - 267 EP - 273 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Fuchs, H.B. T1 - Kraftmikroskopische Untersuchungen inhomogener Elastomersysteme JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2001 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002571657 VL - 54 SP - 453 EP - 457 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Fuchs, H.B. T1 - Erratum: Homogeneity of Fillers Loaded Rubbers Investigated by the Dynamic Indentation Method JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2002 VL - 55 SP - 47 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Möginger, Bernhard A1 - Unseld, Claus ED - Zacharias, Christoph T1 - Quasi Static Indentation Measurements: A Tool for Micromechanical Investigations of Interfaces in Polymer Materials T2 - Forschungsspitzen und Spitzenforschung N2 - The ongoing miniaturization, multi-layer structure parts and hybrid parts require methods to determine mechanical properties on a micro-scale. However, there is a gap in measuring techniques. On one hand there are the classical methods to measure hardness e.g. VICKERS, ROCKWELL, UNIVERSAL, IRHD etc having resolutions typically above 100μm. On the other hand there are well-developed AFM methods that allow for the determination of mechanical properties in the nanometer range. This paper describes an indentation technique that yields data of mechanical properties in the micrometer range between typically 5 to 50 μm. The measuring device and the data evaluation is presented. Results of micro-mechanical mapping are shown for NR-SBR rubber interfaces, a fuel tank and a part manufactured by two component injection moulding. Finally, the measured micro-mechanical stiffness is compared to the YOUNG’s modulus of the corresponding materials. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV035327025 SN - 978-3-7908-2126-0 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2127-7_28 SP - 315 EP - 327 PB - Physica CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Möginger, Bernhard A1 - Unseld, Claus T1 - Quasi-static Indentation Measurements: A Tool for Micro-mechanical Investigations of Interfaces in Polymer Materials JF - International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization N2 - The ongoing use of miniaturization, multi layer structure parts, and hybrid parts requires methods to determine mechanical properties on a micro scale. However, there is a gap in measuring techniques. On one hand there are the classical methods to measure hardness, e.g., Vickers, Rockwell, Universal, and IRHD, having resolutions typically above 100 µm. On the other hand, there are well-developed AFM methods that allow for the determination of mechanical properties in the nanometer range. This article describes an indentation technique that yields data of mechanical properties in the micrometer range between typically 5 and 50 µm. The measuring device and the data evaluation are presented. Results of micro-mechanical mapping are shown for NR-SBR rubber interfaces, a fuel tank, and a part manufactured by two-component injection molding. Finally, the measured micro-mechanical stiffness is compared to the Young's modulus of the corresponding materials. Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10236660600980250 VL - 11 IS - 6 SP - 405 EP - 418 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Moldovan, Dumitrita A1 - Fechete, Radu A1 - Demco, Dan Eugen A1 - Culea, Eugen A1 - Blümich, Bernhard A1 - Heinz, Manfred T1 - Heterogeneity of Nanofilled EPDM Elastomers Investigated by Inverse Laplace Transform 1H NMR Relaxometry and Rheometry JF - Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics N2 - The heterogeneous effects due to filler interactions and chain dynamics of reinforcing nano-filler particles were characterized on a series of filled EPDM elastomers using the Payne effect and low field NMR, 1H transverse (T2), longitudinal (T1) and longitudinal in rotating frame (T1ρ) relaxation time measurements. Measurement of the Payne effect and NMR relaxation curves were used to obtain the distribution of filler/filler interactions and chain dynamics by one-dimensional Laplace inversion. Distributions of shear-strain constants in the Payne effect reveal the existence of weak, medium and strong filler/filler interactions which were correlated to filler properties and content. The analysis of relaxation-time distributions leads to the identification of multimodal polymer network dynamics. Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201000086 VL - 211 IS - 14 SP - 1579 EP - 1594 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Moldovan, Dumitrita A1 - Fechete, Radu A1 - Demco, Dan Eugen A1 - Culea, Eugen A1 - Blümich, Bernhard A1 - Heinz, Manfred T1 - The heterogeneity of segmental dynamics of filled EPDM by 1H transverse relaxation NMR JF - J. Magn. Res. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2010.10.019 VL - 208 IS - 1 SP - 156 EP - 162 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Niedermeier, W. T1 - Interpretation of Filler Networking of Loaded Rubbers via Mastercurves JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2010 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002571657 VL - 63 SP - 559 EP - 564 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Prado, P.J. A1 - Gasper, L. A1 - Fink, G. A1 - Blümich, Bernhard A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Fuchs, H.B. A1 - Möhler, H. A1 - Rühl, M. T1 - The interface between covulcanized rubber sheets by NMR imaging, scanning FTIR spectroscopy, and mechanical indentation mapping BT - Macromol JF - Materials and Engineering Y1 - 2000 VL - 274 SP - 13 EP - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Blümich, Bernhard A1 - Anferova, S. A1 - Kremer, K. A1 - Sharma, S. A1 - Segre, A. T1 - Unilateral Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Quality Control: The NMR-MOUSE® JF - Spectroscopy Y1 - 2003 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV041298523 VL - 18 IS - 73 SP - 18 EP - 32 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Fülber, C. A1 - Blümich, Bernhard A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Jakob, K.H. T1 - In situ investigation of SBR vulcanization BT - A combined study of 1H-NMR and vulcametry JF - Colloid and Polymer Science Y1 - 1996 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV012519187 IS - 274 SP - 191 EP - 196 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Fuchs, H.B. A1 - Blümich, Bernhard T1 - Molecular Dynamics of Elastomers investigated by DMTA and the NMR-MOUSE® JF - Colloid and Polymer Science Y1 - 2002 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV012519187 VL - 280 SP - 758 EP - 764 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Fülber, C. A1 - Blümich, Bernhard A1 - Unseld, K. T1 - NMR Imaging of Thermal-Oxidative Aging in SBR JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 1995 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002571657 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 254 EP - 259 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Unseld, K. A1 - Böhner, Th. A1 - Blümich, Bernhard T1 - Application of NMR in the Tire Industry JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2004 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002571657 VL - 57 SP - 22 EP - 27 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Naß, Felix A1 - Lemmich, Sebastian A1 - Wachter, Florian T1 - Einfluss des EFE-Spritzsystems auf Heizzeitreduzierung und Eigenschaften der gespritzten Bauteile - Teil 1: „Betrachtung der Heizzeitreduzierung über reaktionskinetische Berechnung und begleitende Untersuchungen zu Bauteil- und Vernetzungsdichte mittels NMR-Bildgebung“ JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2013 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002585962 VL - 66 SP - 37 EP - 42 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Naß, Felix A1 - Lemmich, Sebastian A1 - Wachter, Florian T1 - Einfluss des EFE-Spritzsystems auf Heizzeitreduzierung und Eigenschaften der gespritzten Bauteile - Teil 3: „Abschätzung der Scherenergie und Einfluss der Drossel auf ausgewählte Eigenschaften der gespritzten Bauteile“ BT - Teil 3: „Abschätzung der Scherenergie und Einfluss der Drossel auf ausgewählte Eigenschaften der gespritzten Bauteile“ JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2013 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002585962 VL - 66 SP - 180 EP - 184 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Naß, Felix A1 - Lemmich, Sebastian A1 - Wachter, Florian T1 - Einfluss des EFE-Spritzsystems auf Heizzeitreduzierung und Eigenschaften der gespritzten Bauteile - Teil 2: „Einfluss der Verfahrensparameter des Spritzgießprozesses auf die Heizzeitreduzierung“ JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2013 UR - http://permalink.bibkatalog.de/BV002585962 VL - 66 SP - 108 EP - 112 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Heinrich, A. T1 - Influence of the modification of ground truck tyres as an additive on the properties of a truck tread compound JF - International Polymer Science and Technology N2 - Commercially available ground tyre rubber (GTR) made exclusively from post-consumer truck tyres was mixed into a typical truck tyre tread compound. As already shown in a previous study, this leads to a distinct deterioration in properties. The goal of the present investigation was to minimise these property losses through modification of the GTR in terms of processing methods. Modification methods already documented in the literature were used, e.g. application of sulphur and crosslinking agents to the GTR and the use of trans-polyoctenamer as well as liquid polymers, which in principle provide the potential for crosslinking of the GTR and polymer matrix through the availability of double bonds. For some methods of modification, small improvements are observed in comparison with the unmodified GTR. However, none of the GTR modifications reaches the level of the reference compound without GTR. An economic estimate for the modification with the highest potential for technical success shows that, in practice, considerable costs must be expected. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0307174X1704400501 VL - 44 IS - 5 SP - T/1 EP - T/9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Schulz, A. T1 - Der Einfluss von Lkw-Reifenmehl als Additiv auf die Eigenschaften einer Lkw-Laufflächenmischung JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK N2 - Commercially available ground tire rubber (GRT) was mixed into a typical truck tire tread compound. The GRT originated from postconsumer truck tires and differed in the manufacturing process (cryogenic and warm grinding, resp.) as well as the ageing state. Regardless of the grinding process type, the vulcanizates containing GRT became softer, mechanical properties and the abrasion resistance worse and the Payne effect decreased. Additional artificial ageing of the GRT showed no further effects regarding property changes when adding GRT. Based on the vulcameter curves it could be seen, that the curing behaviour of the compounds changed and the crosslink density of the matrix obviously decreased by adding GRT. Additional ¡jXRF images and measurements for dynamic local indentation indicated increased sulphur content inside the GRT particles. Y1 - 2016 VL - 69 SP - 698 EP - 705 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Heinrich, A. T1 - Einfluss der Modifikation von LKW-Reifenmehl als Additiv auf die Eigenschaften einer LKW-Laufflächenmischung JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2017 VL - 70 SP - 88 EP - 95 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Speyer, Y. A1 - Leiber, J. T1 - Herstellung und Verarbeitung von sortenreinem Gummimehl im Labormaßstab JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2017 VL - 70 SP - 240 EP - 247 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Blank, A. T1 - Dehnungsverhalten von Elastomeren mit Gummimehl JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2017 VL - 70 SP - 726 EP - 736 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Hanning, S. A1 - Kreyenschmidt, M. A1 - Wolff, A. A1 - Ludwig, D. A1 - Ludwig, J. T1 - Untersuchungen zur Diffusion des Schwefels in Rezyklat-Kautschukmischungen - Teil 2: Schwefeldiffusion in Mischungen mit Gummimehl JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2018 VL - 71 SP - 340 EP - 349 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Hanning, S. A1 - Kreyenschmidt, M. T1 - Untersuchungen zur Diffusion des Schwefels in Rezyklat-Kautschukmischungen - Teil 1: Bestimmung des Diffusionskoeffizienten JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2018 VL - 71 SP - 232 EP - 241 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beck, M. A1 - Maag, M. A1 - Herrmann, Volker T1 - Konstruktion einer Entropie-Wippe zur Darstellung der Entropieelastizität JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2019 VL - 72 SP - 382 EP - 385 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Schulz, A. T1 - Influence of ground truck tires as an additive on the properties of a truck tread compound JF - Rubber Fibres Plastics RFP Y1 - 2018 VL - 13 SP - 24 EP - 30 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Wekerle, A. T1 - Modification of Ground Rubber with Conventional Fillers by Process Engineering JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2019 VL - 72 SP - 52 EP - 58 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Suhl, L. A1 - Frosch, S. A1 - Endres, H. T1 - Entwicklung eines Dynamisch-Mechanischen Indentationsmessgeräts zur Charakterisierung von Elastomeroberflächen auf der Mikrometerskala (µ-DMI) JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2022 VL - 75 SP - 30 EP - 37 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Frosch, S. A1 - Maslowski, T. A1 - Werner, D. T1 - Einsatz von definiertem Gummimehl aus NR und SBR in unterschiedlichen Matrixwerkstoffen JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK Y1 - 2021 VL - 74 SP - 200 EP - 207 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neckermann, T. A1 - Herrmann, Volker T1 - Simulation der Diffusion von Schwefel in Kautschukmischungen mit Gummimehl JF - Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe Y1 - 2020 VL - 73 SP - 242 EP - 246 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Volker T1 - Nachhaltigkeit in der Gummi- und Reifenindustrie JF - Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe Y1 - 2023 VL - 76 SP - 8 EP - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frosch, Stefan A1 - Herrmann, Volker A1 - Grunert, F. A1 - Blume, A. T1 - Quantification of sulfur distribution on rubber surfaces by means of μ-X-ray fluorescence analysis JF - Polymer Testing N2 - A homogeneous distribution of sulfur in a rubber compound is often desired. Spatially resolved imaging techniques are useful for evaluating the distribution of this crosslinking chemical. Typical measurement methods such as SEM (scanning electron microscopy) or TEM (transmission electron microscopy) have very high resolutions. However, the sample size or the maximum area to be investigated is limited, which makes it difficult to obtain a statistically reliable determination of sulfur homogeneity across the component or sample. In this work, an alternative measurement technique is therefore presented: the μ-XRF (μ-X-ray fluorescence analysis). With the help of this method, it is possible to scan surfaces of several cm2 and to show the distribution of different chemical elements. Its measuring principle has been known for decades but has hardly been used in the rubber industry so far. The main reason for this is that its quantification process for polymeric samples is more complex than for geologic or metallic samples, which are typically been investigated with μ-XRF to date. In this paper, this issue is addressed and a solution is presented: With the help of the fundamental parameter method, the determination of sulfur homogeneity and distribution on rubber surfaces becomes possible. This opens up a variety of further possibilities for the use of μ-XRF in the rubber industry: For example, it could be used in areas of tire production, recycling of end-of-life rubber, and beyond. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108237 VL - 128 IS - 108237 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herrmann, Volker T1 - Überlegungen und Ergebnisse zur intrinsischen Deformation von Elastomeren mit Gummimehl T2 - 113. Tagung der Regionalgruppe Süd der Deutschen Kautschuk Gesellschaft DKG, Würzburg Y1 - 2023 ER -