TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Wiese, Frauke A1 - Weinand, Jann Michael A1 - Dominković, Dominik Franjo A1 - McKenna, Russell T1 - An expert survey to assess the current status and future challenges of energy system analysis JF - Smart Energy N2 - Decision support systems like computer-aided energy system analysis (ESA) are considered one of the main pillars for developing sustainable and reliable energy strategies. Although today's diverse tools can already support decision-makers in a variety of research questions, further developments are still necessary. Intending to identify opportunities and challenges in the field, we classify modelling topics into modelling capabilities (32), methodologies (15), implementation issues (15) and management issues (7) from an extensive literature review. Based on a quantitative expert survey of energy system modellers (N = 61) mainly working with simulation and optimisation models, the Status of Development and the Complexity of Realisation of those modelling topics are assessed. While the rated items are considered to be more complex than actually represented, no significant outliers are determinable, showing that there is no consensus about particular aspects of ESA that are lacking development. Nevertheless, a classification of the items in terms of a specially defined modelling strategy matrix identifies capabilities like land-use planning patterns, equity and distributional effects and endogenous technological learning as “low hanging fruits” for enhancement, as well as a large number of complex topics that are already well implemented. The remaining “tough nuts” regarding modelling capabilities include non-energy sector and social behaviour interaction effects. In general, the optimisation and simulation models differ in their respective strengths, justifying the existence of both. While methods were generally rated as quite well developed, combinatorial optimisation approaches, as well as machine learning, are identified as important research methods to be developed further for ESA. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2021.100057 SN - 26669552 VL - 4 SP - 100057 EP - 100057 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schulte, Emily A1 - Scheller, Fabian ED - Johanning, Simon ED - Scheller, Fabian ED - Kühne, Stefan ED - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Empirische Verankerung der Haushaltsagenten und ihres Photovoltaik-Investitionsverhaltens T2 - Agentenbasierte Modellierung urbaner Transformationsprozesse T3 - Studien zu Infrastruktur und Ressourcenmanagement - Band 12 Y1 - 2022 SN - 9783832554132 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30819/5413.10 SP - 129 EP - 138 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulte, Emily A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Sloot, Daniel A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - A meta-analysis of residential PV adoption: the important role of perceived benefits, intentions and antecedents in solar energy acceptance JF - Energy Research & Social Science N2 - The adoption of residential photovoltaic systems (PV) is seen as an important part of the sustainable energy transition. To facilitate this process, it is crucial to identify the determinants of solar adoption. This paper follows a meta-analytical structural equation modeling approach, presenting a meta-analysis of studies on residential PV adoption intention, and assessing four behavioral models based on the theory of planned behavior to advance theory development. Of 653 initially identified studies, 110 remained for full-text screening. Only eight studies were sufficiently homogeneous, provided bivariate correlations, and could thus be integrated into the meta-analysis. The pooled correlations across primary studies revealed medium to large correlations between environmental concern, novelty seeking, perceived benefits, subjective norm and intention to adopt a residential PV system, whereas socio-demographic variables were uncorrelated with intention. Meta-analytical structural equation modeling revealed a model (N = 1,714) in which adoption intention was predicted by benefits and perceived behavioral control (R2 = .280), and benefits in turn could be explained by environmental concern, novelty seeking, and subjective norm (R2 = .641). Our results imply that measures should primarily focus on enhancing the perception of benefits. Based on obstacles we encountered within the analysis, we suggest guidelines to facilitate the future aggregation of scientific evidence, such as the systematic inclusion of key variables and reporting of bivariate correlations. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102339 SN - 2214-6326 VL - 84 SP - 102339 EP - 102339 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schulte, Emily A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Johanning, Simon ED - Johanning, Simon ED - Scheller, Fabian ED - Kühne, Stefan ED - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Modellierung von haushaltsseitigen Entscheidungsprozessen zur Adoption von Aufdach-Photovoltaik: Theorie und Umsetzung T2 - Agentenbasierte Modellierung urbaner Transformationsprozesse T3 - Studien zu Infrastruktur und Ressourcenmanagement - Band 12 Y1 - 2022 SN - 9783832554132 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30819/5413.03 SP - 39 EP - 50 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulte, Emily A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Enhancing Understanding of Geographical Adoption Patterns of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaic Using a Consumer Segmentation Model—A Case Study in Saxony, Germany JF - Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft N2 - This paper addresses two issues in spatial research on residential PV adoption: First, spatial analyses typically do not differentiate between households who have decision power over their rooftop, and households who do not, possibly causing indistinct results. Second, household characteristics like environmental attitudes and innovativeness are not accounted for sufficiently, despite their proven relevance for adoption decisions. We performed a statistical analysis with an innovative spatial data set of Saxony (Germany) in which households of (semi-) detached houses were analyzed separated from the remainder, and household characteristics were included through the Sinus-milieu model. PV saturation in subgroups of the sample was compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results show that PV saturation is high in affluent zip-codes with high shares of (semi-) detached houses, and is higher in rural than in urban areas. The presence of environmentally concerned households (Post-Materialists) is positively, and the presence of innovative households (Leaders) is negatively associated with PV saturation. Our results show that household characteristics beyond socio-economic measures are relevant to understand differences in PV saturation in the Saxonian zip-codes. The merits of distinguishing between decisive households and the remainder are less clear. N2 - Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit zwei Problemen in der wissenschaftlichen Analyse der räumlichen Verteilung von privaten Aufdach-Photovoltaikanlagen: Erstens wird bei räumlichen Analysen in der Regel nicht zwischen Haushalten, die Entscheidungsgewalt über ihr Dach haben, und Haushalten, die dies nicht haben, unterschieden, was zu unklaren Ergebnissen führen kann. Zweitens werden Haushaltsmerkmale wie Umwelteinstellungen und Innovativität nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt, obwohl sie nachweislich für die Entscheidung über Photovoltaikanlagen relevant sind. Dazu haben wir eine statistische Analyse mit einem innovativen räumlichen Datensatz aus Sachsen (Deutschland) durchgeführt, in der die Haushalte in Ein- und Zweifamilienhäusern getrennt von den übrigen Haushalten analysiert wurden und Haushaltsmerkmale durch das Sinus-Milieu Modell einbezogen wurden. Die PV-Sättigung in Untergruppen der Stichprobe wurde mit dem Mann-Whitney-U-Test verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die PV-Sättigung in wohlhabenden Postleitzahlen mit einem hohen Anteil an Ein- und Zweifamilienhäusern hoch ist, und in ländlichen Gebieten höher ist als in städtischen Gebieten. Der Anteil umweltbewusster Haushalte (Post-Materialisten) ist positiv und der Anteil innovativer Haushalte (Leaders) negativ mit der PV-Sättigung verbunden. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Haushaltsmerkmale, die über sozioökonomische Merkmale hinausgehen, für das Verständnis der räumlichen Verteilung von Aufdach-Photovoltaikanlagen in den sächsischen Postleitzahlen relevant sind. Die Vorteile einer Differenzierung zwischen entscheidenden und den übrigen Haushalten sind weniger klar. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12398-022-00329-0 SN - 0343-5377 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 207 EP - 222 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulte, Emily A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Pasut, Wilmer A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Product traits, decision-makers, and household low-carbon technology adoptions: moving beyond single empirical studies JF - Energy Research & Social Science N2 - Although single empirical studies provide important insights into who adopts a specific LCT for what reason, fundamental questions concerning the relations between decision subject (= who decides), decision object (= what is decided upon) and context (= when and where it is decided) remain unanswered. In this paper, this research gap is addressed by deriving a decision framework for residential decision-making, suggesting that traits of decision subject and object are determinants of financial, environmental, symbolic, normative, effort and technical considerations preceding adoption. Thereafter, the decision framework is initially verified by employing literature on the adoption of photovoltaic systems, energy efficient appliances and green tariffs. Of the six proposed relations, two could be confirmed (financial and environmental), one could be rejected (effort), and three could neither be confirmed nor rejected due to lacking evidence. Future research on LCT adoption could use the decision framework as guidepost to establish a more coordinated and integrated approach, ultimately allowing to address fundamental questions. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102313 SN - 2214-6326 VL - 83 SP - 102313 EP - 102313 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Springsklee, Maren A1 - Scheller, Fabian T1 - Exploring non-residential technology adoption: an empirical analysis of factors associated with the adoption of photovoltaic systems by municipal authorities in Germany N2 - This research article explores potential influencing factors of solar photovoltaic (PV) system adoption by municipal authorities in Germany in the year 2019. We derive seven hypothesized relationships from the empirical literature on residential PV adoption, organizational technology adoption, and sustainability policy adoption by local governments, and apply a twofold empirical approach to examine them. First, we explore the associations of a set of explanatory variables on the installed capacity of adopter municipalities (N=223) in an OLS model. Second, we use a logit model to analyze whether the identified relationships are also apparent between adopter and non-adopter municipalities (N=423). Our findings suggest that fiscal capacity (measured by per capita debt and per capita tax revenue) and peer effects (measured by the pre-existing installed capacity) are positively associated with both the installed capacity and adoption. Furthermore, we find that institutional capacity (measured by the presence of a municipal utility) and environmental concern (measured by the share of green party votes) are positively associated with municipal PV adoption. Economic factors (measured by solar irradiation) show a significant positive but small effect in both regression models. No evidence was found to support the influence of political will. Results for the role of municipal characteristics are mixed, although the population size was consistently positively associated with municipal PV adoption and installed capacity. Our results support previous studies on PV system adoption determinants and offer a starting point for additional research on non-residential decision-making and PV adoption. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2212.05281 N1 - Publikation auf dem Dokumentenserver ArXiv ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Urban, Kristof L. A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Suitability assessment of models in the industrial energy system design JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews N2 - This article reviews models in the scientific literature for industrial final-energy generation system design to evaluate their applicability in practice. Since energy efficiency has top priority worldwide and industry accounts for half of the world's energy consumption, it would be important to use state-of-the-art methodologies in real life applications. The contribution of the presented article to this matter is threefold. First, to facilitate the understanding of existing models', we developed a model evaluation method based on the attributes of industrial energy systems. We applied it to the reviewed scientific energy system models, providing the reader an overview of considered modelling approaches, design process steps, energy types, technological, economic and ecological aspects. Second, we conclude based on the results that current models for industrial cases are not completely suitable for wide practical implementation, among others because of the way they evaluate system operation and they do not incorporate every discussed requirement aspect. Third, this article draws up a potential modelling approach to fill these gaps, considering the missing points and omissions. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110400 SN - 1364-0321 VL - 137 SP - 110400 EP - 110400 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Burkhardt, Robert A1 - Schwarzeit, Robert A1 - McKenna, Russell A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Competition between simultaneous demand-side flexibility options: the case of community electricity storage systems JF - Applied Energy N2 - Community electricity storage systems for multiple applications promise benefits over household electricity storage systems. More economical flexibility options such as demand response and sector coupling might reduce the market size for storage facilities. This paper assesses the economic performance of community electricity storage systems by taking competitive flexibility options into account. For this purpose, an actor-related, scenario-based optimization framework is applied. The results are in line with the literature and show that community storage systems are economically more efficient than household storage systems. Relative storage capacity reductions of community storage systems over household storage systems are possible, as the demand and generation profiles are balanced out among end users. On average, storage capacity reductions of 9% per household are possible in the base scenario, resulting in lower specific investments. The simultaneous application of demand-side flexibility options such as sector coupling and demand response enable a further capacity reduction of the community storage size by up to 23%. At the same time, the competition between flexibility options leads to smaller benefits regarding the community storage flexibility potential, which reduces the market viability for these applications. In the worst case, the cannibalization effects reach up to 38% between the flexibility measures. The losses of the flexibility benefits outweigh the savings of the capacity reduction whereby sector coupling constitutes a far greater influencing factor than demand response. Overall, in consideration of the stated cost trends, the economies of scale, and the reduction possibilities, a profitable community storage model might be reached between 2025 and 2035. Future work should focus on the analysis of policy frameworks. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114969 SN - 1872-9118 VL - 269 SP - 114969 EP - 114969 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Graupner, Sören A1 - Edwards, James A1 - Weinand, Jann A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Competent, trustworthy, and likeable? Exploring which peers influence photovoltaic adoption in Germany JF - Energy Research & Social Science N2 - Little is known about the role of active peer effects (interpersonal contact) compared to passive peer effects (noticing or seeing) regarding residential photovoltaic (PV) diffusion. Recent literature suggests that peer effects are determined by the perceived credibility of one’s active peer connections regarding PV and passive peer effects. Utilising data from a survey of German house owners who either own a PV or indicate purchase intention (N = 1,165), this paper explores the underlying mechanisms of active peer effects during different stages of PV adoption decision-making. Our findings suggest that the perceived credibility of peers on PV related issues is positively associated with the reported number of adopters in the decision-maker’s peer group (passive peer effect) and also with the progress in the PV adoption decision process. Furthermore, we find a relationship between the perceived credibility of peers regarding PV and the reported influence strength of peer interactions throughout the decision-making processes of German householders, suggesting that subjective evaluations of peers play a role in active peer effects. Finally, we observe an association between the rate of self-initiated peer interactions about PV for respondents with a higher reported number of peers that have adopted PV, suggesting that passive effects (knowing peer PV adopters) play a role in initiating active peer interactions. These results are significant for all sub-groups, regardless of the decision progress. From a policy-making perspective, “bottom-up” efforts such as peer consultation and community-led outreach should be promoted in Germany to empower potential adopters. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102755 SN - 2214-6326 VL - 91 SP - 102755 EP - 102755 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Graupner, Sören A1 - Edwards, James A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - Bergaentzlé, Claire A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Social Influence Throughout the Photovoltaic Adoption Process: Exploring the Impact of Stakeholder Perceptions JF - Energy RESEARCH LETTERS N2 - This paper explores the role of social interactions in residential photovoltaic (PV) adoption. Our survey data from Germany indicate that residential PV decision makers are influenced primarily by stakeholders to whom they ascribe beneficial attributes. The data further show that key attributes vary along the decision making process: integrity and likeability demonstrate the strongest association with influence strength at the awareness stage, while availability and trustworthiness have the strongest association at the planning stage. The perception of the competence of the stakeholder is associated with greater influence across all stages. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.46557/001c.33903 SN - 2652-6514 VL - 3 IS - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - Reichardt, Soren A1 - Reichelt, David G. A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Competition Effects of Simultaneous Application of Flexibility Options Within an Energy Community T2 - 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) N2 - As part of an increased diffusion of decentralized renewable energy technologies, an additional need for flexibility arises. Studies indicate that operating battery storage systems for multiple uses as community electricity storage system (CES) promises superior benefits. This seems decisive, since cheaper flexibility options such as demand response (DR) are more applicable and might further reduce the market size for storage facilities. This research paper aims to analyze the competition effects of CES with simultaneous application of DR. The optimization results of the synthetic case studies provide insights in the profitability level, the service provision and the flexibility potential. While even under requested legal circumstances a CES is only partially profitable, the economic situation improves in terms of an optimal storage utilization. This, however, is reduced through competition effects with DR. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-5386-1488-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/eem.2018.8470007 SP - 1 EP - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - Seim, Stephan A1 - Schuchardt, Kerstin A1 - Krone, Jonas A1 - Haberland, Rosa A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Legal Framework of Decentralized Energy Business Models in Germany: Challenges and Opportunities for Municipal Utilities JF - Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft N2 - Feasible and profitable business models to better integrate and harness decentrally generated renewable energy are expected to constitute a key element for the energy transition in Germany. Until now, generated electricity of decentralized systems is to the largest extent only used by the property owner directly or fed into the public grid. To make better use of the generated electricity, it is necessary to find business models that provide an opportunity for different market actors, such as municipal utilities and residential prosumers. Due to the importance, yet low-anticipated monetary potential of such solutions, the legislator encourages their implementation by exemption of statutory fees, levies and taxes as well as by offering public remunerations, premiums and compensations in some cases. Capitalizing on these benefits, however, is only feasible under compliance with the legal requirements. In the light of the considerations above, this work states and analyzes the legal and regulatory framework of different business models within the German energy landscape. The major aim is to identify opportunities and challenges for the implementation of the business models self consumption, direct consumption, direct marketing, demand response, community electricity storage and net metering at the municipal level. The findings show that the profitability of various decentralized on-site business models depends primarily on the current statutory cost exemptions and compensations. At the same time, the regulation is characterized by unsystematic specific exemptions which leads to uncertainty regarding long-term planning. Additionally, although not directly privileged by the existing legal framework, municipal utilities are better suited to handle the legal burdens due to their experience and their administrative infrastructure. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12398-018-0227-1 SN - 0343-5377 VL - 42 IS - 3 SP - 207 EP - 223 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - Bruckner, Thomas ED - Johanning, Simon ED - Scheller, Fabian ED - Kühne, Stefan ED - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Integrierte techno-sozio-ökonomische Modellierung urbaner Systeme T2 - Agentenbasierte Modellierung urbaner Transformationsprozesse T3 - Studien zu Infrastruktur und Ressourcenmanagement - Band 12 Y1 - 2022 SN - 9783832554132 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30819/5413.01 SP - 7 EP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Keitsch, K. A1 - Kondziella, H. A1 - Georg Reichelt, D. A1 - Dienst, S. A1 - Kühne, S. A1 - Bruckner, T. T1 - Evaluation von Geschäftsmodellen im liberalisierten Energiemarkt JF - BWK. Das Energie-Fachmagazin Y1 - 2015 VL - 67 IS - 11 SP - 24 EP - 25 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Krone, Jonas A1 - Kühne, Stefan A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Provoking Residential Demand Response Through Variable Electricity Tariffs - A Model-Based Assessment for Municipal Energy Utilities JF - Technology and Economics of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy N2 - With the suitable infrastructure of information and communication technologies in place, customers are able to perform demand response (DR), meaning that they can decrease or increase their electricity consumption in response to changes in their electricity tariff. In this research, different variable electricity tariffs are designed taking both customer and utility preferences into account. Subsequently, a model-based analysis on the basis of optimization model IRPopt (Integrated Resource Planning and Optimization) is carried out. Electricity customers are exposed to the designed tariffs in order to find out whether variable electricity tariffs are a suitable instrument for municipal energy utilities to exploit the potential laying in residential DR. Loads considered for DR in this work are those of selected electric household appliances and the loads of electric heat pumps. One major contribution of this work is that the assessment differentiates between different types of energy utilities, whose specific generation profiles are taken into account in the design of the variable tariffs. The results show that variable electricity tariffs have a small economic potential. However, customers only benefit if the design of the business model includes a proper compensation mechanism. In this context, successful business models require the direct cooperation of different municipal energy market actors. Furthermore, taking the specific generation profiles of municipal energy utilities into account in the design of variable electricity tariffs helps to increase the energy autonomy of municipalities. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40866-018-0045-x VL - 3 IS - 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Reichelt, David G. A1 - Dienst, Steffen A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - Reichardt, Soren A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Effects of implementing decentralized business models at a neighborhood energy system level: A model based cross-sectoral analysis T2 - 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) N2 - The reliable integration of decentralized energy technologies and the associated system transformations represent a challenging task. Taking into account existing cross-sectoral demand and supply structures, diverse communities require specific solutions. With an appropriate business model, municipal utilities might be capable to transform themselves in a successful way. For better decision-making, they need to investigate under what conditions certain business cases might represent a sustainable part of the future system and their future portfolio. On the basis of an innovative multi-model and cross-sector approach, this research paper aims to assess opportunities of such business models in terms of four strategic targets: affordability, profitability, autarky and ecology. The results of the combined evaluation of synthetic case studies provide insights under what conditions different business models show positive performance. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-5090-5499-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/eem.2017.7981910 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Schulte, Emily A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - Geyler, Stefan A1 - Moritz, Marie A1 - Bruckner, Thomas ED - Johanning, Simon ED - Scheller, Fabian ED - Kühne, Stefan ED - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Beschreibung der realen Fallstudien als Forschungsobjekt für die modellbezogenen Analysen T2 - Agentenbasierte Modellierung urbaner Transformationsprozesse. Smart Utilities And Sustainable Infrastructure Change T3 - Studien zu Infrastruktur und Ressourcenmanagement - Band 12 Y1 - 2022 SN - 9783832554132 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30819/5413.02 SP - 21 EP - 38 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Doser, Isabel A1 - Sloot, Daniel A1 - McKenna, Russell A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Exploring the Role of Stakeholder Dynamics in Residential Photovoltaic Adoption Decisions: A Synthesis of the Literature JF - Energies N2 - Despite the intensive research on residential photovoltaic adoption, there is a lack of understanding regarding the social dynamics that drive adoption decisions. Innovation diffusion is a social process, whereby communication structures and the relations between sender and receiver influence what information is perceived and how it is interpreted. This paper addresses this research gap by investigating stakeholder influences in household decision-making from a procedural perspective, so-called stakeholder dynamics. A literature review derives major influence dynamics which are then synthesized based on egocentric network maps for distinct process stages. The findings show a multitude of stakeholders that can be relevant in influencing photovoltaic adoption decisions of owner-occupied households. Household decision-makers are mainly influenced by stakeholders of their social network like family, neighbors, and friends as well as PV-related services like providers and civil society groups. The perceived closeness and likeability of a stakeholder indicate a higher level of influence because of greater trust involved. Furthermore, the findings indicate that social influence shifts gradually from many different stakeholders to a few core stakeholders later on in the decision-making process. These insights suggest that photovoltaic (PV) adoption may be more reliably predicted if a process perspective is taken into account that not only distinguishes between different stakeholders but considers their dynamic importance along the process stages. In addition, especially time- and location-bound factors affect the influence strength. This clearly shows the importance of local and targeted interventions to accelerate the uptake. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236283 VL - 13 IS - 23 SP - 6283 EP - 6283 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Doser, Isabel A1 - Schulte, Emily A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - McKenna, Russell A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Stakeholder dynamics in residential solar energy adoption: findings from focus group discussions in Germany JF - Energy Research & Social Science N2 - Although there is a clear indication that stages of residential decision making are characterized by their own stakeholders, activities, and outcomes, many studies on residential low-carbon technology adoption only implicitly address stage-specific dynamics. This paper explores stakeholder influences on residential photovoltaic adoption from a procedural perspective, so-called stakeholder dynamics. The major objective is the understanding of underlying mechanisms to better exploit the potential for residential photovoltaic uptake. Four focus groups have been conducted in close collaboration with the independent institute for social science research SINUS Markt- und Sozialforschung in East Germany. By applying a qualitative content analysis, major influence dynamics within three decision stages are synthesized with the help of egocentric network maps from the perspective of residential decision-makers. Results indicate that actors closest in terms of emotional and spatial proximity such as members of the social network represent the major influence on residential PV decision-making throughout the stages. Furthermore, decision-makers with a higher level of knowledge are more likely to move on to the subsequent stage. A shift from passive exposure to proactive search takes place through the process, but this shift is less pronounced among risk-averse decision-makers who continuously request proactive influences. The discussions revealed largely unexploited potential regarding the stakeholders local utilities and local governments who are perceived as independent, trustworthy and credible stakeholders. Public stakeholders must fulfill their responsibility in achieving climate goals by advising, assisting, and financing services for low-carbon technology adoption at the local level. Supporting community initiatives through political frameworks appears to be another promising step. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102065 SN - 2214-6326 VL - 76 SP - 102065 EP - 102065 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Burgenmeister, Balthasar A1 - Kondziella, Hendrik A1 - Kühne, Stefan A1 - Reichelt, David G. A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Towards integrated multi-modal municipal energy systems: An actor-oriented optimization approach JF - Applied Energy N2 - Against the backdrop of a changing political, economic and ecological environment, energy utilities are facing several challenges in many countries. Due to an increasing decentralization of energy systems, the conventional business could be undermined. Yet the reliable integration of small-scale renewable technologies and associated system transformations could represent an opportunity as well. Municipal energy utilities might play a decisive role regarding successful transition. For better decision-making, they need to investigate under which conditions certain novel business cases can become a sustainable part of their future strategy. The development of the strategy is a challenging task which needs to consider different conditions as business portfolio, the customer base, the regulatory framework as well as the market environment. Integrated Multi-Modal Energy System (IMMES) models are able to capture necessary interactions. This research introduces a model-driven decision support system called Integrated Resource Planning and Optimization (IRPopt). Major aim is to provide managerial guidance by simulating the impact of business models considering various market actors. The mixed-integer linear programming approach exhibits a novel formal interface between supply and demand side which merges technical and commercial aspects. This is achieved by explicit modeling of municipal market actors on one layer and state-of-the-art technology components on another layer as well as resource flow relations and service agreements mechanism among and between the different layers. While this optimization framework provides a dynamic and flexible policy-oriented, technology-based and actor-related assessment of multi-sectoral business cases, the encapsulation in a generic software system supports the facilitation. Based on the actor-oriented dispatch strategy, flexibility potential of community energy storage systems is provided to demonstrate a real application. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.027 SN - 1872-9118 VL - 228 SP - 2009 EP - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reichelt, David Georg A1 - Kühne, Stefan A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Abitz, Daniel A1 - Johanning, Simon ED - Reussner, R. H. ED - Koziolek, A. ED - Heinrich, R. T1 - Towards an Infrastructure for Energy Model Computation and Linkage JF - INFORMATIK 2020 N2 - Decision makers strive for optimal ways of production and usage of energy. To adjust their behavior to the future situation of markets and technology, the execution of different models predicting e.g. energy consumption, energy production, prices and consumer behavior is necessary. This execution is itself time-consuming and requires input data management. Furthermore, since different models cover different aspects of the energy domain, they need to be linked. To speed up the linkage and reduce manual errors, these linkage needs to be automated. We present IRPsim, an infrastructure for computation of different models and their linkage. The IRPsim-infrastructure enables management of model data in a structured database, parallelized model execution and automatic model linkage. Thereby, IRPsim allows researchers and practitioners to use energy system models for strategic business model analysis. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/inf2020_21 SP - 225 EP - 235 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biemann, Marco A1 - Gunkel, Philipp Andreas A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Huang, Lizhen A1 - Liu, Xiufeng T1 - Data Center HVAC Control Harnessing Flexibility Potential via Real-Time Pricing Cost Optimization Using Reinforcement Learning JF - IEEE Internet of Things Journal N2 - With increasing electricity prices, cost savings through load shifting are becoming increasingly important for energy end users. While dynamic pricing encourages customers to shift demand to low price periods, the nonstationary and highly volatile nature of electricity prices poses a significant challenge to energy management systems. In this article, we investigate the flexibility potential of data centers by optimizing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems with a general model-free reinforcement learning (RL) approach. Since the soft actor-critic algorithm with feedforward networks did not work satisfactorily in this scenario, we propose instead a parameterization with a recurrent neural network architecture to successfully handle spot-market price data. The past is encoded into a hidden state, which provides a way to learn the temporal dependencies in the observations and highly volatile rewards. The proposed method is then evaluated in experiments on a simulated data center. Considering real temperature and price signals over multiple years, the results show a cost reduction compared to a proportional, integral and derivative controller while maintaining the temperature of the data center within the desired operating ranges. In this context, this work demonstrates an innovative and applicable RL approach that incorporates complex economic objectives into agent decision-making. The proposed control method can be integrated into various Internet of Things-based smart building solutions for energy management. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3263261 VL - 10 IS - 15 SP - 13876 EP - 13894 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biemann, Marco A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Liu, Xiufeng A1 - Huang, Lizhen T1 - Experimental evaluation of model-free reinforcement learning algorithms for continuous HVAC control JF - Applied Energy N2 - Controlling heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is crucial to improving demand-side energy efficiency. At the same time, the thermodynamics of buildings and uncertainties regarding human activities make effective management challenging. While the concept of model-free reinforcement learning demonstrates various advantages over existing strategies, the literature relies heavily on value-based methods that can hardly handle complex HVAC systems. This paper conducts experiments to evaluate four actor-critic algorithms in a simulated data centre. The performance evaluation is based on their ability to maintain thermal stability while increasing energy efficiency and on their adaptability to weather dynamics. Because of the enormous significance of practical use, special attention is paid to data efficiency. Compared to the model-based controller implemented into EnergyPlus, all applied algorithms can reduce energy consumption by at least 10% by simultaneously keeping the hourly average temperature in the desired range. Robustness tests in terms of different reward functions and weather conditions verify these results. With increasing training, we also see a smaller trade-off between thermal stability and energy reduction. Thus, the Soft Actor Critic algorithm achieves a stable performance with ten times less data than on-policy methods. In this regard, we recommend using this algorithm in future experiments, due to both its interesting theoretical properties and its practical results. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117164 SN - 03062619 VL - 298 SP - 117164 EP - 117164 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braeuer, Fritz A1 - Kleinebrahm, Max A1 - Naber, Elias A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - McKenna, Russell T1 - Optimal system design for energy communities in multi-family buildings: the case of the German Tenant Electricity Law JF - Applied Energy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117884 SN - 1872-9118 VL - 305 SP - 117884 EP - 117884 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dominković, D. F. A1 - Weinand, J. M. A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - D’Andrea, M. A1 - McKenna, R. T1 - Reviewing two decades of energy system analysis with bibliometrics JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews N2 - The field of Energy System Analysis (ESA) has experienced exponential growth in the number of publications in the last two decades. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis on ESA by employing different statistical techniques to investigate the underlying science's structure, characteristics, and patterns. The focus of results is on quantitative indicators relating to the number and type of publication outputs, collaboration links between institutions, authors and countries, and dynamic trends within the field. The five and twelve most productive countries have 50% and 80% of ESA publications, respectively. The dominant institutions are even more concentrated within a small number of countries. A significant concentration of published papers within countries and institutions was also confirmed by analysing collaboration networks. These show dominant collaboration within the same university or at least the same country. There is also a strong link among the most successful journals, authors and institutions. Within the field, the Energy journal has had the most publications, its editor-in-chief is the author with both the highest overall number of publications and the most highly cited publications. In terms of the dynamics within the field in the past decade, recent years have seen a higher impact of topics related to flexibility and hybrid/integrated energy systems alongside a decline in individual technologies. This paper provides a holistic overview of two decades' research output and enables interested readers to obtain a comprehensive overview of the key trends in this active field. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111749 SN - 1364-0321 VL - 153 SP - 111749 EP - 111749 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - Abitz, Daniel A1 - Schulte, Emily A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - PVactVal: A Validation Approach for Agent-based Modeling of Residential Photovoltaic Adoption T2 - 18th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) N2 - Agent-based simulation models are an important tool to study the effectiveness of policy interventions on the uptake of residential photovoltaic systems by households, a cornerstone of sustainable energy system transition. In order for these models to be trustworthy, they require rigorous validation.However, the canonical approach of validating emulation models through calibration with parameters that minimize the difference of model results and reference data fails when the model is subject to many stochastic influences. The residential photovoltaic diffusion model PVact features numerous stochastic influences that prevent straightforward optimization-driven calibration.From the analysis of the results of a case-study on the cities Dresden and Leipzig (Germany) based on three error metrics (mean average error, root mean square error and cumulative average error), this research identifies a parameter range where stochastic fluctuations exceed differences between results of different parameterization and a minimization-based calibration approach fails.Based on this observation, an approach is developed that aggregates model behavior across multiple simulation runs and parameter combinations to compare results between scenarios representing different future developments or policy interventions of interest. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-0896-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/eem54602.2022.9921039 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Abitz, Daniel A1 - Wehner, Claudius A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - A modular multi-agent framework for innovation diffusion in changing business environments: conceptualization, formalization and implementation JF - Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling N2 - Understanding how innovations are accepted in a dynamic and complex market environment is a crucial factor for competitive advantage. To understand the relevant factors for this diffusion and to predict success, empirically grounded agent-based models have become increasingly popular in recent years. Despite the popularity of these innovation diffusion models, no common framework that integrates their diversity exists. This article presents a flexible, modular and extensible common description and implementation framework that allows to depict the large variety of model components found in existing models. The framework aims to provide a theoretically grounded description and implementation framework for empirically grounded agent-based models of innovation diffusion. It identifies 30 component requirements to conceptualize an integrated formal framework description. Based on this formal description, a java-based implementation allowing for flexible configuration of existing and future models of innovation diffusion is developed. As a variable decision support tool in decision-making processes on the adoption of innovations the framework is valuable for the investigation of a range of research questions on innovation diffusion, business model evaluation and infrastructure transformation. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40294-020-00074-6 VL - 8 IS - 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - Schulte, Emily A1 - Abitz, Daniel A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Bruckner, Thomas ED - Johanning, Simon ED - Scheller, Fabian ED - Kühne, Stefan ED - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - PVactVal: Ein Ansatz für die operationale Validierung von Aufdach-PV Diffusionsmodellen T2 - Agentenbasierte Modellierung urbaner Transformationsprozesse T3 - Studien zu Infrastruktur und Ressourcenmanagement - Band 12 Y1 - 2022 SN - 9783832554132 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30819/5413.11 SP - 139 EP - 152 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kachirayil, Febin A1 - Weinand, Jann Michael A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - McKenna, Russell T1 - Reviewing local and integrated energy system models: insights into flexibility and robustness challenges JF - Applied Energy N2 - The electrification of heating, cooling, and transportation to reach decarbonization targets calls for a rapid expansion of renewable technologies. Due to their decentral and intermittent nature, these technologies require robust planning that considers non-technical constraints and flexibility options to be integrated effectively. Energy system models (ESMs) are frequently used to support decision-makers in this planning process. In this study, 116 case studies of local, integrated ESMs are systematically reviewed to identify best-practice approaches to model flexibility and address non-technical constraints. Within the sample, storage systems and sector coupling are the most common types of flexibility. Sector coupling with the transportation sector is rarely considered, specifically with electric vehicles even though they could be used for smart charging or vehicle-to-grid operation. Social aspects are generally either completely neglected or modeled exogenously. Lacking actor heterogeneity, which can lead to unstable results in optimization models, can be addressed through building-level information. A strong emphasis on cost is found and while emissions are also frequently reported, additional metrics such as imports or the share of renewable generation are nearly entirely absent. To guide future modeling, the paper concludes with a roadmap highlighting flexibility and robustness options that either represent low-hanging fruit or have a large impact on results. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119666 SN - 1872-9118 VL - 324 SP - 119666 EP - 119666 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehna, Malte A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Herwartz, Helmut T1 - Forecasting day-ahead electricity prices: A comparison of time series and neural network models taking external regressors into account JF - Energy Economics N2 - The amount of renewable energies in electricity production has increased significantly in the last decade, resulting in more variability of the day-ahead electricity spot price. The Electricity Price Forecast (EPF) has to adapt to the new situation by applying flexible models. However, the numerous available forecasting methods differ widely, with no distinct candidate offering the best solution. Against this background, we conduct a comparative study of four different approaches to forecasting the German day-ahead electricity spot price. In addition to the prominent Seasonal Integrated Auto-Regressive Moving Average model ((S)ARIMA(X)) and the Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network models, we employ a Convolutional Neural Network LSTM (CNN-LSTM) and an extended two-stage multivariate Vector Auto-Regressive model (VAR) approach as hybrid models. For better performance, we include common external influences such as the consumer load, fuel and emission prices, average solar radiation and wind speed in our analysis. We analyse hourly data for twelve samples from October 2017 to September 2018. Each model is implemented to deliver price forecasts at three horizons, i.e., one day, seven days and thirty days ahead. While the LSTM model achieves the best forecasting performance on average, the two-stage VAR follows closely behind and performs exceedingly well for shorter prediction horizons. Further, we provide evidence that a combination of both forecasting methods outperforms each of the single models. This indicates that combining advanced methods could lead to further improvements in electricity spot price forecasts. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105742 SN - 1873-6181 VL - 106 SP - 105742 EP - 105742 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maheri, A. A1 - Bagali, R. A1 - Chilak, C. A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Mustafa, A. I. T1 - Deterministic versus nondeterministic design of hybrid renewable energy systems T2 - 2nd International Symposium On Environment Friendly Energies And Applications N2 - The performance of the deterministic design methods in design of reliable and cost effective standalone hybrid renewable energy systems is evaluated. Reliability in the power supply is the chief feature of a standalone hybrid renewable energy system. It is shown that the traditional methods of considering the effect of uncertainties in deterministic designs such as design for worst case scenarios and employing safety measures such as margin of safety have little impact on the actual reliability of the designed system. Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-4673-2911-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/efea.2012.6294064 SP - 212 EP - 217 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gunkel, Philipp Andreas A1 - Bergaentzlé, Claire A1 - Græsted Jensen, Ida A1 - Scheller, Fabian T1 - From passive to active: Flexibility from electric vehicles in the context of transmission system development JF - Applied Energy N2 - Electrification of transport in RES-based power system will support the decarbonisation of the transport sector. However, due to the increase in energy demand and the large peak effects of charging, the passive integration of electric cars is likely to undermine sustainability efforts. This study investigates three different charging strategies for electric vehicle in Europe offering various degrees of flexibility: passive charging, smart charging and vehicle-to-grid, and puts this flexibility in perspective with the flexibility offered by interconnections. We use the Balmorel optimization tool to represent the short-term dispatch and long-term investment in the energy system and we contribute to the state-of-the-art in developing new methodologies to represent home charging and battery degradation. Our results show how each step of increased charging flexibility reduces system costs, affects energy mix, impacts spot prices and reduces CO2 emissions until the horizon 2050. We quantify how flexible charging and variable generation mutually support each other (>100 TWh from wind and solar energy in 2050) and restrict the business case for stationary batteries, whereas passive charging results in a substitution of wind by solar energy. The comparison of each charging scheme with and without interconnection expansion highlights the interplay between European countries in terms of electricity prices and CO2 emissions in the context of electrified transport. Although the best outcome is reached under the most flexible scenario at the EU level, the situation of the countries with the cheapest and most decarbonised electricity mix is damaged, which calls for adapted coordination policy at the EU level. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115526 SN - 1872-9118 VL - 277 SP - 115526 EP - 115526 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weinand, Jann Michael A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - McKenna, Russell T1 - Reviewing energy system modelling of decentralized energy autonomy JF - Energy N2 - Research attention on decentralized autonomous energy systems has increased exponentially in the past three decades, as demonstrated by the absolute number of publications and the share of these studies in the corpus of energy system modelling literature. This paper shows the status quo and future modelling needs for research on local autonomous energy systems. A total of 359 studies are investigated, of which a subset of 123 in detail. The studies are assessed with respect to the characteristics of their methodology and applications, in order to derive common trends and insights. Most case studies apply to middle-income countries and only focus on the supply of electricity in the residential sector. Furthermore, many of the studies are comparable regarding objectives and applied methods. Local energy autonomy is associated with high costs, leading to levelized costs of electricity of 0.41 $/kWh on average. By analysing the studies, many improvements for future studies could be identified: the studies lack an analysis of the impact of autonomous energy systems on surrounding energy systems. In addition, the robust design of autonomous energy systems requires higher time resolutions and extreme conditions. Future research should also develop methodologies to consider local stakeholders and their preferences for energy systems. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117817 SN - 1873-6785 VL - 203 SP - 117817 EP - 117817 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kondziella, Hendrik A1 - Specht, Karl A1 - Lerch, Philipp A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - The techno-economic potential of large-scale hydrogen storage in Germany for a climate-neutral energy system JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews N2 - The seasonal storage of natural gas is a recognized and reliable technology in the energy industry. Salt caverns are particularly suitable for storing alternative gaseous fuels such as hydrogen. Germany has a great technical potential for expanding its cavern storage capacity, which exceeds the expected demand for hydrogen many times. Regarding the projected long-term decline in natural gas use, the question arises as to whether existing caverns can meet future storage requirements. To this end, a techno-economic model is presented to meet electricity and hydrogen demand in a cost-optimal solution. This analysis focused on the utilization of hydrogen storage in terms of energy throughput and maximum storage capacity. To link the outcome of economic dispatch to the literature, the fundamental assumptions are based on comprehensive capacity expansion models. This study advances the state of the art by evaluating key input parameters of the future energy system. By conducting 192 model runs, the analysis revealed the range of uncertainty in terms of storage use. This indicates a strong dependence of the systemic and economic value of hydrogen storage on boundary conditions such as a consideration of dark doldrums, a flexible hydrogen demand profile, hydrogen import restrictions and a larger electrolyzer capacity. The uncertainty ranged from 0 to 67 TWhH2 for the storage capacity, with an average of 36.6 TWhH2 across all scenarios, and from 0 to 190 TWhH2 for the annual energy throughput. These results are significant for gas storage operators who derive transformation strategies and policymakers evaluating financial funding requirements. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113430 SN - 1364-0321 VL - 182 SP - 113430 EP - 113430 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Wald, Stefan A1 - Kondziella, Hendrik A1 - Gunkel, Philipp Andreas A1 - Bruckner, Thomas A1 - Keles, Dogan T1 - Future role and economic benefits of hydrogen and synthetic energy carriers in Germany: a review of long-term energy scenarios JF - Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments N2 - Determining the development of Germany’s energy system is the subject of a series of studies. Since their results play a significant role in the political energy debate for understanding the role of hydrogen and synthetic energy carriers, a better discussion is needed. This article provides an assessment of published transition pathways for Germany to assess the role and advantages of hydrogen-based carriers. Twelve energy studies including 37 scenarios for the years 2030 and 2050 were evaluated. Despite the variations, the carrier will play an important role. While their deployment is expected to have only started by 2030 with a mean demand of 91 TWh/a (4% of the final energy demand) in Germany, they will be an essential part by 2050 with a mean demand of 480 TWh/a (24%). The outcome of the scenarios depends on the chosen methods and assumptions. A moderately positive correlation (0.53) between the decarbonisation targets and the share of hydrogen-based carriers in final energy demand underlines the relevance for reaching the climate targets. Additionally, value creation effects of about 16 billion EUR/a in 2050 can be expected for hydrogen-based carriers. Hydrogen is expected to be produced domestically while synthetic fuels are projected to be mostly imported. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103037 SN - 22131388 VL - 56 SP - 103037 EP - 103037 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Specht, Karl A1 - Kondziella, Hendrik A1 - Bruckner, Thomas A1 - Scheller, Fabian T1 - Scenarios for the decarbonization of district heating: the case of Leipzig T2 - 2023 19th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) N2 - This study derives the levelized cost of heat (LCOH) for exemplary post-fossil district heating (DH) scenarios. The DH system of Leipzig in 2040 under the assumption of a completely climate-neutral heat supply is considered. Accordingly, four generation scenarios (GS) are proposed based on different energy carriers that are characterized as follows: (1) natural gas with carbon capture and storage, (2) hydrogen, (3) diversified mix of biomass, waste heat and solar, and (4) electricity. In addition, the scenarios’ robustness toward commodity prices is investigated using a sensitivity analysis. A modeling environment was used to optimize the hourly economic dispatch. Based on this, levelized costs are determined. For the reference case, the LCOH of the GS 1 and 2 exceeds the LCOH of GS 3 and 4. Furthermore, the results indicate that relying on singular energy carriers as opposed to diversified generation portfolios leads to less robust LCOH regarding price sensitivities. Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-1258-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/eem58374.2023.10161822 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermann, Julian A1 - Kachirayil, Febin A1 - Lohrmann, Alena A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Roskosch, Dennis A1 - McKenna, Russell T1 - A critical reflection on modelling approaches for heat pumps and building envelope retrofits in local energy system optimisations JF - Applied Energy N2 - Integrating heat pumps and adopting building envelope retrofit (BER) measures is vital for decarbonising the built environment. This paper systematically reviews modelling approaches for these technologies within 84 local energy system optimisation studies. Our findings show that most studies simplify heat pump operation using a constant coefficient of performance (COP), perfect modulation, or a fixed heating capacity. While existing methods account for temperature-dependent COPs, only a few studies include more advanced approaches considering additional impacts. Two main approaches for modelling BER measures are identified: pre-defined retrofit sets with exogenous heat demand or an integrated retrofit selection with endogenous heat demand. While the pre-defined approach offers lower computational effort, it limits the BER solution space. The integrated approach achieves the opposite: a wider solution space but higher complexity. Moreover, only two studies consider the impact of BER measures on the heat supply temperature, an essential link between retrofit measures and heat pump efficiency. Based on our qualitative review, we derive recommendations for energy system modellers. For modelling heat pumps, we recommend using a temperature-dependent COP and heating capacity, as well as a lower modulation limit. Regarding BER measures, the integrated approach should be used for smaller scales (single buildings) while the pre-defined sets are suitable for larger scales. Finally, we propose a research agenda to address limitations and gaps in the current modelling approaches, such as addressing the performance gap between existing COP estimations and heat pump field performance and including a more detailed method for the heat supply temperature. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126525 SN - 0306-2619 VL - 400 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siddique, Muhammad Bilal A1 - Keles, Dogan A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Nielsen, Per Sieverts T1 - Dispatch strategies for large-scale heat pump based district heating under high renewable share and risk-aversion: A multistage stochastic optimization approach JF - Energy Economics Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107764 VL - 136 SP - 107764 EP - 107764 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breitschopf, Barbara A1 - Keil, Julia A1 - Burghard, Uta A1 - Scheller, Fabian T1 - Forms of financial participation and acceptance of the energy transition-are there any relations? JF - Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12398-024-1256-6 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 38 EP - 57 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morrissey, Karyn A1 - Scheller, Fabian T1 - It takes a village: the role of community attributes in shaping solar photovoltaic adoption intention in Germany JF - Renewable Energy Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121542 SP - 121542 EP - 121542 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian T1 - The future demand of renewable fuels in Germany - Understanding the impact of electrification levels and socio-economic developments JF - Heliyon N2 - The Climate Change Act recently enacted in Germany highlights the urgency of understanding the future demand for renewable fuels. In this study, we combine technological progress and socio-economic pathways in an energy system analysis to assess future renewable fuel demands in Germany. We apply the whole-system optimisation model, TIMES, to investigate transition pathways with varying electrification levels and socio-economic developments. The results show that renewable fuels demand varies between 388 PJ and 1310 PJ depending on the electrification rates. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that considering socio-economicaspects and behavioural change, as represented by different Shared-Socio-economic Pathways, can significantly alter the demand for renewable fuels within a narrower yet still noteworthy range compared to the electrification scenarios. This provides country-level evidence highlighting the often-overlooked influence of social developments on demand projections. Consequently, it becomes crucial to prioritize the consideration of the climate mitigation potential arising fromsocioeconomic-induced changes in demand patterns within the broader framework of energyefficiency measures. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-53637 VL - 9 IS - 11 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lerch, Philipp A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Potential of demand response for chlor-alkali electrolysis processes T2 - 19th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) N2 - Chlor-alkali electrolysis indicates significant demand response potential, accounting for over 2% of Germany’s total electricity demand. To fully analyze this potential, digital models or digital twins are necessary. In this study, we use the IRPopt modeling framework to develop a digital model of an electrolysis process and examine the cost-optimal load shifting application in the day-ahead spot and balancing reserve market for various price scenarios (2019, 2030, 2040). We also investigate the associated CO 2 emissions. Combined optimization at both markets results in greater and more robust cost savings of 16.1% but cannibalizes the savings that are possible through optimization separately at each market. In future scenarios, the shares of savings from spot and reserve market could potentially reverse. CO 2 savings between 2.5% and 9.2% appear only through optimization at the spot market and could even turn negative if optimized solely at the reserve market. Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-1258-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/eem58374.2023.10161892 SP - 1 EP - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lerch, Philipp A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Reichelt, David G. A1 - Menzel, Katharina A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Electricity cost and CO2 savings potential for chlor-alkali electrolysis plants: Benefits of electricity price dependent demand response JF - Applied Energy N2 - Chlor-alkali electrolysis plays a significant role in Germany's electricity demand, with a share of >2%. It offers a promising avenue for leveraging demand response strategies. In times of escalating electricity prices, load shifting can help to maintain economic competitiveness of domestic industries. This study aims to assess the potential for electricity cost savings and related CO2 emission reductions through optimal load shifting practices for chlor-alkali electrolysis, considering both current and projected future electricity prices. The research employs the mixed-integer energy system modeling framework IRPopt to model and optimize a chlorine value chain under various scenarios. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the primary factors driving electricity cost savings. The findings reveal that, based on the 2019 electricity price distribution (before pandemic and energy crisis), load shifting can yield electricity cost savings of 5.8% and CO2 emission reductions of 2.7%. As the share of variable renewable energy sources increases along with other driving factors, the electricity price spread is projected to rise from 28% in 2019 to an average of 87% in 2040 scenarios. Consequently, electricity cost savings rise up to 22% and CO2 emission reductions up to 10%. The primary drivers behind electricity cost savings include electricity price spreads and the utilization and operating range of the electrolyzer. In addition to the business-level advantages, the resulting decrease in residual load and lower CO2 emissions contribute to the integration of variable renewable energy sources and the achievement of decarbonization targets at the economic level. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122263 SN - 0306-2619 VL - 355 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Morrissey, Karyn A1 - Neuhoff, Karsten A1 - Keles, Dogan T1 - Green or greedy: the relationship between perceived benefits and homeowners' intention to adopt residential low-carbon technologies JF - Energy Research & Social Science N2 - Transitioning to a net-zero economy requires a nuanced understanding of homeowners’ decision-making pathways when considering the adoption of Low Carbon Technologies (LCTs). These LCTs present both personal and collective benefits, with positive perceptions critically influencing attitudes and intentions. Our study analyses the relationship between two primary benefits: the household-level financial gain and the broader environmental advantage. Focusing on the German homeowners’ intention to adopt Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems, Energy Efficient Appliances, and Green Electricity Tariffs, we employ Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling to demonstrate that the adoption intention of the LCTs is underpinned by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Our research also highlights the pivotal role of perceived benefits in shaping attitudes and intentions. Attitudes towards the LCTs are more strongly related to product-specific benefits than affective constructs. In terms of evaluative benefits, environmental benefits exhibit a higher positive association with attitude formation compared to financial benefits. However, this relationship switches as homeowners move through the decision process with the financial benefits of selected LCTs having a consistently higher association with adoption intention. At the same time, financial benefits also positively affect attitudes. Observing this trend across both low- and high-cost LCTs, we recommend that policymakers and businesses enhance homeowners’ awareness of the personal advantages and implement strategies to make these financial benefits more tangible and accessible. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103388 SN - 2214-6296 VL - 108 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vibrans, Luise A1 - Schulte, Emily A1 - Morrissey, Karyn A1 - Bruckner, Thomas A1 - Scheller, Fabian T1 - Same same, but different: Explaining heterogeneity among potential photovoltaic adopters in Germany using milieu segmentation JF - Energy Research & Social Science N2 - Adoption of new technologies necessitates changes in behaviours, attitudes, and social norms that cannot be sufficiently explained by a single predictor or group of predictors, particularly in heterogeneous populations. Aiming to add a greater understanding of intention to adopt Rooftop Photovoltaic (PV), this paper utilised an established population segmentation tool, the Sinus-Milieus and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to account for population heterogeneity of the sample of German homeowners (n = 1800). By employing partial least squares structural equation modelling, we confirmed that attitudes, social norms, and financial evaluation significantly influence adoption intention at the population level. A multi-group analysis revealed noteworthy variations in the relative impact of attitudes and social norms on adoption intention across different milieugroups. Notably, even milieugroups sharing the same broad social status and/or values, as defined by the Sinus-Milieu tool, exhibited significant differences in the influence of attitudes and social norms on adoption intention. Moreover, a Kruskal–Wallis H-test indicated significant differences in the reported level of adoption intention among milieugroups, with the Leading milieus showing the highest intention and the Deprived the lowest. Differences were also observed for the determinants of social norms, attitudes, environmental concern, and novelty-seeking behaviour. Our findings confirm the relevance of considering potential adopters as a heterogeneous group in terms of overall lifestyle characteristics. Tailoring communication strategies to target the underlying motivations of specific milieus can lead to more effective interventions. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103212 SN - 2214-6326 VL - 103 SP - 103212 EP - 103212 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andreas Gunkel, Philipp A1 - Klinge Jacobsen, Henrik A1 - Bergaentzlé, Claire-Marie A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Møller Andersen, Frits T1 - Variability in electricity consumption by category of consumer: The impact on electricity load profiles JF - International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems N2 - Residential electrification of transport and heat is changing consumption and its characteristics significantly. Previous studies have demonstrated the impact of socio-techno-economic determinants on residential consumption. However, they fail to capture the distributional characteristics of such consumer groups, which impact network planning and flexibility assessment. Using actual residential electricity consumption profile data for 720,000 households in Denmark, we demonstrate that heat pumps are more likely to influence aggregated peak consumption than electric vehicles. At the same time, other socio-economic factors, such as occupancy, dwelling area and income, show little impact. Comparing the extrapolation of a comprehensive rollout of heat pumps or electric vehicles indicates that the most common consumer category deploying heat pumps has 14% more maximum consumption during peak load hours, 46% more average consumption and twice the higher median compared to households owning an electric vehicle. Electric vehicle show already flexibility with coincidence factors that ranges between 5 and 15% with a maximum of 17% whereas heat pumps are mostly baseload. The detailed and holistic outcomes of this study support flexibility assessment and grid planning in future studies but also the operation of flexible technologies. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108852 SN - 1879-3517 VL - 147 SP - 108852 EP - 108852 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Johanning, Simon A1 - Abitz, Daniel A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - The Influence of Financial Benefits and Peer Effects on the Adoption of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems T2 - 19th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) N2 - The uptake of residential photovoltaic systems is essential for energy system transformation towards carbon neutrality and decentralization. However, despite numerous campaigns to incentivize their uptake, adoption by residential homeowners is lacking behind. While countless drivers and barriers have been identified, the decision process is not fully understood. To address this gap, we developed an agent-based residential rooftop photovoltaic adoption model called PVact. Our model analyzes the interactions of potential household adopters based on their utility functions and social network, with a focus on the role of monetary evaluation and social pressure in adoption behavior. In this paper, we aim to assess the influence of monetary evaluation and social pressure in an abstract case study based on real-world data from the municipality of Leipzig, Germany. We consider stochastic dynamics through scenario analysis to investigate the influence of these factors on adoption behavior. Our results show that monetary evaluation and social pressure have a significant impact on adoption behavior. Specifically, we find shifting adoption patterns with an increased requirement for monetary returns and higher level of normative pressure required for households to act. Higher resistance against these pressure shows more stochastic variations, more pronounced tipping points and stronger run-away effects. Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-1258-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/eem58374.2023.10161765 SP - 1 EP - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Genge, Lucien A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Müsgens, Felix T1 - Supply costs of green chemical energy carriers at the European border: A meta-analysis JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy N2 - Importing green chemical energy carriers is crucial for meeting European climate targets. However, estimating the costs of supplying these energy carriers to Europe remains challenging, leading to a wide range of reported supply-cost estimates. This study analyzes the estimated supply costs of green chemical energy carriers at the European border using a dataset of 1050 data points from 30 studies. The results reveal significant variations in supply costs, with a projected four-fold difference in 2030 and a five-fold difference in 2050 across all energy carriers. The main drivers of cost differences are varying production costs, particularly influenced by the weighted average costs of capital and capital expenditures of renewable energy sources, electrolyzers, and carrier-specific conversion processes. Transport costs also contribute to variations, mainly influenced by the choice of energy carrier and the weighted average costs of capital. To optimize cost-efficiency and sustainability in the chemical energy carrier sector, this paper recommends prioritizing transparency and sensitivity analyses of key input parameters, classifying energy carriers based on technological and economic status, and encouraging research and development to reduce production costs. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.06.180 SN - 1879-3487 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Domenig, Christoph A1 - Scheller, Fabian A1 - Gunkel, Phillipp Andreas A1 - Hermann, Julian A1 - Bergaentzlé, Claire-Marie A1 - Lopes, Marta AR A1 - Barnes, Jake A1 - McKenna, Russell T1 - Overcoming the landlord–tenant dilemma: A techno-economic assessment of collective self-consumption for European multi-family buildings JF - Energy Policy Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114120 VL - 189 SP - 114120 EP - 114120 ER -