TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Mummendey, Amélie A1 - Mielke, Rosemarie A1 - Klink, Andreas T1 - Responding to negative social identity: A taxonomy of identity management strategies JF - European Journal of Social Psychology N2 - Taken from literature on social identity theory and social comparison theory, 12 strategies of identity management were identified as possible responses to negative social identity. A taxonomy with two orthogonal axes is proposed as theoretical organization of these diverse strategies. While the first axis considers responses as being either individual or collective, the second axis refers to the distinction between behaviours and cognitions. It is assumed that the German unification process implied a lower status position of East Germans relative to West Germans on relevant comparison dimensions, and that East Germans have to deal with this threat to their identity. Hence, data of an East German sample are used to empirically systematize identity management strategies, and, thus, to test the proposed taxonomy. Results support the expected four-factor solution only for those strategies taken from social identity theory, while the responses derived from social comparison research build a fifth factor. In addition, the empirical assignments of strategies to cells of the taxonomy are only partly in line with the expected pattern. The empirical findings suggest some clarification and modifications of the proposed response taxonomy. The most important refers to a re-interpretation of the taxonomy's first axis, which now differentiates between responses according to the specific changes of the comparison parameters they imply. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199809/10)28:5%3C697::AID-EJSP889%3E3.0.CO;2-%23 VL - 28 IS - 5 SP - 697 EP - 729 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias T1 - Soziale Kategorisierung und soziale Diskriminierung bei Exklusion versus Inklusion der eigenen Person JF - Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie N2 - Proposes a theoretical model of antecedents of the salience of social categorizations that is strongly related to the work of J. S. Bruner (1957) and P. J. Oakes (1987). In addition, the results of an empirical study using college students are presented which examined several hypotheses derived from the model. First, it was investigated whether exclusion vs inclusion of the perceiver with respect to a social categorizations affected the salience of this classification. Second, the study examined the relationship between social categorization on the one hand and social discrimination on the other. The results show that under otherwise equal conditions an inclusive social categorization is more salient than an exclusive one. In addition, in line with self-categorization theory, a significant correlation between the salience of a social categorization and tendencies toward ingroup favoritism appeared only for Ss strongly identified with the salient self-category, but not for low identifiers. The results of the present study are interpreted as a support of the proposed model of the salience of social categorizations. Y1 - 2023 VL - 28 IS - 5 SP - 265 EP - 279 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Mummendey, Amélie A1 - Otten, Sabine T1 - Normative evaluations and frequency expectations regarding positive versus negative outcome allocations between groups JF - European Journal of Social Psychology N2 - Data from several recent studies consistently show a positive–negative asymmetry in social discrimination: within a minimal social situation tendencies towards ingroup favouritism which usually appear in allocations of positively valenced resources are absent in the domain of negatively valenced stimuli. The present study investigates whether this valence-asymmetry has any correspondence to variations in normative evaluations of positive versus negative outcome allocations. For this purpose perceptions of normative appropriateness as well as frequency expectations of outside observers regarding outcome allocations made by categorized group members were investigated. Results show that parity choices were perceived as more normatively appropriate than out- or ingroup favouritism. While outgroup favouritism was judged as inappropriate as ingroup favouritism for positive resources, ingroup favouring decisions for negative resources were perceived as the least appropriate response within the minimal social situation. In addition, in contrast to results of St. Claire and Turner (1982) non-categorized subjects expected ingroup favouring decisions by group members more frequently than parity or outgroup favouring choices with respect to positively valanced resources. When, however, negative resources were to be allocated, outgroup favouritism was predominantly expected. Results are discussed in terms of justice considerations and are linked to a normative account of the positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199703)27:2%3C165::AID-EJSP812%3E3.0.CO;2-3 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 165 EP - 176 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haeger, Gabi A1 - Mummendey, Amélie A1 - Mielke, Rosemarie A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Kanning, U. P. T1 - Zum Zusammenhang von negativer sozialer Identität und Vergleichen zwischen Personen und Gruppen: Eine Felduntersuchung in Ost- und Westdeutschland JF - Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie N2 - Studied interactions between social identity (SI) and social comparisons (SCs) in East German and West German populations to test the assumptions that East Germans feel inferior when comparing themselves to West Germans and that their negative SI can be improved by alternative SCs. Human Ss: 35 normal male and female East German adults (aged 21–57 yrs) (mixed occupations) (Study 1). 226 normal male and female East German adults (mean age 38 yrs) (Study 2). 123 normal male and female West German adults (mean age 38 yrs) (Study 2). In individual interviews, the Ss in Study 1 were asked to indicate the types of SCs they considered relevant for their own life satisfaction (LS) and for the LS of East Germans in general. Study 2 focused on assessing strategies for improving a negative SI. The Ss completed questionnaires assessing (1) their satisfaction with their own and their group's (East Germans or West Germans) life situations and (2) characteristics of their SCs (i.e., the subjects, objects, dimensions, and outcomes of the SCs). Interactions between LS and SCs were analyzed, and results for East German and West German Ss were compared. Y1 - 2023 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 259 EP - 277 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otten, Sabine A1 - Mummendey, Amélie A1 - Blanz, Mathias T1 - Intergroup discrimination in positive and negative outcome-allocations: Impact of stimulus valence, relative group status, and relative group size. Personality and Social Psychology JF - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin N2 - Three studies investigated the determination of social discrimination by the valence of stimuli that are allocated between groups. The studies were based on either the minimal group paradigm or a more reality-based laboratory intergroup setting, with stimulus valence, group status, and group size as factors and with pull scores on Taifel matrices as dependent variables. In general, the results showed that group members did not discriminate against the out-group when allocating negative stimuli, where as for positive stimuli the typical in-group bias was found. However, those participants whose positive social identity was threatened by assigning them to inferior or minority groups showed an increased willingness to favor the in-group over the out-group in the allocation of both positive and negative stimuli. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167296226003 VL - 22 IS - 6 SP - 568 EP - 581 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias T1 - Effekte von Dosishöhe und Instruktionsplausibilität auf Plazeboreaktionen gesunder Probanden JF - Psychologische Beiträge Y1 - 2023 VL - 31 SP - 57 EP - 88 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bierhoff, Hans-Werner A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Buck, E. T1 - Studien über Androgynie II: Zusammenhang mit Arbeitsverhalten und emotionaler Unabhängigkeit im Studium JF - Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie Y1 - 2023 VL - 5 SP - 273 EP - 287 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Mummendey, Amélie A1 - Otten, Sabine T1 - Positive-negative-asymmetry in social discrimination: The impact of stimulus-valence and size- and status-differentials on intergroup evaluations JF - British Journal of Social Psychology N2 - Examined the influence of stimulus valence (positive vs negative) and size and status differentials on intergroup differentiation, using a sample of 276 Ss. The dependent measures included evaluative attributes which referred either to a status-related or to a status-unrelated dimension. Ss took part in group experiments in which minority–majority conditions were present and in which groups had to rate each other. As expected, generally there was in-group favoritism in the positive domain in which inferior minorities showed highest biases. In-group favoring evaluations in the negative domain appeared only under aggravating conditions (i.e., when the in-group had inferior and minority status). However, while this pattern of findings was true with respect to status-unrelated measures, there was a mere reproduction of the status manipulations on measures which were related to the status differential. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01074.x VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 409 EP - 419 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias ED - Wagner, U. T1 - Wahrnehmung von Personen als Gruppenmitglieder BT - Untersuchungen zur Salienz sozialer Kategorien JF - Texte zur Sozialpsychologie Y1 - 1999 SN - 978-3-89325-692-1 VL - 4 PB - Waxmann CY - Münster ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Aufderheide, Birgit T1 - Social categorization and category attribution: The effects of comparative and normative fit on memory and social judgment JF - British Journal of Social Psychology N2 - The present study examined the effects of comparative and normative fit on categorization in memory and social category attribution. We set forth conflicting predictions about the effects of these manipulations. Based on Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff & Ruderman's (1978) perceptual salience hypothesis, social category salience was expected to be stronger when counter-normative rather than normative category exemplars were presented. On the other hand, according to Oakes (1987) functional perspective on category salience, a reversed pattern of results was hypothesized. Our results contradicted Taylor's social-cognitive approach and supported the Oakes predictions. In our experiment, social categorizations were activated to the extent that they provided a meaningful representation of social relationships. Social category salience was determined by both the relations between the persons compared (comparative fit) and the agreement between stimulus persons compared and perceivers pre-existing stereotypical beliefs (normative fit). Furthermore, as hypothesized, we found evidence for differences in nature of both dependent measures. Specifically, it was shown that the attribution measure is a less ambiguous measure of social category salience than the category confusion paradigm (Taylor et al., 1978). Findings are discussed in regard to social identification, stereotype maintenance and current research on subtyping. Y1 - 1999 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1348/014466699164103 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 157 EP - 179 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mummendey, Amélie A1 - Klink, Andreas A1 - Mielke, Rosemarie A1 - Wenzel, Michael A1 - Blanz, Mathias T1 - Socio-structural characteristics of intergroup relations and identity management strategies: Results from a field study in East Germany JF - European Journal of Social Psychology N2 - In a field study in East Germany, predictions by Social Identity Theory concerning relations among socio-structural characteristics of intergroup relations (stability, legitimacy, permeability) and identity management strategies (e.g. social competition) were examined. In general, East Germans were expected to consider their status position as inferior compared to West Germans. Moreover, depending on whether they regard such a status difference as legitimate or illegitimate, as stable or unstable, and whether they perceive group boundaries as permeable or impermeable, East German participants should differ with respect to identity management strategies such as change of status relations, change of categorization, change of comparison dimension, change of comparison object and change of group membership. Five hundred and seventeen participants from different regions of East Germany completed a questionnaire on various aspects of life satisfaction. A path model including stability, legitimacy and permeability as predictors, ingroup identification as mediator and identity management strategies as criteria was tested. Results are mainly in line with assumptions on main effects derived from Social Identity Theory. However, some extensions and clarifications with respect to assimilation situations seem to be adequate. In addition, results show that ingroup identification can be regarded as a powerful mediator between perceived intergroup relations and identity management strategies. Y1 - 1999 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199903/05)29:2/3%3C259::AID-EJSP927%3E3.0.CO;2-F VL - 29 IS - 2-3 SP - 259 EP - 285 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Götz, Susanne A1 - Blanz, Mathias T1 - Hidden discrimination in front of social work’s own door: the case of homosexual employees at Christian social services in Germany T1 - Verborgene Diskriminierung vor der eigenen Haustür der Sozialen Arbeit: Homosexuelle Arbeitnehmende bei christlichen Sozialdiensten in Deutschland JF - European Journal of Social Work N2 - The present article addresses a hidden discrimination of homosexual people working at Germany’s largest employers in the social area: the Catholic and Protestant Churches and their Charities. On the one hand many of their employees are social workers; on the other hand these organisations showed repeatedly homophobic tendencies in the past. The study surveyed online more than 200 homosexual persons working at these organisations. The results showed that participants the less outed themselves at work the more they were afraid of becoming a target of workplace discrimination. Outing at work was more pronounced for Protestant organisations than for Catholic ones, while the result pattern was reversed with respect to participants’ fear of discrimination. In addition, we linked homosexuals’ tendencies to out themselves in private spaces to the political orientation of the federal states they lived in. It was found that private outing was lower in conservatively ruled federal states (CDU/CSU) compared to those governed by a left-liberal party (SPD). The discussion section focus on several recommendations on micro- and macro-levels how social work and social workers could help to normalise this conflictual situation. N2 - Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit einer versteckten Diskriminierung homosexueller Mitarbeiter_innen bei Deutschlands größtem Arbeitgebenden im sozialen Bereich, den katholischen und protestantischen Kirchen und ihren Wohltätigkeitsorganisationen. Zum einen weisen viele der dort Angestellten ein Studium der Sozialen Arbeit auf, zum anderen sind bei diesen Organisationen immer wieder homophobe Tendenzen festzustellen. Die durchgeführte Studie befragte online mehr als 200 homosexuelle Personen, die in diesen christlichen Organisationen arbeiten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Teilnehmenden umso weniger bereit sind, ihre sexuelle Orientierung am Arbeitsplatz zu outen, je mehr sie fürchten, dadurch Opfer von Diskriminierung zu werden (z.B. durch Kündigung). Im Vergleich war Outing in protestantischen Organisationen höher ausgeprägt als in katholischen, während die Ergebnisse für die wahrgenommene Angst vor Diskriminierung umgekehrt ausfielen. Darüber hinaus verknüpften wir die Bereitschaft von Homosexuellen, ihre sexuelle Orientierung im privaten Bereich zu outen, mit der jeweiligen politischen Orientierung der Bundesländer, in denen sie leben. Dabei zeigte es sich, dass privates Outing in den von konservativen Parteien (CDU/CSU) regierten Bundesländern geringer ausfiel als in Bundesländern, denen eine linksliberale Partei (SPD) vorsteht. Der Diskussionsteil konzentriert sich auf eine Reihe von Empfehlungen auf der Mikro- und Makroebene, wie die Soziale Arbeit dazu beitragen kann, diese Konfliktsituation zu normalisieren. KW - Social discrimination KW - homosexuality KW - Christian employers KW - outing of sexual orientation KW - General Equal Treatment Act KW - soziale Diskriminierung KW - Homosexualität KW - christliche Arbeitgebene KW - Offenlegung der sexuellen Orientierung KW - Allgemeines Gleichberechtigungsgesetz Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2018.1550386 VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 239 EP - 252 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Jänsch, Jessica T1 - Barriers for Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence to Seek and to Find Help: An Anonymous Online Survey from Germany JF - Open Journal of Applied Sciences N2 - The latest crime statistics from Germany show that nearly 21% of police reports of intimate partner violence (IPV) were made by men. There were a total of 34,899 male victims, which means that almost 100 men are victims of IPV every day in Germany. The results of an anonymous mixed-method online survey of 141 German men who experience (or had experienced) IPV in their relationships to women are reported. The results support the fact that men can experience multiple violence in relationships by their partners, most pronounced by psychological violence (e.g. insults), followed by physical violence (e.g. blows) and to a smaller amount by sexual violence (e.g. forced to intercourse). Triggers were everyday situations like dispute or stress. Battered men show inhibiting feelings and thoughts, which prevent them to out their violent experiences. Among these are the beliefs that counseling centers and the police could not help them and that they couldn’t win in court. Instead, they prefer to react with distancing and escaping or trying to tolerate and accept their traumatic experiences. If they confide in others, with the exception of friends, all persons showed more rejecting than supporting reactions. For aid organizations like social work, a number of participants indicated that such counseling offers for men in Germany “do not exist” or “are not known”. Implications for social work practice, education and research are discussed and suggestions are offered to improve the situation. KW - Aggression in Relationships KW - Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) KW - Battered Men KW - Male Victims Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2025.157130 SN - 2165-3925 SN - 2165-3917 VL - 15 IS - 7 SP - 1946 EP - 1969 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Piontkowski, Ursula A1 - Rohmann, Anette A1 - Schmermund, Anke A1 - Florack, Arnd T1 - Social categorization on the basis of multiple group-memberships: The case of male superiors and female subordinates JF - International Review of Social Psychology N2 - The present article addresses the question under which circumstances two social group-memberships are combined as a basis for social categorization. Following the functional approach to social category salience by Oakes (1987), the salience of combined categories was expected to depend on the degree of perceived fit of the two group- memberships to a shared pool of stereotypic dimensions (a so-called pattern of multiple fit). In a crossed categorization design, stimulus persons were characterized by gender (male vs. female) and authority position (superior vs. subordinate) and we studied the influence of multiple fit on the preference of particular category combinations (conjunctive categories: male superiors and female subordinates) over alternative category combinations (non-conjunctive categories: female superiors and male subordinates). In the present study, the degree of multiple fit was manipulated (low vs. high) and participants subsequently categorized members of conjunctive categories more strongly than those of non-conjunctive categories only when multiple fit was high, but not when a low level of multiple fit was given. In sum, results supported the notion that the use of multiple group- memberships as a categorization unit is less a matter of automaticity, but a function of the specific pattern of perceived category fit. Y1 - 2005 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 25 EP - 54 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Hausschmid, Svenja T1 - Factors Influencing Social Workers' Relationship to Their Clients: A Test of Social Psychological Theories JF - International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies N2 - The study examines the application of general social psychological theories on the development of relationships between people (mere exposure effect, similarity-attraction effect, triangular theory of love) to the special case of the relationship between counselor and client. Two hundred and twenty-eight social workers from Germany took part in the online survey on their relationship with their clients. The results show that (1) the degree of familiarity with clients increases with the frequency of contact with them, (2) the degree of perceived similarity with clients increases with the quality of the relationship, and (3) social workers' tendency to experience romantic feelings toward clients is influenced by the desire for emotional and physical closeness and the willingness to form a long-term commitment. Finally, the implications of the results for shaping the relationship in social work are discussed. KW - Counselor-Client Relationship KW - Social Work KW - Mere Exposure Effect KW - Similarity-Attraction Effect KW - Triangular Theory of Love Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.62557/2394-6296.110403 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 19 EP - 27 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Piontkowski, Ursula A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Rohmann, Anette A1 - Schmermund, Anke A1 - Florack, Arnd ED - Columbus, Frank H. T1 - The impact of multiple fit on implicit associations between categories: The implicit-association test as a research instrument in the study of social categorization JF - Advances in psychology research Y1 - 2001 VL - 6 SP - 103 EP - 128 PB - Nova Science CY - Huntington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias A1 - Piontkowski, Ursula A1 - Florack, Arnd A1 - Rohmann, Anette ED - Columbus, Frank H. T1 - When people belong to more than one group: A fit-based approach to multiple categorization JF - Advances in psychology research Y1 - 2001 VL - 4 SP - 279 EP - 314 PB - Nova Science CY - Huntington ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Blanz, Mathias ED - Engelke, Ernst ED - Maier, Konrad ED - Steinert, Erika ED - Borrmann, Stefan ED - Spatscheck, Christian T1 - Qualitätsmanagement im Studiengang Soziale Arbeit T2 - Forschung für die Praxis. Zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Sozialarbeitsforschung Y1 - 2008 SP - 255 EP - 258 PB - Lambertus-Verlag CY - Freiburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schermer, Franz J. A1 - Blanz, Mathias T1 - Kompetenzen gezielt erwerben – Zur Methodik Verhaltensorientierter Schulsozialarbeit JF - Blätter der Wohlfahrtspflege Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0340-8574-2013-6-226 VL - 160 IS - 6 SP - 226 EP - 229 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias T1 - Buchbesprechung zu Wisniewski, B. (2012) Reduktion von Prüfungsangst JF - Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1024/1010-0652/a000107 SN - 1010-0652 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 302 EP - 304 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanz, Mathias T1 - Buchbesprechung zu Fehm, L. & Fydrich, T. (2011) Prüfungsangst JF - Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1024/1010-0652/a000073 SN - 1010-0652 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 221 EP - 222 ER -