@incollection{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Ber{\"u}hrungslose Temperaturmessung an Verbrennungsgasen bei hohen Temperaturen und hohen Dr{\"u}cken}, series = {20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, booktitle = {20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, isbn = {978-3-9819376-0-2}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften W{\"u}rzburg-Schweinfurt}, pages = {183 -- 190}, abstract = {Station{\"a}re Gasturbinen sind von großer Bedeutung f{\"u}r die heutige Energieversorgung. Der Wirkungsgrad einer Gasturbine steigt mit zunehmender Heißgastemperatur an. Turbinenhersteller bzw. Kraftwerksbetreiber sind daher bestrebt, Turbinen bei der h{\"o}chsten materialtechnisch m{\"o}glichen Heißgastemperatur einzusetzen. Eine entsprechende Prozessoptimierung des Turbinenbetriebs setzt somit die exakte Kenntnis der Gastemperaturen w{\"a}hrend des Betriebs und damit eine verl{\"a}ssliche Messung derselben voraus. Zur Messung der Gastemperatur werden derzeit in der Regel Thermoelemente unmittelbar im Abgasstrom platziert. Aufgrund der dort vorherrschenden extremen Bedingungen degradieren diese Sensoren allerdings sehr schnell. Ein alternativer Ansatz sieht die Entwicklung eines ber{\"u}hrungslosen Messverfahrens auf der Grundlage von Strahlungsthermometern vor. F{\"u}r die Umsetzung dieses Vorhabens ist die genaue Kenntnis des Verhaltens der infrarot-optischen Emissions- und Transmissionsspektren der im Abgasstrom enthaltenen Gase bei hohen Temperaturen und Dr{\"u}cken eine wesentliche Voraussetzung. Aus diesem Grund wurde am ZAE Bayern eine Hochtemperatur-Hochdruck-Gaszelle entwickelt, die es in Verbindung mit einem FTIR-Spektrometer erlaubt, Gase und Gasgemische hinsichtlich dieser Gesichtspunkte zu charakterisieren. In dieser Arbeit wird die neue Messapparatur vorgestellt und Gasgemische, die f{\"u}r die Turbinenanwendungen relevant sind, werden analysiert. Zur Identifizierung eines geeigneten Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereichs f{\"u}r die geplante ber{\"u}hrungslose Temperaturmessung wurden erste Messungen durchgef{\"u}hrt, auf deren Grundlage ein ad{\"a}quater Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereich ermittelt werden konnte.}, language = {de} } @incollection{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Knopp, Kevin and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Schmidt, Franz and Brunner, Martin and M{\"u}ller, Michael}, title = {Experimental set-up for dynamic material investigation at high temperatures}, series = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 19th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, booktitle = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 19th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4683-5}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften W{\"u}rzburg-Schweinfurt}, pages = {516 -- 519}, abstract = {Energy efficiency and operation safety in energy conversion, process technology, and aerospace engineering requires advanced material investigation, in particular at high temperatures to characterize the materials and components. Additionally, modern additive manufacturing methods, in particular the 3D metal laser printer requires a detailed control of the melting temperature. Many applications are based on a layered structures, e.g. thermal barrier coatings in gas turbines. Also components manufactured by additive manufacturing pose a layered structure. In these structures the mechanical contact between the layers and to the substrate is of high interest. Besides, the complete characterisation of the additive manufactured component is important for its later application. To cope with these new demands, the University of Applied Sciences Wuerzburg - Schweinfurt (FHWS) and the Bavarian Center for Applied …}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Entwicklung und Test eines langwelligen Strahlungsthermometers zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen Temperaturmessung in Gasturbinen w{\"a}hrend des Betriebs}, series = {tm - Technisches Messen}, volume = {85}, journal = {tm - Technisches Messen}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag}, address = {Berlin/Boston}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2017-0077}, pages = {28 -- 39}, abstract = {The aim of this work was the development of a long wavelength infrared radiation thermometer for the non-contact measurement of surface temperatures in stationary gas turbines during operation within the EU-project „Sensors Towards Advanced Monitoring and Control of Gas Turbine Engines (acronym STARGATE)". In this work, the infrared-optical properties of the thermal barrier coatings and the combustion gases were determined at ZAE Bayern at high temperatures up to 1600 K and pressures up to 13 bar. Based on these experimental characterizations, a suitable spectral range could be identified which lies around 10 μm for the long-wavelength infrared radiation thermometer. According to these findings, a laboratory setup with suitable optical components (filters, IR-fibers, etc.) was firstly realized and verified. Subsequently, a prototype for measurements in gas turbines during operation of the turbines has …}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Development and validation of a long wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation thermometer for contactless temperature measurements in gas turbines during operation}, series = {EVI-GTI and PIWG Joint Conference on Gas Turbine Instrumentation}, booktitle = {EVI-GTI and PIWG Joint Conference on Gas Turbine Instrumentation}, publisher = {IET}, pages = {1 -- 26}, abstract = {A collection of slides from the author's conference presentation is given. The presentation introduces the infrared-optical characterization of thermal barrier coatings and the development of LWIR pyrometer for measuring temperature in an operating gas turbine. The test facility for evaluating the LWIR pyrometer is also presented. This presentation includes the experimental setup for LWIR calibration and measurement.}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Infrared-optical characterization of emitting and absorbing gases at high temperatures and high pressures}, series = {High Temperatures - High Pressures}, volume = {47}, journal = {High Temperatures - High Pressures}, number = {1}, pages = {3 -- 21}, abstract = {In the context of the optimization of stationary gas turbines, the surface temperatures of the turbine blades have to be measured by a non-contact technique using radiation thermometers during operation of the turbine. Nowadays turbine blades are protected by thermal barrier coatings. The infrared-optical properties of these coatings require the usage of the MIR or LWIR region for non-contact measurement of the surface temperatures. For performing such measurements and for properly analyzing the derived data, the transmission and absorption spectra of the combustion gas mixture within the turbine were determined at the local conditions during operation of the turbine. Therefore, subject of this work is the measurement of the transmission spectra of carbon dioxide and water vapor at high temperatures and high pressures to identify a wavelength range, which is almost free of absorption and emission effects. In …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraArduini, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Arduini, Mariacarla}, title = {A Novel Approach for Non-Destructive Testing of the Adhesion of Thermal Barrier Coatings}, publisher = {The Future of Gas Turbine Technology ; 8 th International Gas Turbine Conference}, address = {Br{\"u}ssel (Belgien)}, pages = {12 -- 13}, abstract = {The operation temperatures of gas turbine engines have been increased significantly to optimize their efficiency factor. To protect the metallic blades from these high temperatures, thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are applied onto the turbine blades. These layers must have a good adhesion to the supporting turbine blade. A poor adhesion may lead to a delamination of the layer during operation and finally to a destruction of the turbine blade and eventually the complete turbine. It is therefore necessary, to check the quality of the layer adhesion regularly during service or preferably during operation. Approaches for non-contact and nondestructive techniques by using optical or infrared radiation are not sophisticated up to now. Hence in this paper a new attempt to improve these optical or infrared-optical methods is described. The presented idea relies on the application of different wavelengths for the used measurement system. Using a short wavelength range, where the TBC is semitransparent, allows the measurement of the temperature of the turbine blade. Using a second, long wavelength range where the TBC is non-transparent, the temperature of the surface of the TBC can be determined. As the thermal contact is usually correlated with the mechanical adhesion such measurements can be a possible tool for nondestructively testing the adhesion of TBCs.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraMehling, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Mehling, H.}, title = {The role of the index of refraction in the generation and propagation of blackbody radiation}, address = {Funchal (Portugal)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraEbertetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Lenhart-Rydzek, M. and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew}, title = {LWIR pyrometry for the measurement of thermal barrier coatings within the EU project STARGATE}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannLenhartRydzekStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Lenhart-Rydzek, M. and Stark, Thomas and Arduini-Schuster, Mariacarla and Manara, Jochen}, title = {Enhanced measuring technique to determine the angle dependent surface emittance from 200 °C up to 1600 °C}, address = {Funchal (Portugal)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U.}, title = {Experimental set-up for dynamic material investigation}, address = {Graz ({\"O}sterreich)}, language = {en} }