@article{ClaireJuergenJuergen, author = {Claire, Strasser and J{\"u}rgen, Blumm and J{\"u}rgen, Hartmann}, title = {Characterizing Vitrification by Thermal Analysis During Curing of an Epoxy-Amine System}, series = {Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, volume = {142}, journal = {Journal of Applied Polymer Science}, number = {26}, doi = {10.1002/app.57077}, pages = {e57077}, abstract = {During curing, the glass transition temperature of thermosets increases with conversion. When the process is carried out isothermally or at very low heating rates, the glass transition temperature of the resin may rise faster than the material temperature, eventually reaching the latter. This leads to vitrification: The partially cured resin enters the glassy state. The reaction rate drops drastically because it is no longer chemically controlled, but diffusion controlled. As a result, the final product may not be completely cured, which has a severe impact on its mechanical and thermal quality and is therefore crucial for the process. The concept of diffusion-controlled kinetics during the curing reaction has been widely reported and documented. However, the systematic study of the influence of vitrification on specific heat, dielectric properties, and/or thermal diffusivity during crosslinking under isothermal and dynamic conditions has never been performed so far. This work investigates the impact of vitrification on the specific heat, ionic conductivity, and thermal diffusivity during dynamic and isothermal curing of an epoxy-amine system.}, language = {en} } @book{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Quantitative Bestimmung lokaler thermischer Eigenschaften in polykristallinem Diamant}, publisher = {K{\"o}ster}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Radiometrie im UV und IR}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Modernste Radiometrie und Photometrie}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltHollandt, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Nearly as hot as the sun: High-temperature fixed-points for radiation thermometry and radiometry}, address = {St. Paul (USA)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Photometrie und Radiometrie}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Legal metrology on clinical thermometers in the European Union}, address = {Tokyo (Japan)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Hartmann, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Radiation thermometry at PTB}, address = {Tokyo (Japan)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannReichling, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Reichling, M.}, title = {Complete Characterisation of local thermal heat transfer in high quality chemical vapour deposited diamond}, address = {Rom (Italien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannReichling, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Reichling, M.}, title = {Microscopic heat transfer in high quality polycrystalline diamond}, address = {Ustron (Polen)}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannKnoppShandyetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Shandy, Amir and Winterstein, Achim and Arduini, Mariacarla and Hemberger, Frank and Vidi, Stephan and Manara, Jochen and M{\"u}ller, Michael}, title = {Thermophysikalische Charakterisierung von W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmschichten}, series = {tm - Technisches Messen}, volume = {88}, journal = {tm - Technisches Messen}, number = {12}, publisher = {Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag}, doi = {10.1515/teme-2021-0074}, abstract = {Die Effizienzsteigerung moderner Gasturbinen erfordert die stetige Anhebung der Betriebstemperatur. Die derzeitigen Brenngastemperaturen liegen mit {\"u}ber 1400 °C signifikant {\"u}ber der kritischen Temperatur der verwendeten Turbinenst{\"a}hle. Zur Gew{\"a}hrleistung der Betriebssicherheit werden die Turbinenschaufeln neben Aktivk{\"u}hlung durch Beschichtung mit thermischen Schutzschichten, sogenannten thermal barrier coatings (TBC), gesch{\"u}tzt. Da es sich bei den TBC um Keramikschichten handelt, ist f{\"u}r die Erh{\"o}hung der Haftfestigkeit das Aufbringen eines Haftvermittlers (Verbindungsschicht) notwendig. Da die Eigenschaften d{\"u}nner Schichten stark von den Eigenschaften des Bulkmaterials abweichen k{\"o}nnen und zudem von der Herstellungsmethode beeinflusst werden, ist eine Untersuchung der thermischen und infrarot-optischen Eigenschaften der tats{\"a}chlichen Schichtstrukturen unumg{\"a}nglich, insbesondere im Hochtemperaturbereich. Hierf{\"u}r wurden Proben des reinen Tr{\"a}gerstahls, des Tr{\"a}gerstahls mit Haftvermittlerschicht und des kompletten Schichtsystems aus Tr{\"a}gerstahl, Haftvermittlerschicht und W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmschicht verschiedener Dicken hergestellt und mittels Laser-Flash-Methode untersucht. Die Auswertung erfolgte dabei analytisch, ausgehend von der Tr{\"a}gerstahl-Einschichtprobe, {\"u}ber die Zweischicht- und Dreischichtsysteme. Vervollst{\"a}ndigt wurden diese Untersuchungen durch infrarot-optische Charakterisierungen, mit denen sich die W{\"a}rmeausbreitung durch die Schichtsysteme beschreiben l{\"a}sst. Zusammen mit den Laser-Flash Messungen erlaubt dies eine sp{\"a}tere Quantifizierung der einzelnen, bei Keramiken auftretenden, W{\"a}rmetransportmechanismen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Knopp, Kevin and Shandy, Amir}, title = {Non-contact detection of the adhesive properties of ceramic coatings for high temperature applications using infrared thermography; Transactions}, publisher = {SMiRT-26}, address = {Berlin/Potsdam}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HarrerDotterweichHartmannetal., author = {Harrer, S. and Dotterweich, C. and Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zink, M. and Schnitzler, Tim and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Hemberger, Frank}, title = {Paraffine als Phasenwechselmaterialen in der elektrischen Isolierung von Hochspannungsbauteilen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannHollandtAnhaltetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg and Anhalt, Klaus and Sperfeld, P. and Sakharov, M. and Pikalev, Yu. and Ogarev, S. and Sapritsky, V.}, title = {Thermodynamic measurements for the melting curves of Re-C, TiC-C, and ZrC-C eutectics}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, address = {Zagrep}, pages = {189 -- 194}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltHollandtetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg and Machin, Graham and Lowe, D. and McEvoy, H. and Sakuma, F. and Ma, L.}, title = {Comparison of the high-temperature scales of the NMIJ and the NPL with the scale of the PTB in the temperature range from 1000 °C up to 2900 °C for measurements within the EU project HIMERT}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, address = {Zagrep}, pages = {1063 -- 1068}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannThomasMaetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Thomas, R. and Ma, C.K. and Steel, A. and Hill, K.}, title = {Bilateral comparison of the local realizations of the ITS-90 between the Silver point and 1700 °C using vacuum Tungsten-strip lamps as transfer standards between NRC and PTB}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, address = {Zagrep}, pages = {1069 -- 1073}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannEdlerAnhalt, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Edler, F. and Anhalt, Klaus}, title = {Novel fixed point cell design for simultaneous contact and non-contact temperature measurement}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, address = {Zagrep}, pages = {873 -- 878}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTaubertFriedrichetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Friedrich, R. and Sperfeld, P. and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Long-Term Stability of the Spectral Responsivity of Filter Radiometers at the PTB}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, address = {Zagrep}, pages = {977 -- 982}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannIshiiFukuzakietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Ishii, J. and Fukuzaki, T. and McEvoy, H.C. and Simpson, R. and Machin, Graham and Gutschwager, B. and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {A comparison of the blackbody cavities for infrared ear thermometers of NMIJ, NPL, and PTB}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, address = {Zagrep}, pages = {1093 -- 1098}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GutschwagerSchillerHartmannetal., author = {Gutschwager, B. and Schiller, S. and Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Hollandt, K.}, title = {A lens-free InGaAs transfer radiation thermometer with an extended calibration range above 960 °C}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, address = {Zagrep}, pages = {605 -- 610}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTaubertFischer, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Fischer, Joachim}, title = {Measurements of T-T90 down to Zinc point temperatures with absolute filter radiometry}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001}, editor = {Fellmuth, B. and Seidel, J. and Scholze, G.}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {377 -- 382}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannReichling, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Reichling, M.}, title = {W{\"a}rmetransport in Kristalliten von CVD-Diamantschichten}, series = {Fr{\"u}hjahrstagung der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, booktitle = {Fr{\"u}hjahrstagung der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, number = {5}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, pages = {616 -- 616}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannReichling, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Reichling, M.}, title = {Der Einfluß von Korngrenzen auf die thermische Leitf{\"a}higkeit von CVD-Diamantschichten}, series = {Fr{\"u}hjahrstagung der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, booktitle = {Fr{\"u}hjahrstagung der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, number = {5}, pages = {6 -- 6}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannHayFleurenceetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Hay, B. and Fleurence, N. and Razouk, R. and Anhalt, Klaus and Sarge, S. and Wu, J. and Milosevic, N. and Cataldi, M. and Lorrette, C. and Knopp, Kevin and Boboridiss, K. and Manara, Jochen and Vidi, Stephan and Pichler, P. and Denner, T.}, title = {Metrological facilities for thermophysical properties measurements at very high temperature}, address = {Darmstadt}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and M{\"u}ller, Michael and M{\"o}ller, F. and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, F. and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Ochs, Dennis and Shandy, Amir}, title = {Non-contact detection of the adhesion properties of ceramic based thermal barrier coatings by determining the surface temperatures using thermography}, address = {Venedig (Italien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and M{\"u}ller, Michael and Ebert, Hans-Peter and M{\"o}ller, F. and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc}, title = {Einsatz von Thermografieger{\"a}ten zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen Detektion der Haftungseigenschaften an keramischen W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmschichten}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannZaengleinKnoppetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Arduini, Mariacarla and Hemberger, Frank and Vidi, Stephan and Manara, Jochen}, title = {Experimentierplattform f{\"u}r dynamische Materialuntersuchung}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Arduini, Mariacarla and Hemberger, Frank and Vidi, Stephan and Manara, Jochen and M{\"u}ller, Michael and M{\"o}ller, F.}, title = {Thermophysikalische Charakterisierung von W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmschichten}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannOchsLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Ochs, Dennis and Lenski, Philipp and Knopp, Kevin and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Arduini, Mariacarla and Hemberger, Frank and Vidi, Stephan}, title = {Untersuchung von Materialeigenschaften additiv gefertigter Proben abh{\"a}ngig von der relativen Dichte}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @techreport{HartmannTaubertFischer, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Fischer, Joachim}, title = {Measurements of T-T90 down to Zinc point temperatures with absolute filter radiometry}, address = {Paris (Frankreich)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EdlerGorgievaHartmannetal., author = {Edler, F. and Gorgieva, M. and Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Wagner, M.}, title = {Comparison of different methods for the determination of undisturbed surface temperature}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2001}, editor = {Fellmuth, B. and Seidel, J. and Scholze, G.}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {1105 -- 1110}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannRothMoritzetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Roth, U. and Moritz, W. and Reichling, M.}, title = {Optimised strategies for thermal re-activation of LaF3/Pt-sensors based on photothermal characterisation}, series = {Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena}, booktitle = {Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena}, editor = {Scudieri, F. and Bertolotti, M.}, address = {Woodbury (New York)}, pages = {398 -- 400}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannReichling, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Reichling, M.}, title = {Complete characterisation of thermal heat transfer in high quality chemical vapour deposited diamond}, series = {Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena}, booktitle = {Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena}, editor = {Scudieri, F. and Bertolotti, M.}, address = {Woodbury (New York)}, pages = {295 -- 299}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Brunner, Martin}, title = {Optische Sensorik f{\"u}r die additive Fertigung}, series = {4SMARTS 2019}, booktitle = {4SMARTS 2019}, isbn = {978-3-8440-6425-4}, pages = {105 -- 116}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannKnoppLenskietal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Ochs, Dennis and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz and Brunner, Martin}, title = {Optische Sensorik f{\"u}r die additive Fertigung}, series = {Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, booktitle = {Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, address = {N{\"u}rnberg}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannSeubertZaenglein, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Seubert, R. and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc}, title = {Development of a Calliper to determine thermal conductivity}, isbn = {978-963-429-131-2}, pages = {21 -- 27}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannZaengleinSeubert, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Seubert, R.}, title = {Development of a Calliper to determine thermal conductivity}, address = {P{\´e}cs (Ungarn)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla}, title = {Ein Versuch zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen nicht-invasiven Qualifizierung der Haftung von W{\"a}rmeschutzschichten}, isbn = {978-3-944659-04-6}, pages = {71 -- 76}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ManaraHartmannRydzeketal., author = {Manara, Jochen and Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Rydzek, M. and Stark, Thomas and Arduini-Schuster, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Bestimmung des Emissionsgrades und Transmissionsgrades keramischer Materialien bei hohen Temperaturen}, isbn = {3-9810021-8-0}, pages = {219 -- 224}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltBuengeretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and B{\"u}nger, L. and Schreiber, Ekkehard and Menz, H.-J. and Neuer, G.}, title = {Hochtemperaturstrahler mit großem {\"O}ffnungsdurchmesser f{\"u}r die praktische Anwendung in Strahlungsthermometrie und Radiometrie}, isbn = {3-9810021-9-9}, pages = {99 -- 106}, language = {de} } @article{HartmannAnhaltLindneretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Lindner, D. and Kr{\"u}ger, U.}, title = {Camera based investigation of high-temperature fixed-points for radiometric application}, series = {Acta Metrologica Sinica}, journal = {Acta Metrologica Sinica}, number = {29}, pages = {76 -- 78}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltLindneretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Lindner, D. and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz}, title = {Camera based investigation of high-temperature fixed-points for radiometric application}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {267 -- 268}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltGutschwageretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Gutschwager, B. and Monte, C. and Sperfeld, P. and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Hollandt, J{\"o}rg}, title = {The PriTeRa facility of PTB for spectral radiance and irradiance calibrations and radiation thermometry in the range from -170 °C up to 3200 °C and from 200 nm up to 50 µm}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {231 -- 232}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannWerner, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Werner, L.}, title = {Comparison and Evaluation of Different Models for the Interpolation of Spectral Responsivity Data}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {309 -- 310}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltMorkel, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Morkel, M.}, title = {Emissivity of tungsten electrodes in discharge lamps at elevated temperatures}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {273 -- 274}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKeawprasertAnhaltetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Keawprasert, T. and Anhalt, Klaus and Taubert, Dieter Richard and Abd ElMageed, A. and Sperling, A.}, title = {Absolute Calibration of Spectral Responsivity for a Radiation Thermomemeter}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {287 -- 288}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannOjanenAnhaltetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Ojanen, M. and Anhalt, Klaus and Weckstr{\"o}m, T. and K{\"a}rh{\"a}, P. and Heinonen, M. and Ikonen, E.}, title = {Comparison of the Radiation Temperature Scales between PTB and MIKES}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {285 -- 286}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannAnhaltSchilleretal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Anhalt, Klaus and Schiller, S. and Schreiber, Ekkehard}, title = {Practical high-temperature furnace for the application in radiometry, photometry and thermometry}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {275 -- 276}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannKhlevnoyRougieetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Khlevnoy, B. and Rougie, B. and Gibson, C. and Yoon, H. and G{\"a}rtner, A. and Taubert, Dieter Richard}, title = {CCPR-S1 Supplementary Comparison for Spectral Radiance in the range of 220 nm to 2500 nm}, series = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, booktitle = {Proceedings of NEWRAD}, pages = {241 -- 242}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannTegeler, author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Tegeler, E.}, title = {Activities in the field of legal metrology and standardisation of clinical thermometers}, series = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Tempmeko 2004}, editor = {Zvizdic, D.}, publisher = {LPM/FSB}, address = {Zagreb}, pages = {1191 -- 1196}, abstract = {Recently the CEN/TC 205/WG 12 Clinical Thermometer has finalised the European standard on clinical thermometers, EN 12470, by implementing the part 5 Clinical thermometers—Performance of infra-red ear thermometers (with maximum device). This last part of the EN 12470 series is dealing with the performance and requirements for infrared ear thermometers. The other four parts are dealing with metallic liquid-in-glass thermometers, phase change-type (dot matrix) thermometers, compact electrical thermometers (non-predictive and predictive), and electrical thermometers for continuous measurement. Beside this European standard there are national standards dealing with clinical thermometers, the most important in the USA and in Japan. In the field of legal metrology there are three OIML recommendations on clinical thermometers, covering the field of mercury-in-glass thermometers (R7), electrical thermometers for continuous measurements (R114), and electrical thermometers with maximum device (R 115).}, language = {en} }