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  <doc>
    <id>1933</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>613</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>618</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>98</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevir</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-09-20</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Sustainable Aspects of a Metal Printing Process Chain with Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Production companies are getting more and more aware of the relevancy of energy costs and the environmental impact of their manufactured products. Hence, the knowledge about the energy intensity of new process technologies as metal printing becomes increasingly crucial. Therefore, data about the energy intensity of entire process chains allow a detailed assessment of the life cycle costs and environmental impact of metal printed parts. As metal printing with Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is applied from rapid prototyping to serial manufacturing processes more and more, sustainability data are useful to support a valid scale-up scenario and energetic improvements of the 3D-printing machinery as well as peripheral aggregates used in the process chain. The contribution aims to increase the transparency of the LPBF process chain in terms of its energy consumption. Therefore a generalized model to assess sustainability aspects of metal printed parts is derived. For this purpose, the LPBF process chain with the essential pre-, main- and post-processes is evaluated regarding its energy intensity. Here, the sub-processes, for example wet and dry cleaning of the printer, sieving of the metal powder or sand-blasting of the part are analyzed as well as the main printing process. Based on the derived experimental data from an installed, industry-like process chain, a model is created, which tends to generalize the experimental findings to evaluate other metal printed parts and process chain variants in terms of their energy intensity.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia CIRP</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.163</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="review.accepted_by">2</enrichment>
    <author>Dennis Ochs</author>
    <author>Kira-Kristin Wehnert</author>
    <author>Jürgen Hartmann</author>
    <author>Andreas Schiffler</author>
    <author>Jan Schmitt</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="fang">Fakultät für angewandte Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="fe">Fakultät Elektrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="fm">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="fwi">Fakultät Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="671">Metallverarbeitung und Rohprodukte aus Metall</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="idee">Institut Digital Engineering (IDEE)</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Würzburg-Schweinfurt</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2988</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>298</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>299</pageLast>
    <pageNumber>2</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">C7. 4 Application of Laser Line Scanners for Quality Control during Selective Laser Melting (SLM)</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">SMSI 2021-System of Units and Metreological Infrastructure</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.data">@articlewehnert2021c7, title=C7. 4 Application of Laser Line Scanners for Quality Control during Selective Laser Melting (SLM), author=Wehnert, K and Schäfer, S and Schmitt, J and Schiffler, A, journal=SMSI 2021-System of Units and Metreological Infrastructure, pages=298–299, year=2021</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2023-06-13T12:32:02+00:00</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.import.id">648861c2a3cdd4.16940320</enrichment>
    <author>Kira-Kristin Wehnert</author>
    <author>S Schäfer</author>
    <author>Jan Schmitt</author>
    <author>Andreas Schiffler</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="fwi">Fakultät Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="idee">Institut Digital Engineering (IDEE)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1934</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>684</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>689</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>98</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevir</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2021-09-20</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Reducing Lifecycle Costs due to Profile Scanning of the Powder Bed in Metal Printing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">First time right is one major goal in powder based 3D metal printing. Reaching this goal is driven by reducing life cycle costs for quality measures, to minimize scrap rate and to increase productivity under optimal resource efficiency. Therefore, monitoring the state of the powder bed for each printed layer is state of the art in selective laser melting. In the most modern approaches the quality monitoring is done by computer vision systems working with an interference on trained neural networks with images taken after exposure and after recoating. There are two drawbacks of this monitoring method: First, the sensor signals - the image of the powder bed - give no direct height information. Second, the application of this method needs to be trained and labeled with reference images for several cases. The novel approach presented in this paper uses a laser line scanner attached to the recoating machine. With this new concept, a direct threshold measure can be applied during the recoating process to detect deviations in height level without prior knowledge. The evaluation can be done online during recoating and feedback to the controller to monitor each individual layer. Hence, in case of deviations the location in the printing plane is an inherent measurement and will be used to decide which severity of error is reported. The signal is used to control the process, either by starting the recoating process again or stopping the printing process. With this approach, the sources of error for each layer can be evaluated with deep information to evaluate the cause of the error. This allows a reduction of failure in the future, which saves material costs, reduces running time of the machine life cycle phase in serial production and results in less rework for manufactured parts. Also a shorter throughput time per print job results, which means that the employee can spent more time to other print jobs and making efficient use of the employee’s work force. In summary, this novel approach will not only reduce material costs but also operating costs and thus optimize the entire life cycle cost structure. The paper presents a first feasibility and application of the described approach for test workpieces in comparison to conventional monitoring systems on an EOS M290 machine.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia CIRP 98</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.175</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="review.accepted_by">2</enrichment>
    <author>Kira-Kristin Wehnert</author>
    <author>Dennis Ochs</author>
    <author>Jan Schmitt</author>
    <author>Jürgen Hartmann</author>
    <author>Andreas Schiffler</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="fang">Fakultät für angewandte Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="fe">Fakultät Elektrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="fm">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="fwi">Fakultät Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen</collection>
    <collection role="Regensburger_Klassifikation" number="U">Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="671">Metallverarbeitung und Rohprodukte aus Metall</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="idee">Institut Digital Engineering (IDEE)</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Würzburg-Schweinfurt</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
</export-example>
