@incollection{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Ber{\"u}hrungslose Temperaturmessung an Verbrennungsgasen bei hohen Temperaturen und hohen Dr{\"u}cken}, series = {20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, booktitle = {20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, isbn = {978-3-9819376-0-2}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften W{\"u}rzburg-Schweinfurt}, pages = {183 -- 190}, abstract = {Station{\"a}re Gasturbinen sind von großer Bedeutung f{\"u}r die heutige Energieversorgung. Der Wirkungsgrad einer Gasturbine steigt mit zunehmender Heißgastemperatur an. Turbinenhersteller bzw. Kraftwerksbetreiber sind daher bestrebt, Turbinen bei der h{\"o}chsten materialtechnisch m{\"o}glichen Heißgastemperatur einzusetzen. Eine entsprechende Prozessoptimierung des Turbinenbetriebs setzt somit die exakte Kenntnis der Gastemperaturen w{\"a}hrend des Betriebs und damit eine verl{\"a}ssliche Messung derselben voraus. Zur Messung der Gastemperatur werden derzeit in der Regel Thermoelemente unmittelbar im Abgasstrom platziert. Aufgrund der dort vorherrschenden extremen Bedingungen degradieren diese Sensoren allerdings sehr schnell. Ein alternativer Ansatz sieht die Entwicklung eines ber{\"u}hrungslosen Messverfahrens auf der Grundlage von Strahlungsthermometern vor. F{\"u}r die Umsetzung dieses Vorhabens ist die genaue Kenntnis des Verhaltens der infrarot-optischen Emissions- und Transmissionsspektren der im Abgasstrom enthaltenen Gase bei hohen Temperaturen und Dr{\"u}cken eine wesentliche Voraussetzung. Aus diesem Grund wurde am ZAE Bayern eine Hochtemperatur-Hochdruck-Gaszelle entwickelt, die es in Verbindung mit einem FTIR-Spektrometer erlaubt, Gase und Gasgemische hinsichtlich dieser Gesichtspunkte zu charakterisieren. In dieser Arbeit wird die neue Messapparatur vorgestellt und Gasgemische, die f{\"u}r die Turbinenanwendungen relevant sind, werden analysiert. Zur Identifizierung eines geeigneten Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereichs f{\"u}r die geplante ber{\"u}hrungslose Temperaturmessung wurden erste Messungen durchgef{\"u}hrt, auf deren Grundlage ein ad{\"a}quater Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereich ermittelt werden konnte.}, language = {de} } @incollection{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Knopp, Kevin and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Schmidt, Franz and Brunner, Martin and M{\"u}ller, Michael}, title = {Experimental set-up for dynamic material investigation at high temperatures}, series = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 19th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, booktitle = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 19th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4683-5}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften W{\"u}rzburg-Schweinfurt}, pages = {516 -- 519}, abstract = {Energy efficiency and operation safety in energy conversion, process technology, and aerospace engineering requires advanced material investigation, in particular at high temperatures to characterize the materials and components. Additionally, modern additive manufacturing methods, in particular the 3D metal laser printer requires a detailed control of the melting temperature. Many applications are based on a layered structures, e.g. thermal barrier coatings in gas turbines. Also components manufactured by additive manufacturing pose a layered structure. In these structures the mechanical contact between the layers and to the substrate is of high interest. Besides, the complete characterisation of the additive manufactured component is important for its later application. To cope with these new demands, the University of Applied Sciences Wuerzburg - Schweinfurt (FHWS) and the Bavarian Center for Applied …}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Entwicklung und Test eines langwelligen Strahlungsthermometers zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen Temperaturmessung in Gasturbinen w{\"a}hrend des Betriebs}, series = {tm - Technisches Messen}, volume = {85}, journal = {tm - Technisches Messen}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag}, address = {Berlin/Boston}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2017-0077}, pages = {28 -- 39}, abstract = {The aim of this work was the development of a long wavelength infrared radiation thermometer for the non-contact measurement of surface temperatures in stationary gas turbines during operation within the EU-project „Sensors Towards Advanced Monitoring and Control of Gas Turbine Engines (acronym STARGATE)". In this work, the infrared-optical properties of the thermal barrier coatings and the combustion gases were determined at ZAE Bayern at high temperatures up to 1600 K and pressures up to 13 bar. Based on these experimental characterizations, a suitable spectral range could be identified which lies around 10 μm for the long-wavelength infrared radiation thermometer. According to these findings, a laboratory setup with suitable optical components (filters, IR-fibers, etc.) was firstly realized and verified. Subsequently, a prototype for measurements in gas turbines during operation of the turbines has …}, language = {de} } @article{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Infrared-optical characterization of emitting and absorbing gases at high temperatures and high pressures}, series = {High Temperatures - High Pressures}, volume = {47}, journal = {High Temperatures - High Pressures}, number = {1}, pages = {3 -- 21}, abstract = {In the context of the optimization of stationary gas turbines, the surface temperatures of the turbine blades have to be measured by a non-contact technique using radiation thermometers during operation of the turbine. Nowadays turbine blades are protected by thermal barrier coatings. The infrared-optical properties of these coatings require the usage of the MIR or LWIR region for non-contact measurement of the surface temperatures. For performing such measurements and for properly analyzing the derived data, the transmission and absorption spectra of the combustion gas mixture within the turbine were determined at the local conditions during operation of the turbine. Therefore, subject of this work is the measurement of the transmission spectra of carbon dioxide and water vapor at high temperatures and high pressures to identify a wavelength range, which is almost free of absorption and emission effects. In …}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark and Hodge, D.}, title = {Long wavelength infrared radiation thermometry for non-contact temperature measurements in gas turbines}, series = {Infrared Physics \& Technology}, journal = {Infrared Physics \& Technology}, number = {80}, pages = {120 -- 130}, abstract = {The objective of the EU project "Sensors Towards Advanced Monitoring and Control of Gas Turbine Engines (acronym STARGATE)" is the development of a suite of advanced sensors, instrumentation and related systems in order to contribute to the developing of the next generation of green and efficient gas turbine engines. One work package of the project deals with the design and development of a long wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation thermometer for the non-contact measurement of the surface temperature of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) during the operation of gas turbine engines. For opaque surfaces (e.g. metals or superalloys) radiation thermometers which are sensitive in the near or short wavelength infrared are used as state-of-the-art method for non-contact temperature measurements. But this is not suitable for oxide ceramic based TBCs (e.g. partially yttria stabilized zirconia) as oxide ceramics …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz and Brunner, Martin}, title = {Optische Sensorik f{\"u}r die additive Fertigung}, series = {Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, booktitle = {Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, address = {N{\"u}rnberg}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Construction, Calibration and Application of a LWIR Pyrometer within the EU Project STARGATE}, address = {Zakopane (Polen)}, abstract = {The EU project STARGATE (Sensors Towards Advanced Monitoring and Control of Gas Turbine Engines) has the headline objective to develop a suite of advanced sensors, instrumentation and related systems in order to contribute to the development of the next generation of green and efficient gas turbine engines. To increase the efficiency of gas turbines higher combustion temperatures and higher turbine inlet temperatures are required. This implies that turbine blades and vanes are exposed to higher temperatures. Advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) based on ceramic materials protect the components from overheating and ensure mechanical integrity. Still, materials and coatings need to be stressed to their limits to reach the challenging goals of an efficiency increase. Under these circumstances, it is crucial to have sensing techniques available that are capable of accurately monitoring the temperature of turbine parts in order to prevent damages within the engine. The approach to overcome current limitations of existing techniques is to use long wavelength infrared (LWIR) pyrometry as TBCs are usually semi-transparent in the near or short wavelength infrared. Therefore one work package within the STARGATE project is dedicated to the development of a LWIR radiation thermometer to measure the surface temperature of TBCs contactless during operation of the gas turbine engines. The paper shortly gives an overview of the investigation performed within the STARGATE project. The construction, calibration and application of the LWIR radiation thermometer is described in detail and results obtained on a test facility are presented. The paper closes with an outlook on future plans of implementing the LWIR pyrometer in the quality system of gas turbine operation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Knopp, Kevin and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc}, title = {Hochtemperaturmessung und Materialuntersuchung f{\"u}r Energietechnik und additive Fertigungsverfahren}, address = {Dresden}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U.}, title = {Experimental set-up for dynamic material investigation}, address = {Graz ({\"O}sterreich)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Zipf, Matthias}, title = {Non-contact temperature measurement of combustion gases at high temperatures and high pressures}, address = {Graz ({\"O}sterreich)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and M{\"u}ller, Michael and Ebert, Hans-Peter and M{\"o}ller, F. and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc}, title = {Einsatz von Thermografieger{\"a}ten zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen Detektion der Haftungseigenschaften an keramischen W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmschichten}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark and Hodge, D.}, title = {Development of Long Wavelength Infrared Radiation Thermometry for Measurements in Gas Turbines}, address = {Darmstadt}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Identification of wavelength regions for non-contact temperature measurement of combustion gases at high temperatures and high pressures}, series = {High Temperatures - High Pressures}, volume = {49}, journal = {High Temperatures - High Pressures}, number = {3}, pages = {241 -- 260}, abstract = {Stationary gas turbines are still an important part of today's power supply. With increasing temperature of the hot combustion gas inside a gas turbine, the efficiency factor of the turbine increases. For this reason, it is intended to operate turbines at the highest possible gas temperature. Therefore, in the combustion chamber and especially at the position of the first stage guide vanes the gas temperature needs to be measured reliably. To determine the gas temperature, one promising approach is the application of a non-contact measurement method using a radiation thermometer. A radiation thermometer can measure the gas temperature remotely from outside of the harsh environment. At ZAE Bayern, a high temperature and high pressure gas cell has been developed for this purpose in order to investigate gases and gas mixtures under defined conditions at high pressures and high temperatures. This gas cell can …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and M{\"u}ller, Michael and M{\"o}ller, F. and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, F. and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Ochs, Dennis and Shandy, Amir}, title = {Non-contact detection of the adhesion properties of ceramic based thermal barrier coatings by determining the surface temperatures using thermography}, address = {Venedig (Italien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Brunner, Martin}, title = {Optische Sensorik f{\"u}r die additive Fertigung}, series = {4SMARTS 2019}, booktitle = {4SMARTS 2019}, isbn = {978-3-8440-6425-4}, pages = {105 -- 116}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {High temperature test-rig for emissvity and non-contact temperature measurements}, address = {Graz ({\"O}sterreich)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Non-Contact Temperature Measurement Of Combustion Gases at High Temperatures and High Pressures}, address = {Zakopane (Polen)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla}, title = {Ein Versuch zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen nicht-invasiven Qualifizierung der Haftung von W{\"a}rmeschutzschichten}, isbn = {978-3-944659-04-6}, pages = {71 -- 76}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Long Wavelength Infrared Radiation Thermometry for Non-Contact Temperature Measurements in Gas Turbines}, address = {London}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Entwicklung und Test eines langwelligen Strahlungsthermometers zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen Temperaturmessung in Gasturbinen w{\"a}hrend des Betriebs}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-944659-04-6}, pages = {43 -- 48}, language = {de} } @misc{HartmannKnoppZaengleinetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Brunner, Martin and M{\"u}ller, Michael}, title = {Messsystem f{\"u}r dynamische Materialuntersuchung bei hohen Temperaturen}, address = {N{\"u}rnberg}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Schmidt, Franz}, title = {Experimental set-up for dynamic material investigation at high-temperatures for power engineering and additive manufacturing}, address = {Freiburg}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Hemberger, Frank and Vidi, Stephan and Manara, Jochen and M{\"u}ller, Michael and M{\"o}ller, F.}, title = {Systematische thermophysikalische Charakterisierung von W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmschichten}, address = {N{\"u}rnberg}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz and Brunner, Martin}, title = {Optical Sensor systems for additive manufacturing}, address = {Chengdu (China)}, language = {en} } @article{BlotevogelHartmannRottengruberetal., author = {Blotevogel, Thomas and Hartmann, Matthias and Rottengruber, Hermann and Leipertz, Alfred}, title = {Tracer-based laser-induced fluorescence measurement technique for quantitative fuel/air-ratio measurements in a hydrogen internal combustion engine}, series = {Applied Optics}, volume = {47}, journal = {Applied Optics}, pages = {6488 -- 6496}, language = {en} } @incollection{BlotevogelGoldlueckeEgermannetal., author = {Blotevogel, Thomas and Goldl{\"u}cke, J{\"u}rgen and Egermann, Jan and Leipertz, Alfred and Hartmann, Matthias and Rottengruber, Hermann}, title = {Untersuchung der Gemischbildung von Gasmotoren mit Hilfe laseroptischer Messverfahren}, series = {Der Arbeitsprozess des Verbrennungsmotors (10. Tagung)}, booktitle = {Der Arbeitsprozess des Verbrennungsmotors (10. Tagung)}, editor = {Eichlseder, Helmut}, publisher = {Verlag der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Graz}, address = {Graz}, pages = {139 -- 166}, language = {de} } @article{HartmannReichlingMatthias, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Reichling, M. and Matthias, E.}, title = {Thermoreflectance measurements of single thermal barriers in CVD-diamond}, series = {Prog. in Nat. Sci.}, journal = {Prog. in Nat. Sci.}, number = {6}, pages = {297 -- 300}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannVoigtReichlingetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Voigt, P. and Reichling, M. and Matthias, E.}, title = {Photothermal measurement of thermal anisotropy in pyrolytic graphite}, series = {Appl. Phys. B}, journal = {Appl. Phys. B}, number = {62}, pages = {493 -- 497}, language = {en} } @article{BlotevogelEgermannGoldlueckeetal., author = {Blotevogel, Thomas and Egermann, Jan and Goldl{\"u}cke, J{\"u}rgen and Leipertz, Alfred and Hartmann, Matthias and Schenk, Martin and Berckmueller, Martin}, title = {Developing Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence for the Investigation of the Mixture Formation Process in Hydrogen Engines}, series = {SAE Paper}, journal = {SAE Paper}, number = {2004-01-1408}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark and Hodge, D.}, title = {Development of Long Wavelength Infrared Radiation Thermometry for Measurements in Gas Turbines}, address = {Darmstadt}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz and Brunner, Martin}, title = {Sensor systems for additive manufacturing}, publisher = {Key Note Lecture MSE 2018}, address = {Darmstadt}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannReichlingMatthias, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Reichling, M. and Matthias, E.}, title = {Thermoreflectance measurements of single thermal barriers in CVD-Diamond}, address = {Nanjing (China)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Development and validation of a long wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation thermometer for contactless temperature measurements in gas turbines during operation}, series = {EVI-GTI and PIWG Joint Conference on Gas Turbine Instrumentation}, booktitle = {EVI-GTI and PIWG Joint Conference on Gas Turbine Instrumentation}, publisher = {IET}, pages = {1 -- 26}, abstract = {A collection of slides from the author's conference presentation is given. The presentation introduces the infrared-optical characterization of thermal barrier coatings and the development of LWIR pyrometer for measuring temperature in an operating gas turbine. The test facility for evaluating the LWIR pyrometer is also presented. This presentation includes the experimental setup for LWIR calibration and measurement.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BraeuerKochWeikletal., author = {Br{\"a}uer, Andreas and Koch, Peter and Weikl, Markus and Blotevogel, Thomas and Kremer, Heiko and Hartmann, Matthias and Leipertz, Alfred}, title = {Optical Measurement Techniques for the Investigation of Mixture Formation and Combustion in Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines}, editor = {Eichlseder, H.}, publisher = {Verlag der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Graz}, address = {Graz}, isbn = {3902465514}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:863-opus-43353}, pages = {14}, abstract = {In this paper the applicability of different optical measurement techniques for species and temperature detection in internal combustion engines is discussed, especially for hydrogen combustion. The presented techniques cover the flame luminosity, the laser-induced fluorescence, laser Rayleigh scattering, spontaneous Raman scattering and non-linear Raman measurement techniques like coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. The potential of the 2-dimensional detection of hydrogen via spontaneous Raman scattering is discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BlotevogelEgermannGoldlueckeetal., author = {Blotevogel, Thomas and Egermann, Jan and Goldl{\"u}cke, J{\"u}rgen and Leipertz, Alfred and Hartmann, Matthias and Schenk, Martin and Berckm{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Untersuchungen zur Gemsichbildung in Wasserstoffmotoren}, editor = {Leipertz, Alfred}, publisher = {Esytec}, address = {Erlangen}, isbn = {3-931901-27-0}, pages = {12}, abstract = {Mittels der planaren laserinduzierten Fluoreszenz (PLIF) k{\"o}nnen im Brennraum eines Transparentmotors Messungen durchgef{\"u}hrt werden, die den Gemischbildungsprozess beim Wasserstoffmotor zweidimensional qualitativ darstellen. Auch quantitative Messungen und damit Aussagen {\"u}ber das Kraftstoff-Luft-Verh{\"a}ltnis im Brennraum sind m{\"o}glich. F{\"u}r diese Messungen wird ein Gasgemisch ans Helium und einer Tracersubstanz verwendet, und der Motor wird geschleppt. Bei Betrieb des Motors in der Teillast sind auch Messungen im gefeuerten Betrieb, d.h. mit Wasserstoff und zugesetzter Tracersubstanz, m{\"o}glich. Durch direkte Messung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Verh{\"a}ltnisses und der Wasserstoffkonzentration am befeuerten Aggregat mit Hilfe der Raman-Spektroskopie konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß mittels PLIF der Einstr{\"o}mvorgang qualitativ und das Kraftstoff-Luft-Verh{\"a}ltnis quantitativ grunds{\"a}tzlich richtig erfaßt werden. Qualitative und quantitative PLIF-Messungen sind prinzipiell nicht nur bei Wasserstoffmotoren, sondern auch bei Gasmotoren mit anderen Brenngasen denkbar. Allerdings sind noch weitere Arbeiten erforderlich, um den Quantifizierungsfehler deutlich abzusenken. Zuk{\"u}nftiges Verbesserungspotential f{\"u}r diese Meßtechnik besteht in verschiedenen Punkten. Dazu geh{\"o}rt die Optimierung und Anpassung der Mischstrecke zur Erzeugung des Gas-Luft-Gemisches mit definiertem Kraftstoff-Luft-Verh{\"a}ltnis an die jeweiligen Meßaufgaben, um den relativen Fehler des Lambda-Wertes noch weiter zu reduzieren. Eine Verringerung der Tracerkonzentration erscheint problemlos m{\"o}glich. Um das Problem der Hintergrundfluoreszenz zu l{\"o}sen, sind verschiedene M{\"o}glichkeiten denkbar, die noch genauer zu untersuchen sind.}, language = {de} } @incollection{BlotevogelGoldlueckeEgermannetal., author = {Blotevogel, Thomas and Goldl{\"u}cke, J{\"u}rgen and Egermann, Jan and Leipertz, Alfred and Hartmann, Matthias and Schenk, Martin and Berckm{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Gemischbildungsuntersuchung in Gasmotoren mittels optischer Messverfahren, speziell in Wasserstoffmotoren}, series = {Gasfahrzeuge}, booktitle = {Gasfahrzeuge}, editor = {Dingel, Oliver}, publisher = {expert verlag}, address = {Renningen}, isbn = {3816924395}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften W{\"u}rzburg-Schweinfurt}, pages = {205 -- 229}, abstract = {Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) has been successfully used for the investigation of the mixture formation process in hydrogen engines for passenger cars. Detailed information has been obtained about process development (qualitative measurement) and on fuel/air-ratio (quantitative measurement) inside the combustion chamber. These results can be used for further optimization of mixture formation and combustion process concerning emissions and fuel consumption. The measurement technique used is not only limited to hydrogen or to passenger car engines, but can also be applied to other fuel gases like natural gas or to other engine sizes like bus engines. The main topic of this paper is the experimental verification of the procedure which was executed by simultaneous PLIF and Raman scattering measurements. By Raman scattering the fuel/air-ratio can directly be determined from direct concentration measurements of the different gas species. The fuel/air-ratios determined by PLIF and Raman measurements are in good agreement indicating that a quantitative fuel/air-ratio measurement during the mixture formation process of gas and hydrogen engines is possible by PLIF. This fact is also confirmed by other measurements, e.g., global fuel/air-ratio calculated from measured intake air and fuel gas flow.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BlotevogelHartmannRottengruberetal., author = {Blotevogel, Thomas and Hartmann, Matthias and Rottengruber, Hermann and Leipertz, Alfred}, title = {Laseroptisches Messverfahren zur Untersuchung von Gemischbildung und Verbrennung in Wasserstoffmotoren}, editor = {Leipertz, Alfred}, publisher = {Esytec}, address = {Erlangen}, isbn = {3931901599}, pages = {12}, language = {de} }