@inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and M{\"u}ller, Michael and M{\"o}ller, F. and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, F. and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Ochs, Dennis and Shandy, Amir}, title = {Non-contact detection of the adhesion properties of ceramic based thermal barrier coatings by determining the surface temperatures using thermography}, address = {Venedig (Italien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and M{\"u}ller, Michael and Ebert, Hans-Peter and M{\"o}ller, F. and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc}, title = {Einsatz von Thermografieger{\"a}ten zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen Detektion der Haftungseigenschaften an keramischen W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmschichten}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannZaengleinKnoppetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Arduini, Mariacarla and Hemberger, Frank and Vidi, Stephan and Manara, Jochen}, title = {Experimentierplattform f{\"u}r dynamische Materialuntersuchung}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Arduini, Mariacarla and Hemberger, Frank and Vidi, Stephan and Manara, Jochen and M{\"u}ller, Michael and M{\"o}ller, F.}, title = {Thermophysikalische Charakterisierung von W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmschichten}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannOchsLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Ochs, Dennis and Lenski, Philipp and Knopp, Kevin and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Arduini, Mariacarla and Hemberger, Frank and Vidi, Stephan}, title = {Untersuchung von Materialeigenschaften additiv gefertigter Proben abh{\"a}ngig von der relativen Dichte}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EdlerGorgievaHartmannetal., author = {Edler, F. and Gorgieva, M. and Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Wagner, M.}, title = {Comparison of different methods for the determination of undisturbed surface temperature}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001}, editor = {Fellmuth, B. and Seidel, J. and Scholze, G.}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {1105 -- 1110}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannRothMoritzetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Roth, U. and Moritz, W. and Reichling, M.}, title = {Optimised strategies for thermal re-activation of LaF3/Pt-sensors based on photothermal characterisation}, series = {Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena}, booktitle = {Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena}, editor = {Scudieri, F. and Bertolotti, M.}, address = {Woodbury (New York)}, pages = {398 -- 400}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannReichling, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Reichling, M.}, title = {Complete characterisation of thermal heat transfer in high quality chemical vapour deposited diamond}, series = {Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena}, booktitle = {Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena}, editor = {Scudieri, F. and Bertolotti, M.}, address = {Woodbury (New York)}, pages = {295 -- 299}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Brunner, Martin}, title = {Optische Sensorik f{\"u}r die additive Fertigung}, series = {4SMARTS 2019}, booktitle = {4SMARTS 2019}, isbn = {978-3-8440-6425-4}, pages = {105 -- 116}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz and Brunner, Martin}, title = {Optische Sensorik f{\"u}r die additive Fertigung}, series = {Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, booktitle = {Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, address = {N{\"u}rnberg}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannSeubertZaenglein, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Seubert, R. and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc}, title = {Development of a Calliper to determine thermal conductivity}, isbn = {978-963-429-131-2}, pages = {21 -- 27}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannZaengleinSeubert, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Seubert, R.}, title = {Development of a Calliper to determine thermal conductivity}, address = {P{\´e}cs (Ungarn)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla}, title = {Ein Versuch zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen nicht-invasiven Qualifizierung der Haftung von W{\"a}rmeschutzschichten}, isbn = {978-3-944659-04-6}, pages = {71 -- 76}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ManaraHartmannRydzeketal., author = {Manara, Jochen and Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Rydzek, M. and Stark, Thomas and Arduini-Schuster, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Bestimmung des Emissionsgrades und Transmissionsgrades keramischer Materialien bei hohen Temperaturen}, isbn = {3-9810021-8-0}, pages = {219 -- 224}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltBuengeretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and B{\"u}nger, L. and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Menz, H.-J. and Neuer, G.}, title = {Hochtemperaturstrahler mit großem {\"O}ffnungsdurchmesser f{\"u}r die praktische Anwendung in Strahlungsthermometrie und Radiometrie}, isbn = {3-9810021-9-9}, pages = {99 -- 106}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltLindneretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Lindner, D. and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz}, title = {Camera based investigation of high-temperature fixed-points for radiometric application}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {267 -- 268}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltGutschwageretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Gutschwager, B. and Monte, C. and Sperfeld, P. and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {The PriTeRa facility of PTB for spectral radiance and irradiance calibrations and radiation thermometry in the range from -170 °C up to 3200 °C and from 200 nm up to 50 µm}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {231 -- 232}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannWerner, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Werner, L.}, title = {Comparison and Evaluation of Different Models for the Interpolation of Spectral Responsivity Data}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {309 -- 310}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltMorkel, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Morkel, M.}, title = {Emissivity of tungsten electrodes in discharge lamps at elevated temperatures}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {273 -- 274}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKeawprasertAnhaltetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Keawprasert, T. and Anhalt, Klaus and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Abd ElMageed, A. and Sperling, A.}, title = {Absolute Calibration of Spectral Responsivity for a Radiation Thermomemeter}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {287 -- 288}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannOjanenAnhaltetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Ojanen, M. and Anhalt, Klaus and Weckstr{\"o}m, T. and K{\"a}rh{\"a}, P. and Heinonen, M. and Ikonen, E.}, title = {Comparison of the Radiation Temperature Scales between PTB and MIKES}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {285 -- 286}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltSchilleretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Schiller, S. and Schreiber, Ekkehard}, title = {Practical high-temperature furnace for the application in radiometry, photometry and thermometry}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {275 -- 276}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKhlevnoyRougieetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Khlevnoy, B. and Rougie, B. and Gibson, C. and Yoon, H. and G{\"a}rtner, A. and Taubert, Dieter Richard}, title = {CCPR-S1 Supplementary Comparison for Spectral Radiance in the range of 220 nm to 2500 nm}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {241 -- 242}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTegeler, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Tegeler, E.}, title = {Activities in the field of legal metrology and standardisation of clinical thermometers}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, publisher = {LPM/FSB}, address = {Zagreb}, pages = {1191 -- 1196}, abstract = {Recently the CEN/TC 205/WG 12 Clinical Thermometer has finalised the European standard on clinical thermometers, EN 12470, by implementing the part 5 Clinical thermometers—Performance of infra-red ear thermometers (with maximum device). This last part of the EN 12470 series is dealing with the performance and requirements for infrared ear thermometers. The other four parts are dealing with metallic liquid-in-glass thermometers, phase change-type (dot matrix) thermometers, compact electrical thermometers (non-predictive and predictive), and electrical thermometers for continuous measurement. Beside this European standard there are national standards dealing with clinical thermometers, the most important in the USA and in Japan. In the field of legal metrology there are three OIML recommendations on clinical thermometers, covering the field of mercury-in-glass thermometers (R7), electrical thermometers for continuous measurements (R114), and electrical thermometers with maximum device (R 115).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTaubertAnhaltetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Anhalt, Klaus and Gutschwager, B. and Monte, C. and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Radiation thermometry, thermodynamic temperature and emissivity measurements at the PTB}, publisher = {Encuentro Nacional de Metrolog{\´i}a El{\´e}ctrica 2009}, address = {Queretaro (Mexico)}, abstract = {To meet the increasing demand of calibrations in the field of radiation thermometry, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) operates two different setups for calibrations covering the temperature range from-60 C up to 3000 C. The first setup consists of several heat-pipe blackbodies in conjunction with platinum resistance thermometers, calibrated according to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) and is applied for calibrations in the temperature range from-60 C to 961.78 C. In the temperature range from 962 C to 3000 C the calibration is based on high temperature blackbodies. The temperature of these blackbodies is determined in two independent ways: traceable to the ITS-90 gold fixed point or via absolutely calibrated filter radiometers (FR) traceable to the detector primary standard, the cryogenic radiometer. Taking advantage from the high accuracy of the FR calibration, these FRs have also been successfully used for the investigation of the thermodynamic accuracy of the ITS-90 in the range from 419 C to 962 C. For non-contact temperature measurements, the emissivity of the observed object is one of the most important parameters. Therefore, PTB has set up instrumentations for measuring the directional spectral and total emissivity of samples in air from 80 C up to 400 C over a spectral range from 4 µm to 40 µm and under vacuum from 0 C to 600 C and in the spectral range from 1 µm to 1000 µm.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannBloembergenYamadaetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Bloembergen, P and Yamada, Y and Yamamoto, N}, title = {Realizing the High-Temperature Part of a Future ITS with the Aid of Eutectic Metal-Carbon Fixed Points}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings (684)}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings (684)}, issn = {0-7354-0153-5}, pages = {291 -- 296}, abstract = {In the proposed scheme temperatures are defined by interpolation and extrapolation with respect to two reference fixed points (n=2), with assigned temperatures. The definition includes one full-range and two sub-ranges in temperature. The scheme in question will be compared with two alternatives referred to (1) as n=1, using one reference point only, as in the ITS-90, and (2) as n=0, involving direct measurement of the thermodynamic temperature by means of absolute radiometry.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannMachinBeynonetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Machin, G and Beynon, G and Edler, F and Fourrez, S and Lowe, D and Morice, R and Sadli, M and Villamanan, M}, title = {HIMERT}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, isbn = {0-7354-0153-5}, pages = {285 -- 290}, abstract = {Metal-carbon eutectic mixtures show much promise for high-temperature standards applications. A research project, Novel, High temperature, Metal-carbon Eutectic fixed points for Radiation Thermometry, Radiometry and Thermocouples (HIMERT) was accepted by the European Union (submitted under the Framework 5 Growth Programme) with a view to developing a unified European approach to these standards. The objectives of the project are to develop fixed-point cells both for radiation thermometry/radiometry and contact thermometry calibration applications. In total three sets of cells will be developed, two for radiation thermometry (by BNM-INM and NPL) and one for contact sensors (by BNM-LNE) and comparisons performed of the differing crucible designs. The cells developed for radiation thermometry will be calibrated according to the ITS-90 and measured radiometrically by a third participant (PTB …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Investigation of the Accuracy of the ITS-90 with Reference to Thermodynamic Temperature in the Range from 400° C up to 600° C}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings (684)}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings (684)}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, isbn = {0-7354-0153-5}, pages = {7 -- 12}, abstract = {For several years Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) has performed thermodynamic temperature measurements on a large area blackbody applying filter radiometers (FR) based on silicon photodiodes and interference filters with center wavelengths at 676 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, and 1000 nm. These FRs were used for the determination of possible systematic deviations of temperatures measured according to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), T90, and the thermodynamic temperatures T. The measurements in 1995 with the 676-nm-FR and the 800-nm-FR revealed a difference of 50 mK of T-T90 at temperatures around the freezing point of silver (961.78 °C). The observed difference decreases with decreasing temperatures, indicating that it may be attributed to a systematic deviation in the ITS-90 from T due to the gas thermometric temperature measurement at 457 °C, which has …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannFischer, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Fischer, Joachim}, title = {Calibration and investigation of infrared camera systems applying blackbody radiation}, series = {Thermosense XXIII}, booktitle = {Thermosense XXIII}, number = {4360}, editor = {Rozlonski, Andr{\´e}s E. and Dinwiddie, Ralph B.}, publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics - Proceedings of SPIE}, pages = {402 -- 411}, abstract = {An experimental facility is presented, which allows calibration and detailed investigation of infrared camera systems. Various blackbodies operating in the temperature range from -60 degree(s)C up to 3000 degree(s)C serve as standard radiation sources, enabling calibration of camera systems in a wide temperature and spectral range with highest accuracy. Quantitative results and precise long-term investigations, especially in detecting climatic trends, require accurate traceability to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). For the used blackbodies the traceability to ITS- 90 is either realized by standard platinum resistance thermometers (in the temperature range below 962 degree(s)C) or by absolute and relative radiometry (in the temperature range above 962 degree(s)C). This traceability is fundamental for implementation of quality assurance systems and realization of different standardizations, for …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Optimized strategies for thermal re-activation of LaF3/Pt-sensors based on photothermal characterization}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings (463)}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings (463)}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, pages = {398 -- 400}, abstract = {Gas sensors based on a semiconductor-supported LaF3/Pt-structure require regular re-activation by thermal treatment. A convenient way to accomplish this is by applying an electrical current pulse to the Pt-electrode and controlling re-activation by the amount of Joule heat deposited. Pulse length has to be chosen to balance the requirements of thermal energy needed for re-activation and the constraints in peak thermal power to prevent damage. Prerequisite to optimization is a knowledge of the thermal response of the complicated thin film sensor system consisting of several layers with unknown thermal properties. Modulated photothermal microscopy was used to detect inhomogenities in thin film heating and early stages of failure under thermal load. It was found that the formation of gas bubbles in the film is one of the major sources of failure. These measurements were complemented by measurements of …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannMoritzRothetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Moritz, W. and Roth, U. and Heyde, M. and Rademann, K. and Reichling, M.}, title = {Nanosecond Range Heating and Temperature Measurement on Thin Layers}, series = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems, Semiconductors, Sensors and Actuators}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems, Semiconductors, Sensors and Actuators}, publisher = {MSM 99}, pages = {655 -- 658}, abstract = {A chemical semiconductor sensor for oxygen gas was activated by thermal treatment. The thin Pt layer of the n-Si/SiO2/Si3N4/LaF3/Pt field effect structure was used as the gate electrode for sensitivity measurements, heating resistance and temperature sensor. Taking advantage of using the gate electrode for heating only the sensitive two layer system LaF3/Pt (thickness only 300 nm) has to be at high temperature. The reactivation was shown to be a very fast process. Within a period of 10µs the structure was heated and the activation process was completed. The temperature measurement was done using the voltage drop at the gate and the current of the heating impulse. For the temperature measurement a resolution on the time scale of nanoseconds was achieved. The time dependent temperature distribution in the sensor multi layer structure was simulated using the CFD-ACE+ software of CFDRC. For the µs-impulses the temperature increase of only the thin layers and not the silicon bulk was shown.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Eutektische Hochtemperatur-Fixpunkte f{\"u}r die Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie}, publisher = {Sensoren und Messsysteme 2010 - 15. ITG/GMA-Fachtagung}, abstract = {Eutektische Metall-Kohlenstoff-(M-C)-Fixpunkte erweitern den Temperaturbereich in dem Hochtemperaturfixpunkte eingesetzt werden k{\"o}nnen vom h{\"o}chsten Temperaturfixpunkt der derzeit g{\"u}ltigen Internationalen Temperaturskala von 1990 (ITS-90) der Erstarrungstemperatur von Kupfer bei 1357.77 K bis hin zu Temperaturen von bis zu 3500 K. Bislang sind diese Hochtemperaturfixpunkte ausschließlich eingesetzt worden, um die Kalibrierung von Strahlungsthermometern und Thermoelementen zu vereinfachen. Herk{\"o}mmlicherweise ist das Fixpunktmaterial dabei in einem Graphittiegel, in den ein Hohlraumzylinder eintaucht, gefasst. Der Hohlraumzylinder dient dabei als Schwarzk{\"o}rper f{\"u}r ein Strahlungsthermometer und als Tauchrohr f{\"u}r Anwendungen in der Ber{\"u}hrungsthermometrie. Oberhalb von 1300 K w{\"u}rde auch die Messung thermophysikalischer Eigenschaften, d.h. Methoden der thermischen Analyse wie die dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie (DSC), die Laserflash-Methode oder die Dilatometrie, signifikant von der in-situ Anwendung der eutektischen Metallkohlenstoff-Fixpunkte profitieren. Der Beitrag pr{\"a}sentiert die Entwicklung und Untersuchung von Metallkohlenstoff-Hochtemperaturfixpunkten f{\"u}r die Anwendung in DSC Messapparaturen im Temperaturbereich bis 2300 K. Im Gegensatz zu der etablierten Anwendung in Strahlungsthemometrie und Ber{\"u}hrungsthemometrie sind die Materialmengen, die f{\"u}r eine Temperaturkalibrierung ben{\"o}tigt werden, in der thermischen Analyse mit einigen Milligramm Fixpunktmaterial sehr gering. Spezielle Verfahren wurden dabei f{\"u}r die effektive Pr{\"a}paration solch kleiner, und f{\"u}r den Einsatz als Temperaturfixpunkt hochreiner, Probenmassen entwickelt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Optische Hochtemperaturmesstechnik f{\"u}r die Thermometrie, Radiometrie und Photometrie}, publisher = {Sensoren und Messsysteme 2010 - 15. ITG/GMA-Fachtagung}, abstract = {Die Temperaturmessung {\"u}ber die emittierte W{\"a}rmestrahlung ist seit {\"u}ber hundert Jahren ein innovatives Feld der Messtechnik und der Grundlagenphysik. Ein erster H{\"o}hepunkt war Gustav Kirchhoffs theoretisches Prinzip eines Schwarzen K{\"o}rpers mit idealen - von Material und Form unabh{\"a}ngigen - Emissionseigenschaften f{\"u}r W{\"a}rmestrahlung. Diese fr{\"u}hen Entwicklungen gipfelten in Max Planck's ber{\"u}hmtem Strahlungsgesetz, das die Emission von W{\"a}rmestrahlung exakt beschreibt und den Beginn der modernen Quantenphysik einleitet. Die quantitative Messung von W{\"a}rmestrahlung erfordert die Kenntnis von Quellen- und Detektoreigenschaften. Im Bereich der Erzeugung von W{\"a}rmestrahlung werden noch heute die gleichen Prinzipien benutzt wie zu Zeiten Plancks, d. h. es werden technologisch weiter entwickelte Hohlraumstrahler zur Realisierung Schwarzer K{\"o}rper eingesetzt. Im Bereich der Detektion von W{\"a}rmestrahlung haben sich jedoch durch die Entwicklung der Halbleitertechnik grunds{\"a}tzlich andere physikalische Prinzipien durchgesetzt. W{\"a}hrend zu Plancks Zeiten thermische Empf{\"a}nger eingesetzt wurden, finden im Hochtemperaturbereich heute - neben thermischen Empf{\"a}ngern - fast ausschließlich photoelektrische Empf{\"a}nger Anwendung. Einen weiteren entscheidenden Schritt in Richtung h{\"o}chster Genauigkeit bedeutete die Entwicklung eines elektrischen Substitutionsradiometers bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen, des so genannten Kryoradiometers. Die Erfindung des Kryoradiometers als prim{\"a}rer Detektorstandard Ende der 1970er Jahre erm{\"o}glichte die Messung optischer Strahlungsleistung mit einer relativen Unsicherheit von unter 10-4. Basierend auf diese Strahlungsleistungsmessung ist heute die Kalibrierung der spektrale Empfindlichkeit von Detektoren mit relativen Unsicherheiten bis zu 10-4 m{\"o}glich. Moderne Halbleiterempf{\"a}nger liefern einen strahlungsleistungsproportionalen Photostrom. Zur Messung der W{\"a}rmestrahlung {\"u}ber einen weiten Temperatur- und Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereich m{\"u}ssen Photostr{\"o}me von fA bis mA mit kleinster Unsicherheit bestimmt werden. Das stellt hohe experimentelle Anforderungen an die elektrische, geometrische und optische Messtechnik. Der Beitrag beschreibt kurz die historische Entwicklung der optischen Temperaturmessung {\"u}ber die ausgesandte W{\"a}rmestrahlung und geht dann auf die experimentellen und physikalischen Grundlagen dieser Methode ein. Abschließend werden M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Implementierung der im Metrologielabor erreichbaren niedrigen Messunsicherheiten in den praktischen messtechnischen Alltag vorgestellt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Progress with the development of high temperature fixed-points in the EU through the Himert project}, pages = {6}, abstract = {The EU FP5 funded research project HIMERT (Novel High temperature Metal-carbon Eutectic fixed points for Radiation Thermometry, Radiometry and Thermocouples) aims to develop high temperature fixed points above the freezing point of copper to approximately 2500 deg C with a repeatability of less than 0.1 deg C. NPL and BNM-INM have constructed fixed-point blackbody sources, while BNM-LNE has constructed cells up to 1950 deg C (Ru-C) for the calibration of contact sensors. PTB will perform absolute radiometry of the cells constructed by NPL and BNM-INM. Pt-Pd thermocouple studies will be undertaken by PTB and BNM-LNE. Also a major materials compatibility study has been undertaken by BNM-LNE to identify thermocouple sheath materials that are compatible with graphite to 1950 deg C. The University of Valladolid is investigating the background physics of the eutectic process and seeking to develop physically realistic models. The two industrial companies will test whether improved traceability at lower uncertainties can be achieved by using metal-carbon eutectics. This paper describes the HIMERT project and current progress. (authors)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Development and validation of a long wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation thermometer for contactless temperature measurements in gas turbines during operation}, series = {EVI-GTI and PIWG Joint Conference on Gas Turbine Instrumentation}, booktitle = {EVI-GTI and PIWG Joint Conference on Gas Turbine Instrumentation}, publisher = {IET}, pages = {1 -- 26}, abstract = {A collection of slides from the author's conference presentation is given. The presentation introduces the infrared-optical characterization of thermal barrier coatings and the development of LWIR pyrometer for measuring temperature in an operating gas turbine. The test facility for evaluating the LWIR pyrometer is also presented. This presentation includes the experimental setup for LWIR calibration and measurement.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The PriTeRa facility of PTB for spectral radiance and irradiance calibrations and radiation thermometry in the range from {\`A}170 C up to 3200 C and from 200 nm up to 50 μm}, series = {Proc. Newrad}, booktitle = {Proc. Newrad}, pages = {13 -- 16}, abstract = {Blackbody radiators provide calculable spectral radiance and irradiance if their temperature and their emissivity is well known. Due to technical restrictions, one single blackbody can cover only a limited temperature range and therefore limited wavelengths for spectral radiance and irradiance calibrations. Space borne instruments for measuring the solar emission usually need calibrations from the UV to the near Infrared part of the optical spectrum [1] whereas remote sensing experiments for measuring earth surface temperatures for climate prediction or spaceborne instruments that deliver evidence for water on the surface of planet Mars [2] require calibration in the far infrared spectral range. To achieve these complementary requirements, PTB has set-up a series of blackbody based instrumentations, which are combined in the Primary Temperature Radiator facility (PriTeRa). To cover the whole wavelength range from 200 nm up to 800 µm different blackbody designs have to be applied.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannHarrerDotterweichetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Harrer, S. and Dotterweich, C. and Zink, Markus H. and Hemberger, Frank and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Schnitzler, Tim}, title = {Phase change materials for use in thermally and electrically stressed insulation for high voltage applications}, series = {2016 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference}, booktitle = {2016 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-4673-8706-4}, pages = {605 -- 608}, abstract = {The temperature of high voltage equipment is often the limiting factor when transmitting electrical energy because the electrical insulation can get severely aged when the temperature is exceeding a certain limit. Hence, cooling has to be improved or heat generation must be reduced to avoid damage of the insulation. In this paper a new method was examined by investigating electrically insulating phase change materials which are able to store latent heat during a phase change from the solid to liquid state in times of high energy demand. To verify the electrically insulating properties of paraffins, one class of phase change materials, a special test cell was designed allowing the determination of breakdown voltage of phase change materials. The measurements on one paraffin sample proved the promising electrical insulating properties and it was shown that the breakdown voltage in the liquid state is comparable …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {I3. 4-Radiometric calibration of the NIRSpec instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope in the wavelength range from 0.7 μm to 5.0 μm}, series = {SENSOR+TEST Conference 2009 - IRS² 2009 Proceedings}, booktitle = {SENSOR+TEST Conference 2009 - IRS² 2009 Proceedings}, pages = {249 -- 254}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTaubertMonteetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Monte, C. and Gutschwager, B. and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Traceable calibration of radiation sources from the visible to the far infrared for space borne applications at PTB}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE Volume 7474, Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIII}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE Volume 7474, Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIII}, abstract = {The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) has developed dedicated instrumentations and methods for the traceable calibration of space borne instruments in terms of the three fundamental radiometric units, i.e. spectral radiance (radiation temperature), spectral radiant intensity and spectral photon flux. The traceable calibration under conditions similar to the space environment is achieved by use of two major radiometric calibration facilities of PTB, the Spectral Radiance Comparator Facility (SRCF) and the Reduced Background Calibration Facility (RBCF) which are part of the Primary Temperature Radiator Facility of PTB and cover the wavelength range from the UV to the FIR (THz range). The improved detector instrumentations of the SRCF and RBCF, detailed calibration schemes and results of calibrations for space missions are presented.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Long term stability of the spectral responsivity of filter radiometers at the PTB}, series = {Proc. of TEMPMEKO}, booktitle = {Proc. of TEMPMEKO}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, pages = {977 -- 982}, abstract = {The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) uses calibrated filter radiometers to measure the thermodynamic temperature of blackbodies applied for the realisation and dissemination of the spectral radiance and spectral irradiance. This paper presents the PTB experience with the stability of the spectral responsivities of two different sets of filter radiometers, a set of four broad-band filter radiometers with centroid wavelengths in the visible spectral range (437 nm, 510 nm, 558 nm and 728 nm), using a combination of coloured glass filters as wavelength selective elements and a set of five narrow-band interference filter radiometers with centroid wavelengths in the visible and in the near infrared wavelength range (676 nm, 802 nm, 903 nm and 1003 nm). The time period of their continuous investigation with respect to the relevant stability parameters, the integrated spectral responsivity and the centroid wavelength, is about seven years for the broad-band filter radiometers and up to ten years for the narrow-band interference filter radiometers. Both types of filter radiometers show sufficient stability for their application as high-accuracy temperature measurement instruments. Relative changes in the integrated spectral responsivity up to some parts in 103 and for the interference filter radiometers a linear increase of the centroid wavelength with time in the order of several ten picometers per year have been observed. A comparison between the two types of filter radiometers is given, with respect to the contribution of the stability of these parameters to the uncertainty budget of thermodynamic temperature determination. Reasons for the observed …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannMcEvoyMachinetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and McEvoy, H.C. and Machin, Graham and Friedrich, R. and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Comparison of the New NPL Primary Standard Ag Fixed-Point Blackbody Source with the Primary Standard Fixed Point of PTB}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings (684)}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings (684)}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, isbn = {0-7354-0153-5}, pages = {909 -- 914}, abstract = {Above the freezing point of silver (961.78 °C), the International Temperature Scale of 1990 is defined in terms of Planck's radiation law. The scale is maintained and disseminated using a validated and linear pyrometer in conjunction with a blackbody reference source at either the Ag, Au (1064.18 °C) or Cu (1084.62 °C) freezing point. In order to realize the scale with the highest precision high quality, well-characterised, reproducible fixed-point blackbody sources are required. Such sources have been maintained at NPL for a number of years, but it was felt that improvements to the design would be beneficial. A new Ag point blackbody source has therefore been constructed. The new design will improve the quality and reproducibility of the melting and freezing plateaux and reduce errors due to the 'out-of-focus' size-of-source effect which is difficult to measure and to eliminate. Full details of the design of the new …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTaubert, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Taubert, Dieter Richard}, title = {Assessing blackbody emissivity by monte carlo simulation}, series = {Proc. of the Int. Conference of Infrared Sensors and Systems}, booktitle = {Proc. of the Int. Conference of Infrared Sensors and Systems}, publisher = {AMA Service GmbH}, pages = {133 -- 138}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannFischer, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Fischer, Joachim}, title = {Radiator standards for accurate IR calibrations in remote sensing based on heatpipe blackbodies}, series = {Proceedings Volume 3821, Environmental Sensing and Applications}, booktitle = {Proceedings Volume 3821, Environmental Sensing and Applications}, number = {3821}, editor = {Carleer, M. and Hilton, M. and Lamp, T. and Reuter, R. and Russwurm, G.M. and Schaefer, K. and Weber, K. and Weitkamp, K. and Wolf, J. and Woppowa, L.}, publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics - Proceedings of SPIE}, pages = {395 -- 403}, abstract = {The demand of instrumentation in the field of remote sensing is increasing rapidly. For international compatibility, for reliable results and precise long-term investigation, necessary for example in the measurement of climatic trends, accurate traceability of the results to international standards or SI-units is mandatory. Additionally, interpretation of the results strongly requires a careful evaluation of the involved errors and the resulting uncertainties in order to allow for a rating of the obtained results. For that purpose quality assurance was introduced, not only for industrial fabrication, but also, and with increasing tendency, for industrial and scientific research. As an overview, the necessity and the possibilities of quality assurance in the area of remote sensing are discussed. Taking remote sensing of temperature as an example, the general approach is described. For that purpose, a description of heatpipe blackbodies …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannFischer, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Fischer, Joachim}, title = {Calibration of tungsten strip lamps as transfer standards for temperature}, series = {Proceedings of TEMPMEKO (99)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of TEMPMEKO (99)}, editor = {Dubbeldam, J.F. and de Groot, M.J.}, publisher = {IMEKO}, address = {Delft}, pages = {561 -- 566}, abstract = {An advanced method for the calibration of tungsten strip lamps is reviewed in detail. The method is based on measuring the ratio of the spectral radiances of two sources at different radiance temperatures TL by radiation thermometry. Instead of using the distribution temperature and the colour emissivity for the calculation of the radiance temperature, the derivative dTL/dλ in the vicinity of the effective wavelength of the detection system is applied. In a first step high-stability vacuum tungsten strip lamps are calibrated as first-order working standards with respect to fixed points of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). In a subsequent step, secondary working standards are calibrated relative to these first order working standards with light of different wavelengths determined by interference filters. A detailed description of the evaluation procedure for the determination of the radiance temperature of the lamps is given and several problems encountered in operating the lamps are discussed. The standard uncertainties of the radiance temperature are below 0.2 K for the first order working standards.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Intercomparison of radiation temperature scales between PTB and NMIJ from 1000/spl deg/C to 2500/spl deg/C}, series = {Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference}, publisher = {IEEE}, pages = {58 -- 62}, abstract = {The intercomparison of radiation temperature scales between PTB and NMIJ was carried out in September 2001. PTB sent their radiation thermometer LP3 to Japan and NMIJ made the comparison between the LP3 and NMIJs Topcon radiation thermometers with a comparison blackbody from 1000/spl deg/C to 2500/spl deg/C. Both scales agreed within /spl plusmn/0.8/spl deg/C in the whole range.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannMachinYamadaetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Machin, Graham and Yamada, Y. and Lowe, D. and Sasajima, N. and Anhalt, Klaus and Goebel, R. and McEvoy, H.C. and Bloembergen, P.}, title = {A comparison of high temperature fixed-points of Pt-C and Re-C constructed by BIPM, NMIJ and NPL}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, publisher = {LPM/FSB}, address = {Zagrep}, pages = {1049 -- 1056}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Thermodynamic temperature measurements of the melting curves of RE-C, TIC-C And ZRC-C eutectic irradiance mode fixed-point cells}, series = {Proceedings TEMPMEKO 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings TEMPMEKO 2004}, pages = {189 -- 194}, abstract = {The thermodynamic temperatures of the phase transition of Re-C, TiC-C, and ZrC-C eutectic fixed-point cells have been measured for the first time using different filter radiometers in irradiance mode. The spectral responsivity of these filter radiometers was measured traceable to the primary detector standard of the PTB, a laser based cryogenic radiometer. The relative extended uncertainties of the spectral responsivities of the filter radiometers in the irradiance mode were in the range from 5· 10-4 up to 2.5· 10-3. The measurements have been performed at the high temperature calibration facilities of the VNIIOFI and the PTB with eutectic fixed-point cells manufactured by VNIIOFI.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannFriedrichSchilleretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Friedrich, R. and Schiller, S. and Fischer, J.}, title = {Non-isothermal temperature distribution and resulting emissivity corrections for the high temperature blackbody BB3200}, series = {Proc. 8th International Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science - Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001}, booktitle = {Proc. 8th International Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science - Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001}, editor = {Fellmuth, B. and Seidel, J. and Scholze, G.}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {227 -- 232}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A comparison of Co-C, Pd-C, Pt-C, Ru-C and Re-C eutectic fixed points independently manufactured by three different institutes}, series = {Proc. Newrad (Davos, Switzerland)}, booktitle = {Proc. Newrad (Davos, Switzerland)}, pages = {289 -- 290}, abstract = {In order to assess the performance and capability as well as the reproducibility of cell production five different Metal-carbon (MC) eutectic cells from three institutes were measured by radiation thermometry at PTB. The reproducibility of the melting temperature approached the requirements set by CCT/CCPR but significant differences were seen between different manufactures.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannSadliMachinetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Sadli, M. and Machin, G. and Morice, R.}, title = {Realisation and comparison of metal-carbon eutectic points for radiation thermometry applications and W-Re thermocouple calibration}, series = {Proc. 8th Int. Symp. on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science - Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001}, booktitle = {Proc. 8th Int. Symp. on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science - Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001}, editor = {Fellmuth, B. and Seidel, J. and Scholze, G.}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {507 -- 512}, abstract = {For the sake of ensuring improved accuracy and traceability for temperature measurements above the copper point (1084 OC), four laboratories are joining their efforts in developing high-temperature fixed points based on eutectic transitions of metal-carbon mixtures [1]. These phase transitions, on the basis of radiation thermometry results presented thus far [2, 3], encouraged the participants to work towards two eventual applications: hightemperature fixed—point calibration sources for radiation thermometry, and fixed points for the calibration of contact thermometers, including Pt/Pd, Pt/Rh and W/Re thermocouples. Here will be given the up-to—date works accomplished within or in relation with this project in the participating laboratories. The perspectives of this work are wide and should allow the usage of such fixed points at temperatures ranging from 1150 C to 2700 C. The remaining uncertainty concerns the …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Measurement of T-T90 down to zinc point temperatures with absolute filter radiometry}, series = {Proc. of TEMPMEKO}, booktitle = {Proc. of TEMPMEKO}, pages = {377 -- 382}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTaubertFischer, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Fischer, Joachim}, title = {Characterization of the double-heatpipe blackbody LABB for use at temperatures below 500 C}, series = {Proceedings of TEMPMEKO (99)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of TEMPMEKO (99)}, editor = {Dubbeldam, J.F. and de Groot, M.J.}, publisher = {IMEKO}, address = {Delft}, pages = {511 -- 516}, abstract = {The large area double-heatpipe blackbody (LABB) used for comparing thermodynamic temperatures with the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) at temperatures higher than 600 C is based on two sodium heat pipes. The lowest temperature at which the sodium heat pipes work properly is strongly correlated to the onset of sodium evaporation. This is expected for temperatures well above 500 C. Planning to use the LABB for extending the comparison of thermodynamic temperatures with the ITS-90 to temperatures as low as possible, we measured the isothermal behaviour of the blackbody cavity starting at heatpipe temperatures of 400 C. The temperature of the cylindrical part of the cavity was measured with a standard platinum resistance thermometer (SPRT) sensing the bottom of the cavity and up to three quarter of the cylindrical part of the cavity. The obtained temperature profiles are well explained assuming the occurrence of two superimposing effects: a real nonisothermal behaviour of the LABB for temperatures below 500 C and a cooling of the SPRT caused by radiation loss through the aperture of the cavity. Applying a Monte-Carlo simulation we calculated the emissivity of the LABB at different heatpipe temperatures below 600 C using the obtained non-isothermal temperature distribution at the cylindrical walls. It was found that even at temperatures as low as 415 C the accuracy of the LABB is sufficient for comparison of thermodynamic temperatures and the ITS-90.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannSakumaMa, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Sakuma, F. and Ma, L.}, title = {Intercomparison of Radiation Temperature Scales between PTB and NMIJ from 1000-degree Celsius to 2500-degree Celsius}, series = {SICE Annual Conference Program and Abstracts SICE Annual Conference 2002}, booktitle = {SICE Annual Conference Program and Abstracts SICE Annual Conference 2002}, publisher = {The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers}, pages = {13 -- 13}, abstract = {The intercomparison of radiation temperature scales between PTB and NMIJ was carried out in September 2001. PTB sent their radiation thermometer LP3 to Japan and NMIJ made the comparison between the LP3 and NMIJ's Topcon radiation thermometers with a comparison blackbody from 1000 C to 2500 C. Both scales agreed within±0.8 C in the whole range.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannRicolfiBatuelloetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Ricolfi, T. and Batuello, M. and Bosma, R. and van der Ham, E. and Fischer, J.}, title = {Comparison of local realizations of the ITS-90 between 920° C and 1590° C at 950 nm using vacuum tungsten strip lamps as transfer standards}, series = {Proc. of TEMPMEKO (2001)}, booktitle = {Proc. of TEMPMEKO (2001)}, editor = {Fellmuth, B. and Seidel, J. and Scholze, G.}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {839 -- 844}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannBreuerJohannsenetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Breuer, J. and Johannsen, U. and Rabus, H. and Werner, L.}, title = {PTB detector calibration capabilities for optical radiometry}, series = {Sensor 2001 Proceedings}, booktitle = {Sensor 2001 Proceedings}, pages = {227 -- 232}, abstract = {In the first part of this paper we give a brief survey of the approaches taken to achieve these rather challenging goals. Then we will focus on some aspects of transfer detector standards that have to be taken into account if the highest possible accuracy is to be reached. The final section of the paper deals with a new and very promising method for the dissemination of the spectral responsivity of semiconductor photodiodes.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannGutschwagerFischer, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Gutschwager, B. and Fischer, J.}, title = {Calibration facility for infrared thermography systems at PTB}, series = {Sensor 2001 Proceedings}, booktitle = {Sensor 2001 Proceedings}, pages = {233 -- 238}, abstract = {Section 2 of the present paper introduces the two calibration facilities, presents the applied blackbody radiation sources with the achievable uncertainties, the collimator optics, and the climate box. A short introduction of the experimental techniques used and presentation of some experimental results for different camera systems follows in Section 3. A final conclusion is given in Section 4.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Complete characterization of local thermal transfer in high quality CVD diamond}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings (463)}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings (463)}, pages = {295 -- 299}, abstract = {Room temperature microscopic thermal transfer in a high quality chemical vapor deposited diamond sample is completely characterized with micrometer resolution. A thermoreflectance microscope measures thermal conductivity and its slight variations inside a grain. Measurements reveal an inhomogeneous conductivity distribution with highest values close to that of natural IIa diamond. Using the same microscope, frequency dependent investigations of thermal barriers located between diamond grains are performed. Thermal resistance is found to vary between 10-9 and 10-8 m2K/W. Frequency dependent measurements sensitive to three-dimensional heat flow and averaging over a variable number of grains yield an enormous decrease of thermal conductivity with decreasing modulation frequency. Taking the average of thermal conductivity inside the grains and an average value for the barrier height together …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Improvement of the active layers of a MIS-structure semiconductor gas sensor for HF and F}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraArduini, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Arduini, Mariacarla}, title = {A Novel Approach for Non-Destructive Testing of the Adhesion of Thermal Barrier Coatings}, publisher = {The Future of Gas Turbine Technology ; 8 th International Gas Turbine Conference}, address = {Br{\"u}ssel (Belgien)}, pages = {12 -- 13}, abstract = {The operation temperatures of gas turbine engines have been increased significantly to optimize their efficiency factor. To protect the metallic blades from these high temperatures, thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are applied onto the turbine blades. These layers must have a good adhesion to the supporting turbine blade. A poor adhesion may lead to a delamination of the layer during operation and finally to a destruction of the turbine blade and eventually the complete turbine. It is therefore necessary, to check the quality of the layer adhesion regularly during service or preferably during operation. Approaches for non-contact and nondestructive techniques by using optical or infrared radiation are not sophisticated up to now. Hence in this paper a new attempt to improve these optical or infrared-optical methods is described. The presented idea relies on the application of different wavelengths for the used measurement system. Using a short wavelength range, where the TBC is semitransparent, allows the measurement of the temperature of the turbine blade. Using a second, long wavelength range where the TBC is non-transparent, the temperature of the surface of the TBC can be determined. As the thermal contact is usually correlated with the mechanical adhesion such measurements can be a possible tool for nondestructively testing the adhesion of TBCs.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannWernerFischeretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Werner, L. and Fischer, J. and Johannsen, U.}, title = {Accurate determination of the spectral responsivity of silicon trap detectors between 238 nm and 1015 nm using a laser-based cryogenic radiometer}, address = {Madrid (Spanien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannReichlingMatthias, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Reichling, M. and Matthias, E.}, title = {Thermoreflectance measurements of single thermal barriers in CVD-Diamond}, address = {Nanjing (China)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Photothermal microscopy on CVD-diamond}, address = {Ebernburg}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannNilssonFricke, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Nilsson, O. and Fricke, J.}, title = {Thermal diffusivity measurements on two-layered systems with the laser-flash method}, address = {Lissabon (Portugal)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraMehling, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Mehling, H.}, title = {The role of the index of refraction in the generation and propagation of blackbody radiation}, address = {Funchal (Portugal)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraEbertetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Lenhart-Rydzek, M. and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew}, title = {LWIR pyrometry for the measurement of thermal barrier coatings within the EU project STARGATE}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannLenhartRydzekStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Lenhart-Rydzek, M. and Stark, Thomas and Arduini-Schuster, Mariacarla and Manara, Jochen}, title = {Enhanced measuring technique to determine the angle dependent surface emittance from 200 °C up to 1600 °C}, address = {Funchal (Portugal)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltEdler, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Edler, F.}, title = {High-temperature fixed-points for improved temperature metrology above 1100 °C}, address = {Graz}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKrenekAnhaltetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Krenek, S. and Anhalt, Klaus and Lindemann, A. and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Dynamic Emissivity Measurement: First Results}, address = {Graz}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltSargeetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Sarge, S.M. and Pagel, R. and Schindler, A. and Denner, T.}, title = {Eutectic high-temperature fixed-points for improves traceability in DSC/DTA}, address = {Graz}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKruegerAnhaltetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Anhalt, Klaus and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Schmidt, Franz}, title = {CCD-camera for measuring temperature and spectral radiance}, address = {Bern}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltTaubertetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz}, title = {CCD-camera for measuring temperature and spectral radiance}, address = {Portoroz (Slowenien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U.}, title = {Experimental set-up for dynamic material investigation}, address = {Graz ({\"O}sterreich)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannHarrerDotterweichetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Harrer, S. and Dotterweich, C. and Zink, Markus H.}, title = {On the conduction process of dielectric liquids based on mineral oil}, address = {Buenos Aires (Argentinien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Non-Contact Temperature Measurement Of Combustion Gases at High Temperatures and High Pressures}, address = {Zakopane (Polen)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltHollandtetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Yamada, Y.}, title = {Improved thermal stability of the linear pyrometer LP3 for high temperature measurements within the EU-Project HIMERT}, address = {Berlin}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTaubert, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Taubert, Dieter Richard}, title = {Assessing blackbody emissivity by Monte Carlo Simulation}, address = {Erfurt}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark and Hodge, D.}, title = {Development of Long Wavelength Infrared Radiation Thermometry for Measurements in Gas Turbines}, address = {Darmstadt}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraArduini, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Arduini, Mariacarla}, title = {An Attempt to Non-Destructively Qualify the Adhesion of Thermal Barrier Coatings}, address = {Zakopane (Polen)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Construction, Calibration and Application of a LWIR Pyrometer within the EU Project STARGATE}, address = {Zakopane (Polen)}, abstract = {The EU project STARGATE (Sensors Towards Advanced Monitoring and Control of Gas Turbine Engines) has the headline objective to develop a suite of advanced sensors, instrumentation and related systems in order to contribute to the development of the next generation of green and efficient gas turbine engines. To increase the efficiency of gas turbines higher combustion temperatures and higher turbine inlet temperatures are required. This implies that turbine blades and vanes are exposed to higher temperatures. Advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) based on ceramic materials protect the components from overheating and ensure mechanical integrity. Still, materials and coatings need to be stressed to their limits to reach the challenging goals of an efficiency increase. Under these circumstances, it is crucial to have sensing techniques available that are capable of accurately monitoring the temperature of turbine parts in order to prevent damages within the engine. The approach to overcome current limitations of existing techniques is to use long wavelength infrared (LWIR) pyrometry as TBCs are usually semi-transparent in the near or short wavelength infrared. Therefore one work package within the STARGATE project is dedicated to the development of a LWIR radiation thermometer to measure the surface temperature of TBCs contactless during operation of the gas turbine engines. The paper shortly gives an overview of the investigation performed within the STARGATE project. The construction, calibration and application of the LWIR radiation thermometer is described in detail and results obtained on a test facility are presented. The paper closes with an outlook on future plans of implementing the LWIR pyrometer in the quality system of gas turbine operation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Long Wavelength Infrared Radiation Thermometry for Non-Contact Temperature Measurements in Gas Turbines}, address = {London}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {New developments in high-temperature measurement techniques}, address = {Osijek (Kroatien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Arduini, Mariacarla and Hemberger, Frank and Vidi, Stephan}, title = {Einsatz optischer Sensoranwendungen f{\"u}r additive Fertigungsverfahren}, address = {Dresden}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Hemberger, Frank and Vidi, Stephan and Manara, Jochen and M{\"u}ller, Michael and M{\"o}ller, F.}, title = {Systematische thermophysikalische Charakterisierung von W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmschichten}, address = {N{\"u}rnberg}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Entwicklung und Test eines langwelligen Strahlungsthermometers zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen Temperaturmessung in Gasturbinen w{\"a}hrend des Betriebs}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-944659-04-6}, pages = {43 -- 48}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannJoumaniHayetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Joumani, Y. and Hay, B. and Razouk, R. and Anhalt, Klaus and Sarge, S. and Wu, J. and Milosevic, N. and Cataldi, M. and Lorrette, C. and Boboridis, K. and Manara, Jochen and Vidi, Stephan and Pichler, P. and Denner, T.}, title = {EMPIR Hi-TRACE project - Metrological facilities for measuring thermophysical properties up to 3000 °C}, address = {Chengdu (China)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz and Brunner, Martin}, title = {Optical Sensor systems for additive manufacturing}, address = {Chengdu (China)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Schmidt, Franz}, title = {Experimental set-up for dynamic material investigation at high-temperatures for power engineering and additive manufacturing}, address = {Freiburg}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Knopp, Kevin and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc}, title = {Hochtemperaturmessung und Materialuntersuchung f{\"u}r Energietechnik und additive Fertigungsverfahren}, address = {Dresden}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Zipf, Matthias}, title = {Non-contact temperature measurement of combustion gases at high temperatures and high pressures}, address = {Graz ({\"O}sterreich)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {High temperature test-rig for emissvity and non-contact temperature measurements}, address = {Graz ({\"O}sterreich)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhalt, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus}, title = {Radiometric measurements of eutectic fixed-point cells at PTB}, address = {Okayama (Japan)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MachinHartmannAnhaltetal., author = {Machin, Graham and Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Beyon, G. and Edler, F. and Fourez, S. and Jimeno-Largo, p. and Lowe, D. and Morice, R. and Sadli, M. and Villamanan, M.}, title = {Future perspectives for high-temperature metrology from the FP5 HIMERT project}, address = {Lyon (Frankreich)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTegeler, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Tegeler, E.}, title = {Activities in the field of legal metrology and standardisation of clinical thermometers}, address = {Dubrovnik (Kroatien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannGutschwagerHollandt, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Gutschwager, B. and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {PTB Activities in the Field of Testing and Calibration of Clinical IR Ear Thermometers}, address = {N{\"u}rnberg}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannMachinBeynonetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Machin, Graham and Beynon, G. and Fourrez, S. and Lowe, D. and Morice, R. and Sadli, M. and Villamanan, M.}, title = {HIMERT: A pan-European project for development of metal-carbon eutectics as temperature standards}, address = {Chicago (USA)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTaubertHollandtetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Taubert, D. and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg and Fischer, J.}, title = {Investigation of the accuracy of the ITS-90 with reference to thermodynamic temperature in the range from 400 °C to 600 °C}, address = {Chicago (USA)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannMcEvoyMachinetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and McEvoy, H.C. and Machin, Graham and Friedrich, R. and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Comparison of the new NPL primary standard Ag fixed-point blackbody source with the primary standard fixed-point of PTB}, address = {Chicago (USA)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannBloembergenSasajimaetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Bloembergen, P. and Sasajima, N. and Yamada, Y.}, title = {Comparing alternative schemes for realizing the high-temperature part of a future ITS-20XX with the aid of metal-carbon eutectic fixed points}, address = {Chicago (USA)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltTaubertetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Absolute radiometry for the MeP-K}, series = {Tempmeko 2010}, booktitle = {Tempmeko 2010}, address = {Portoroz (Slowenien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKrenekAnhaltetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Krenek, S. and Anhalt, Klaus and Lindemann, A. and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {A dynamic method to measure emissivity at high-temperatures}, address = {Portoroz (Slowenien)}, language = {en} }