@article{HerrmannNassLemmichetal.2014, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Naß, Felix and Lemmich, Sebastian and Wachter, Florian}, title = {Untersuchungen zur Heizzeitreduzierung bei der Herstellung von dickwandigen Gummibauteilen}, series = {FHWS Science Journal}, volume = {2 (2014)}, journal = {FHWS Science Journal}, number = {1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-1061}, pages = {84 -- 97}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Die Untersuchung besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit einer neuen Spritzgießtechnologie zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus Elastomeren. Mit dieser Technologie sind k{\"u}rzere Zykluszeiten bei gleichbleibenden Bauteileigenschaften m{\"o}glich. Die H{\"o}he der Heizzeitreduzierung h{\"a}ngt von der Art der Bestimmung derselben ab und wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit auf unterschiedliche Weise quantitativ bestimmt. Je nach Verfahrensparameter und Bestimmungsmethode treten Heizzeitreduzierungen von maximal etwa 40 \% auf. Weiterhin werden Untersuchungen an den hergestellten Bauteilen durchgef{\"u}hrt, welche die Interpretation des Ausmaßes und der Qualit{\"a}t der Vernetzungsdichte {\"u}ber dem Probenquerschnitt erlauben. Es k{\"o}nnen deutliche Heizzeiteinsparungen bei mindestens gleichbleibenden und teilweise homogeneren Vernetzungsdichten {\"u}ber dem Querschnitt eines dickwandigen Elastomerbauteils attestiert werden.}, language = {de} } @article{Herrmann, author = {Herrmann, Volker}, title = {Moderne Elastomere}, series = {Ingenieurspiegel}, journal = {Ingenieurspiegel}, number = {3}, pages = {100 -- 101}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannUnseldKlugetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Unseld, K. and Klug, A. and Fuchs, H.B.}, title = {Characterization of Carbon-Black Loaded Rubbers by the Use of the Dynamic Indentation Method}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {53}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {644 -- 650}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannSchneider, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Schneider, K.}, title = {Semi-quantitative mechanical characterisation of fibre composites in the sub-micron-range by SFM}, series = {Composites A}, volume = {32}, journal = {Composites A}, pages = {1679 -- 1687}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannUnseldAlbohretal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Unseld, K. and Albohr, O. and Fuchs, H.B.}, title = {New Indentation Methods for the Characterisation of Elastomer Composites}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {53}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {52 -- 58}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannUnseldFuchs, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Unseld, K. and Fuchs, H.B.}, title = {Investigation of Inhomogeneous Elastomers}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {53}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {518 -- 527}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannUnseldFuchs, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Unseld, K. and Fuchs, H.B.}, title = {Homogeneity of Fillers Loaded Rubbers Investigated by the Dynamic Indentation Method}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {54}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {592 -- 598}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannUnseldFuchs, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Unseld, K. and Fuchs, H.B.}, title = {Dynamisch-mechanische Eindringversuche an inhomogenen Elastomersystemen}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {54}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {397 -- 402}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannUnseldFuchs, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Unseld, K. and Fuchs, H.B.}, title = {The scale behavior of fillers in elastomers by means of indentation tests}, series = {Colloid and Polymer Science}, volume = {280}, journal = {Colloid and Polymer Science}, pages = {267 -- 273}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannUnseldFuchs, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Unseld, K. and Fuchs, H.B.}, title = {Kraftmikroskopische Untersuchungen inhomogener Elastomersysteme}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {54}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {453 -- 457}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannUnseldFuchs, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Unseld, K. and Fuchs, H.B.}, title = {Erratum: Homogeneity of Fillers Loaded Rubbers Investigated by the Dynamic Indentation Method}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {55}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {47}, language = {en} } @incollection{HerrmannMoegingerUnseld, author = {Herrmann, Volker and M{\"o}ginger, Bernhard and Unseld, Claus}, title = {Quasi Static Indentation Measurements: A Tool for Micromechanical Investigations of Interfaces in Polymer Materials}, series = {Forschungsspitzen und Spitzenforschung}, booktitle = {Forschungsspitzen und Spitzenforschung}, editor = {Zacharias, Christoph}, publisher = {Physica}, address = {Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-7908-2126-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2127-7_28}, pages = {315 -- 327}, abstract = {The ongoing miniaturization, multi-layer structure parts and hybrid parts require methods to determine mechanical properties on a micro-scale. However, there is a gap in measuring techniques. On one hand there are the classical methods to measure hardness e.g. VICKERS, ROCKWELL, UNIVERSAL, IRHD etc having resolutions typically above 100μm. On the other hand there are well-developed AFM methods that allow for the determination of mechanical properties in the nanometer range. This paper describes an indentation technique that yields data of mechanical properties in the micrometer range between typically 5 to 50 μm. The measuring device and the data evaluation is presented. Results of micro-mechanical mapping are shown for NR-SBR rubber interfaces, a fuel tank and a part manufactured by two component injection moulding. Finally, the measured micro-mechanical stiffness is compared to the YOUNG's modulus of the corresponding materials.}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannMoegingerUnseld, author = {Herrmann, Volker and M{\"o}ginger, Bernhard and Unseld, Claus}, title = {Quasi-static Indentation Measurements: A Tool for Micro-mechanical Investigations of Interfaces in Polymer Materials}, series = {International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization}, volume = {11}, journal = {International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization}, number = {6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10236660600980250}, pages = {405 -- 418}, abstract = {The ongoing use of miniaturization, multi layer structure parts, and hybrid parts requires methods to determine mechanical properties on a micro scale. However, there is a gap in measuring techniques. On one hand there are the classical methods to measure hardness, e.g., Vickers, Rockwell, Universal, and IRHD, having resolutions typically above 100 µm. On the other hand, there are well-developed AFM methods that allow for the determination of mechanical properties in the nanometer range. This article describes an indentation technique that yields data of mechanical properties in the micrometer range between typically 5 and 50 µm. The measuring device and the data evaluation are presented. Results of micro-mechanical mapping are shown for NR-SBR rubber interfaces, a fuel tank, and a part manufactured by two-component injection molding. Finally, the measured micro-mechanical stiffness is compared to the Young's modulus of the corresponding materials.}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannMoldovanFecheteetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Moldovan, Dumitrita and Fechete, Radu and Demco, Dan Eugen and Culea, Eugen and Bl{\"u}mich, Bernhard and Heinz, Manfred}, title = {Heterogeneity of Nanofilled EPDM Elastomers Investigated by Inverse Laplace Transform 1H NMR Relaxometry and Rheometry}, series = {Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics}, volume = {211}, journal = {Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics}, number = {14}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201000086}, pages = {1579 -- 1594}, abstract = {The heterogeneous effects due to filler interactions and chain dynamics of reinforcing nano-filler particles were characterized on a series of filled EPDM elastomers using the Payne effect and low field NMR, 1H transverse (T2), longitudinal (T1) and longitudinal in rotating frame (T1ρ) relaxation time measurements. Measurement of the Payne effect and NMR relaxation curves were used to obtain the distribution of filler/filler interactions and chain dynamics by one-dimensional Laplace inversion. Distributions of shear-strain constants in the Payne effect reveal the existence of weak, medium and strong filler/filler interactions which were correlated to filler properties and content. The analysis of relaxation-time distributions leads to the identification of multimodal polymer network dynamics.}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannMoldovanFecheteetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Moldovan, Dumitrita and Fechete, Radu and Demco, Dan Eugen and Culea, Eugen and Bl{\"u}mich, Bernhard and Heinz, Manfred}, title = {The heterogeneity of segmental dynamics of filled EPDM by 1H transverse relaxation NMR}, series = {J. Magn. Res.}, volume = {208}, journal = {J. Magn. Res.}, number = {1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2010.10.019}, pages = {156 -- 162}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannNiedermeier, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Niedermeier, W.}, title = {Interpretation of Filler Networking of Loaded Rubbers via Mastercurves}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {63}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {559 -- 564}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannPradoGasperetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Prado, P.J. and Gasper, L. and Fink, G. and Bl{\"u}mich, Bernhard and Unseld, K. and Fuchs, H.B. and M{\"o}hler, H. and R{\"u}hl, M.}, title = {The interface between covulcanized rubber sheets by NMR imaging, scanning FTIR spectroscopy, and mechanical indentation mapping}, series = {Materials and Engineering}, volume = {274}, journal = {Materials and Engineering}, pages = {13 -- 19}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannBluemichAnferovaetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Bl{\"u}mich, Bernhard and Anferova, S. and Kremer, K. and Sharma, S. and Segre, A.}, title = {Unilateral Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Quality Control: The NMR-MOUSE®}, series = {Spectroscopy}, volume = {18}, journal = {Spectroscopy}, number = {73}, pages = {18 -- 32}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannFuelberBluemichetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and F{\"u}lber, C. and Bl{\"u}mich, Bernhard and Unseld, K. and Jakob, K.H.}, title = {In situ investigation of SBR vulcanization}, series = {Colloid and Polymer Science}, journal = {Colloid and Polymer Science}, number = {274}, pages = {191 -- 196}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannUnseldFuchsetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Unseld, K. and Fuchs, H.B. and Bl{\"u}mich, Bernhard}, title = {Molecular Dynamics of Elastomers investigated by DMTA and the NMR-MOUSE®}, series = {Colloid and Polymer Science}, volume = {280}, journal = {Colloid and Polymer Science}, pages = {758 -- 764}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannFuelberBluemichetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and F{\"u}lber, C. and Bl{\"u}mich, Bernhard and Unseld, K.}, title = {NMR Imaging of Thermal-Oxidative Aging in SBR}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {48}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, number = {4}, pages = {254 -- 259}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannUnseldBoehneretal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Unseld, K. and B{\"o}hner, Th. and Bl{\"u}mich, Bernhard}, title = {Application of NMR in the Tire Industry}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {57}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {22 -- 27}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannNassLemmichetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Naß, Felix and Lemmich, Sebastian and Wachter, Florian}, title = {Einfluss des EFE-Spritzsystems auf Heizzeitreduzierung und Eigenschaften der gespritzten Bauteile - Teil 1: „Betrachtung der Heizzeitreduzierung {\"u}ber reaktionskinetische Berechnung und begleitende Untersuchungen zu Bauteil- und Vernetzungsdichte mittels NMR-Bildgebung"}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {66}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {37 -- 42}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannNassLemmichetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Naß, Felix and Lemmich, Sebastian and Wachter, Florian}, title = {Einfluss des EFE-Spritzsystems auf Heizzeitreduzierung und Eigenschaften der gespritzten Bauteile - Teil 3: „Absch{\"a}tzung der Scherenergie und Einfluss der Drossel auf ausgew{\"a}hlte Eigenschaften der gespritzten Bauteile"}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {66}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {180 -- 184}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannNassLemmichetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Naß, Felix and Lemmich, Sebastian and Wachter, Florian}, title = {Einfluss des EFE-Spritzsystems auf Heizzeitreduzierung und Eigenschaften der gespritzten Bauteile - Teil 2: „Einfluss der Verfahrensparameter des Spritzgießprozesses auf die Heizzeitreduzierung"}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {66}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {108 -- 112}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannHeinrich, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Heinrich, A.}, title = {Influence of the modification of ground truck tyres as an additive on the properties of a truck tread compound}, series = {International Polymer Science and Technology}, volume = {44}, journal = {International Polymer Science and Technology}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1177/0307174X1704400501}, pages = {T/1 -- T/9}, abstract = {Commercially available ground tyre rubber (GTR) made exclusively from post-consumer truck tyres was mixed into a typical truck tyre tread compound. As already shown in a previous study, this leads to a distinct deterioration in properties. The goal of the present investigation was to minimise these property losses through modification of the GTR in terms of processing methods. Modification methods already documented in the literature were used, e.g. application of sulphur and crosslinking agents to the GTR and the use of trans-polyoctenamer as well as liquid polymers, which in principle provide the potential for crosslinking of the GTR and polymer matrix through the availability of double bonds. For some methods of modification, small improvements are observed in comparison with the unmodified GTR. However, none of the GTR modifications reaches the level of the reference compound without GTR. An economic estimate for the modification with the highest potential for technical success shows that, in practice, considerable costs must be expected.}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannSchulz, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Schulz, A.}, title = {Der Einfluss von Lkw-Reifenmehl als Additiv auf die Eigenschaften einer Lkw-Lauffl{\"a}chenmischung}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {69}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {698 -- 705}, abstract = {Commercially available ground tire rubber (GRT) was mixed into a typical truck tire tread compound. The GRT originated from postconsumer truck tires and differed in the manufacturing process (cryogenic and warm grinding, resp.) as well as the ageing state. Regardless of the grinding process type, the vulcanizates containing GRT became softer, mechanical properties and the abrasion resistance worse and the Payne effect decreased. Additional artificial ageing of the GRT showed no further effects regarding property changes when adding GRT. Based on the vulcameter curves it could be seen, that the curing behaviour of the compounds changed and the crosslink density of the matrix obviously decreased by adding GRT. Additional !'jXRF images and measurements for dynamic local indentation indicated increased sulphur content inside the GRT particles.}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannHeinrich, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Heinrich, A.}, title = {Einfluss der Modifikation von LKW-Reifenmehl als Additiv auf die Eigenschaften einer LKW-Lauffl{\"a}chenmischung}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {70}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {88 -- 95}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannSpeyerLeiber, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Speyer, Y. and Leiber, J.}, title = {Herstellung und Verarbeitung von sortenreinem Gummimehl im Labormaßstab}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {70}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {240 -- 247}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannBlank, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Blank, A.}, title = {Dehnungsverhalten von Elastomeren mit Gummimehl}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {70}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {726 -- 736}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannHanningKreyenschmidtetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Hanning, S. and Kreyenschmidt, M. and Wolff, A. and Ludwig, D. and Ludwig, J.}, title = {Untersuchungen zur Diffusion des Schwefels in Rezyklat-Kautschukmischungen - Teil 2: Schwefeldiffusion in Mischungen mit Gummimehl}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {71}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {340 -- 349}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannHanningKreyenschmidt, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Hanning, S. and Kreyenschmidt, M.}, title = {Untersuchungen zur Diffusion des Schwefels in Rezyklat-Kautschukmischungen - Teil 1: Bestimmung des Diffusionskoeffizienten}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {71}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {232 -- 241}, language = {de} } @article{BeckMaagHerrmann, author = {Beck, M. and Maag, M. and Herrmann, Volker}, title = {Konstruktion einer Entropie-Wippe zur Darstellung der Entropieelastizit{\"a}t}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {72}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {382 -- 385}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannSchulz, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Schulz, A.}, title = {Influence of ground truck tires as an additive on the properties of a truck tread compound}, series = {Rubber Fibres Plastics RFP}, volume = {13}, journal = {Rubber Fibres Plastics RFP}, pages = {24 -- 30}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannWekerle, author = {Herrmann, Volker and Wekerle, A.}, title = {Modification of Ground Rubber with Conventional Fillers by Process Engineering}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {72}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {52 -- 58}, language = {en} } @article{HerrmannSuhlFroschetal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Suhl, L. and Frosch, S. and Endres, H.}, title = {Entwicklung eines Dynamisch-Mechanischen Indentationsmessger{\"a}ts zur Charakterisierung von Elastomeroberfl{\"a}chen auf der Mikrometerskala (µ-DMI)}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {75}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {30 -- 37}, language = {de} } @article{HerrmannFroschMaslowskietal., author = {Herrmann, Volker and Frosch, S. and Maslowski, T. and Werner, D.}, title = {Einsatz von definiertem Gummimehl aus NR und SBR in unterschiedlichen Matrixwerkstoffen}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, volume = {74}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe GAK}, pages = {200 -- 207}, language = {de} } @article{NeckermannHerrmann, author = {Neckermann, T. and Herrmann, Volker}, title = {Simulation der Diffusion von Schwefel in Kautschukmischungen mit Gummimehl}, series = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe}, volume = {73}, journal = {Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe}, pages = {242 -- 246}, language = {de} } @article{Herrmann, author = {Herrmann, Volker}, title = {Nachhaltigkeit in der Gummi- und Reifenindustrie}, series = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, volume = {76}, journal = {Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe}, pages = {8 -- 9}, language = {de} } @article{FroschHerrmannGrunertetal., author = {Frosch, Stefan and Herrmann, Volker and Grunert, F. and Blume, A.}, title = {Quantification of sulfur distribution on rubber surfaces by means of μ-X-ray fluorescence analysis}, series = {Polymer Testing}, volume = {128}, journal = {Polymer Testing}, number = {108237}, doi = {10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108237}, abstract = {A homogeneous distribution of sulfur in a rubber compound is often desired. Spatially resolved imaging techniques are useful for evaluating the distribution of this crosslinking chemical. Typical measurement methods such as SEM (scanning electron microscopy) or TEM (transmission electron microscopy) have very high resolutions. However, the sample size or the maximum area to be investigated is limited, which makes it difficult to obtain a statistically reliable determination of sulfur homogeneity across the component or sample. In this work, an alternative measurement technique is therefore presented: the μ-XRF (μ-X-ray fluorescence analysis). With the help of this method, it is possible to scan surfaces of several cm2 and to show the distribution of different chemical elements. Its measuring principle has been known for decades but has hardly been used in the rubber industry so far. The main reason for this is that its quantification process for polymeric samples is more complex than for geologic or metallic samples, which are typically been investigated with μ-XRF to date. In this paper, this issue is addressed and a solution is presented: With the help of the fundamental parameter method, the determination of sulfur homogeneity and distribution on rubber surfaces becomes possible. This opens up a variety of further possibilities for the use of μ-XRF in the rubber industry: For example, it could be used in areas of tire production, recycling of end-of-life rubber, and beyond.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Herrmann, author = {Herrmann, Volker}, title = {{\"U}berlegungen und Ergebnisse zur intrinsischen Deformation von Elastomeren mit Gummimehl}, series = {113. Tagung der Regionalgruppe S{\"u}d der Deutschen Kautschuk Gesellschaft DKG, W{\"u}rzburg}, booktitle = {113. Tagung der Regionalgruppe S{\"u}d der Deutschen Kautschuk Gesellschaft DKG, W{\"u}rzburg}, language = {de} }