TY - JOUR A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Stoidner, Christoph A1 - Schwarzkopf, Roland A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Dörnemann, Tim A1 - Dohmann, Helmut A1 - Freisleben, Bernd T1 - Time-constrained services: a framework for using real-time web services in industrial automation JF - Service Oriented Computing and Applications N2 - The use of web services in industrial automation, e.g. in fully automated production processes like car manufacturing, promises simplified interaction among the manufacturing devices due to standardized protocols and increased flexibility with respect to process implementation and reengineering. Moreover, the adoption of web services as a seamless communication backbone within the overall industrial enterprise has additional benefits, such as simplified interaction with suppliers and customers (i.e. horizontal integration) and avoidance of a break in the communication paradigm within the enterprise (i.e. vertical integration). The Time-Constrained Services (TiCS) framework is a development and execution environment that empowers automation engineers to develop, deploy, publish, compose, and invoke time-constrained web services. TiCS consists of four functional layers—tool support layer, real-time infrastructural layer, real-time service layer, and hardware layer—which contain several components to meet the demands of a web service based automation infrastructure. This article gives an overview of the TiCS framework. More precisely, the general design considerations and an architectural blueprint of the TiCS framework are presented. Subsequently, selected key components of the TiCS framework are discussed in detail: the SOAP4PLC engine for equipping programmable logic controllers with a web service interface, the SOAP4IPC engine for processing web services in real-time on industrial PCs, the WS-TemporalPolicy language for describing time constraints, and the TiCS Modeler for composing time-constrained web services into a time-constrained BPEL4WS workflow. Y1 - 2009 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11761-009-0050-y VL - 3 SP - 239 EP - 262 PB - Springer London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Schwarzkopf, Roland A1 - Dörnemann, Tim A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Freisleben, Bernd T1 - Composition of Time-Constrained BPEL4WS Workflows Using the TiCS Modeler T2 - 13th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing N2 - The adoption of service-oriented architectures based on web services in industrial automation promises increased interoperability and exibility. Since the development and deployment of web services requires in-depth programming knowledge, adequate tools to ease the work of automation engineers are required. In particular, the orchestration of existing web services to workflows is a challenging task that is complicated by the fact that manufacturing processes have time constraints, especially real-time constraints. This paper presents the Time-Constrained Services (TiCS) Modeler that supports the assisted orchestration of BPEL4WS workflows with time constraints. Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3182/20090603-3-RU-2001.0104 VL - 42 IS - 4 SP - 888 EP - 893 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Stadelmann, Thilo A1 - Seiler, Dominik A1 - Diegelmann, Marcel A1 - Dohmann, Helmut A1 - Freisleben, Bernd T1 - The Web Service Browser: Automatic Client Generation and Efficient Data Transfer for Web Services T2 - Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Web Services N2 - Web services are supported by almost all major software vendors, but nevertheless there is still a certain barrier that prevents a broader user community to actually use them. The barrier is the lack of appropriate clients offered in conjunction with the services. This paper presents a Web Service Browser that automatically generates a dynamic user interface when the user browses to the location of the service description and additionally handles the invocation of the service. To ease the use of the service, the browser takes care of data management by using an implementation of the Flex-SwA architecture. Results are presented to the user in a human-readable manner. When the result contains multimedia data, an audio or video player is used to present the result. Use cases demonstrate the benefits of the browser. With the Web Service Browser, web services simply become a usable component offered in the WWW. Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2009.22 SP - 743 EP - 750 PB - IEEE Computer Society Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Stoidner, Christoph A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Freisleben, Bernd T1 - SOAP4PLC: Web Services for Programmable Logic Controllers T2 - 17th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing N2 - The use of service-oriented architectures based on web services in the manufacturing layer of industrial enterprises yields vertical integration and promises increased interoperability and flexibility. Unfortunately, two main obstacles complicate the use of web services in the manufacturing layer. First, the hardware/software used in this layer differs from the hardware/software used in other layers. Second, the manufacturing layer is maintained by automation engineers who typically are not familiar with web services. This paper presents the first SOAP engine for programmable logic controllers to advance the use of web services in the manufacturing layer. The engine offers a low memory footprint to respect the low computational power of programmable logic controllers and allows to export web services automatically without intervention of an automation engineer. Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/PDP.2009.42 SP - 210 EP - 219 PB - IEEE Computer Society Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Schwarzkopf, Roland A1 - Freisleben, Bernd ED - Müller, P. ED - Neumair, B. ED - Rodosek, G. D. T1 - F&L-Grid: Eine generische Backup und Recovery Infrastruktur für das D-Grid JF - 2. DFN-Forum Kommunikationstechnologien N2 - Grid Computing wird oftmals zur Durchführung zeitintensiver Experimente, die eine enorme Menge an Daten produzieren, verwendet. Da existierende Backup und Recovery Lösungen basierend auf GridFTP oder RFT detaillierte technische Kenntnisse bezüglich Konfiguration und Nutzung erfordern, sind diese nicht unbedingt für alle Anwender geeignet. Viele Wissenschaftler bevorzugen eine möglichst einfache und bedienungsfreundliche Lösung, um ihre experimentellen Ergebnisse zu sichern. Das F&L-Grid Projekt, welches die Entwicklung eines Grids für Forschung und Lehre beabsichtigt, ist ein Teil des D-Grid. Hauptziel von F&L-Grid ist der Entwurf und die Entwicklung einer generischen Backup und Recovery Infrastruktur für beliebige Grid-Umgebungen. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert den aktuellen Projektstatus von F&LGrid und skizziert den Entwurf und die Implementierung der generischen Backup und Recovery Infrastruktur. Y1 - 2009 SP - 55 EP - 67 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Freisleben, Bernd T1 - Towards a Generic Backup and Recovery Infrastructure for the German D-Grid Initiative T2 - Tagungsband der ITG/GI-Fachtagung Kommunikation in Verteilten Systemen (KiVS) N2 - Grid computing is often used for conducting time-consuming experiments that produce large amounts of data. Since existing backup and recovery solutions based on GridFTP or RFT require in-depth knowledge, they are not suited for scientists who are not Grid computing experts. Most scientists prefer an easy to use solution to back up and recover their experimental results. The F&L-Grid project (a Grid providing services for research and education) is part of the German Grid Initiative (D-Grid) and is aimed at the design and development of the first generic backup and recovery infrastructure suitable for arbitrary Grid environments. This paper presents the current status of the ongoing F&L-Grid project and outlines the generic backup and recovery infrastructure in detail. Y1 - 2009 UR - https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-540-92666-5.pdf?pdf=button SP - 229 EP - 240 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Freisleben, Bernd T1 - The Grid Browser: Improving Usability in Service-Oriented Grids by Automatically Generating Clients and Handling Data Transfers T2 - Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on e-Sciencee N2 - This paper presents a grid browser as a familiar environment for accessing a service-oriented grid. To relieve the service developer from developing a graphical user interface and a grid service client, and to relieve the service provider from installing and maintaining a grid portal, the proposed grid browser can be used instead of a grid portal. A grid browser is a Web browser that renders WSDL files similar to HTML files. Surfing to the location of the WSDL description of a grid service results in the automatic generation of a graphical frontend in the grid browser which a user can easily fill out to invoke a service or submit a job. Furthermore, data transfers are integrated into the grid browser by integrating an implementation of the Flex-SwA architecture, such that data transmission and service invocation can be done efficiently in a single step. An implementation of the proposed grid browser to improve the usability of a service-oriented grid is presented. A use case points out the advantages of the grid browser. Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/eScience.2008.19 SP - 269 EP - 276 PB - IEEE Computer Society Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Freisleben, Bernd T1 - Towards a time-constrained web service infrastructure for industrial automation T2 - Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) N2 - This paper suggests to seamlessly adopt a service-oriented architecture based on Web services throughout an industrial enterprise as a standardized, homogeneous communication backbone, from the business layer down to the manufacturing layer. Since manufacturing processes typically have time constraints, especially real-time constraints, particular attention has to be paid to the description of such time constraints within a Web service and the timely execution of time-constrained Web services within the proposed infrastructure. Furthermore, an outline of the time-constrained services (TiCS) framework - a framework which empowers automation engineers to develop, deploy, publish, compose and invoke time-constrained services - and a prototypical implementation of two main components of the TiCS framework, namely the TiCS Wizards and the TiCS Real-time Repository, are presented. Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2008.4638496 SP - 846 EP - 853 PB - IEEE Computer Society Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Schwarzkopf, Roland A1 - Dörnemann, Tim A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Freisleben, Bernd T1 - Orchestration of Time-Constrained BPEL4WS workflows T2 - Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) N2 - The adoption of service-oriented architectures based on Web services in industrial automation promises increased interoperability and flexibility. The orchestration of existing Web services to workflows is a challenging task which is complicated by the fact that manufacturing processes have time constraints, especially real-time constraints. This paper presents the time-constrained services (TiCS) Modeler which supports the assisted orchestration of BPEL4WS workflows with time constraints. The presented prototypical implementation is based on a formal derivation of the time constraints of a workflow. Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2008.4638349 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - IEEE Computer Society Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Freisleben, Bernd T1 - WS-TemporalPolicy: A WS-Policy Extension for Describing Service Properties with Time Constraints T2 - 32nd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference N2 - A Web service has several functional properties (e.g. its operations) and non-functional properties (e.g. quality of service and security parameters). Functional properties are usually static, whereas non-functional properties are often dynamic and thus vary over time. To describe properties with time constraints, the paper introduces WS-TemporalPolicy. WS-TemporalPolicy empowers a service developer to attach a validity period to the properties described in a WS-policy. The generation, validation, storage and retrieval, and deployment process of temporal policies is supported by the Temporal Policy Runtime Environment. Implementation issues and two use cases are presented to illustrate the use of temporal policies. Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2008.105 SP - 1180 EP - 1186 PB - IEEE Computer Society Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heinzl, Steffen A1 - Mathes, Markus A1 - Freisleben, Bernd T1 - A Web Service Communication Policy for Describing Non-standard Application Requirements T2 - Proceedings of the 8th IEEE/IPSJ Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT) N2 - Web services are not really suitable for implementing applications with non-standard communication requirements, such as e.g. applications with data streaming and/or realtime requirements, applications depending on the transfer of large files, and legacy applications with complex message exchange patterns. This paper presents a communication policy for Web services based on WS-Policy, which enables the description of real-time and data streaming requirements, of file transfers, and of protocols and clients used by legacy applications. It is used in addition to the WSDL description of a service, and thus complements the service description by exposing the protocols used by the applications for the various requirements. By investigating a video-on-demand application, several limits of Web service technologies and the benefits of using the communication policy to describe such requirements are illustrated. Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/SAINT.2008.14 SP - 40 EP - 47 PB - IEEE Computer Society Press ER -