@incollection{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Ber{\"u}hrungslose Temperaturmessung an Verbrennungsgasen bei hohen Temperaturen und hohen Dr{\"u}cken}, series = {20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, booktitle = {20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, isbn = {978-3-9819376-0-2}, publisher = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften W{\"u}rzburg-Schweinfurt}, pages = {183 -- 190}, abstract = {Station{\"a}re Gasturbinen sind von großer Bedeutung f{\"u}r die heutige Energieversorgung. Der Wirkungsgrad einer Gasturbine steigt mit zunehmender Heißgastemperatur an. Turbinenhersteller bzw. Kraftwerksbetreiber sind daher bestrebt, Turbinen bei der h{\"o}chsten materialtechnisch m{\"o}glichen Heißgastemperatur einzusetzen. Eine entsprechende Prozessoptimierung des Turbinenbetriebs setzt somit die exakte Kenntnis der Gastemperaturen w{\"a}hrend des Betriebs und damit eine verl{\"a}ssliche Messung derselben voraus. Zur Messung der Gastemperatur werden derzeit in der Regel Thermoelemente unmittelbar im Abgasstrom platziert. Aufgrund der dort vorherrschenden extremen Bedingungen degradieren diese Sensoren allerdings sehr schnell. Ein alternativer Ansatz sieht die Entwicklung eines ber{\"u}hrungslosen Messverfahrens auf der Grundlage von Strahlungsthermometern vor. F{\"u}r die Umsetzung dieses Vorhabens ist die genaue Kenntnis des Verhaltens der infrarot-optischen Emissions- und Transmissionsspektren der im Abgasstrom enthaltenen Gase bei hohen Temperaturen und Dr{\"u}cken eine wesentliche Voraussetzung. Aus diesem Grund wurde am ZAE Bayern eine Hochtemperatur-Hochdruck-Gaszelle entwickelt, die es in Verbindung mit einem FTIR-Spektrometer erlaubt, Gase und Gasgemische hinsichtlich dieser Gesichtspunkte zu charakterisieren. In dieser Arbeit wird die neue Messapparatur vorgestellt und Gasgemische, die f{\"u}r die Turbinenanwendungen relevant sind, werden analysiert. Zur Identifizierung eines geeigneten Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereichs f{\"u}r die geplante ber{\"u}hrungslose Temperaturmessung wurden erste Messungen durchgef{\"u}hrt, auf deren Grundlage ein ad{\"a}quater Wellenl{\"a}ngenbereich ermittelt werden konnte.}, language = {de} } @article{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Entwicklung und Test eines langwelligen Strahlungsthermometers zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen Temperaturmessung in Gasturbinen w{\"a}hrend des Betriebs}, series = {tm - Technisches Messen}, volume = {85}, journal = {tm - Technisches Messen}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag}, address = {Berlin/Boston}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2017-0077}, pages = {28 -- 39}, abstract = {The aim of this work was the development of a long wavelength infrared radiation thermometer for the non-contact measurement of surface temperatures in stationary gas turbines during operation within the EU-project „Sensors Towards Advanced Monitoring and Control of Gas Turbine Engines (acronym STARGATE)". In this work, the infrared-optical properties of the thermal barrier coatings and the combustion gases were determined at ZAE Bayern at high temperatures up to 1600 K and pressures up to 13 bar. Based on these experimental characterizations, a suitable spectral range could be identified which lies around 10 μm for the long-wavelength infrared radiation thermometer. According to these findings, a laboratory setup with suitable optical components (filters, IR-fibers, etc.) was firstly realized and verified. Subsequently, a prototype for measurements in gas turbines during operation of the turbines has …}, language = {de} } @article{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Infrared-optical characterization of emitting and absorbing gases at high temperatures and high pressures}, series = {High Temperatures - High Pressures}, volume = {47}, journal = {High Temperatures - High Pressures}, number = {1}, pages = {3 -- 21}, abstract = {In the context of the optimization of stationary gas turbines, the surface temperatures of the turbine blades have to be measured by a non-contact technique using radiation thermometers during operation of the turbine. Nowadays turbine blades are protected by thermal barrier coatings. The infrared-optical properties of these coatings require the usage of the MIR or LWIR region for non-contact measurement of the surface temperatures. For performing such measurements and for properly analyzing the derived data, the transmission and absorption spectra of the combustion gas mixture within the turbine were determined at the local conditions during operation of the turbine. Therefore, subject of this work is the measurement of the transmission spectra of carbon dioxide and water vapor at high temperatures and high pressures to identify a wavelength range, which is almost free of absorption and emission effects. In …}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark and Hodge, D.}, title = {Long wavelength infrared radiation thermometry for non-contact temperature measurements in gas turbines}, series = {Infrared Physics \& Technology}, journal = {Infrared Physics \& Technology}, number = {80}, pages = {120 -- 130}, abstract = {The objective of the EU project "Sensors Towards Advanced Monitoring and Control of Gas Turbine Engines (acronym STARGATE)" is the development of a suite of advanced sensors, instrumentation and related systems in order to contribute to the developing of the next generation of green and efficient gas turbine engines. One work package of the project deals with the design and development of a long wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation thermometer for the non-contact measurement of the surface temperature of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) during the operation of gas turbine engines. For opaque surfaces (e.g. metals or superalloys) radiation thermometers which are sensitive in the near or short wavelength infrared are used as state-of-the-art method for non-contact temperature measurements. But this is not suitable for oxide ceramic based TBCs (e.g. partially yttria stabilized zirconia) as oxide ceramics …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Construction, Calibration and Application of a LWIR Pyrometer within the EU Project STARGATE}, address = {Zakopane (Polen)}, abstract = {The EU project STARGATE (Sensors Towards Advanced Monitoring and Control of Gas Turbine Engines) has the headline objective to develop a suite of advanced sensors, instrumentation and related systems in order to contribute to the development of the next generation of green and efficient gas turbine engines. To increase the efficiency of gas turbines higher combustion temperatures and higher turbine inlet temperatures are required. This implies that turbine blades and vanes are exposed to higher temperatures. Advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) based on ceramic materials protect the components from overheating and ensure mechanical integrity. Still, materials and coatings need to be stressed to their limits to reach the challenging goals of an efficiency increase. Under these circumstances, it is crucial to have sensing techniques available that are capable of accurately monitoring the temperature of turbine parts in order to prevent damages within the engine. The approach to overcome current limitations of existing techniques is to use long wavelength infrared (LWIR) pyrometry as TBCs are usually semi-transparent in the near or short wavelength infrared. Therefore one work package within the STARGATE project is dedicated to the development of a LWIR radiation thermometer to measure the surface temperature of TBCs contactless during operation of the gas turbine engines. The paper shortly gives an overview of the investigation performed within the STARGATE project. The construction, calibration and application of the LWIR radiation thermometer is described in detail and results obtained on a test facility are presented. The paper closes with an outlook on future plans of implementing the LWIR pyrometer in the quality system of gas turbine operation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Knopp, Kevin and Shandy, Amir}, title = {Non-contact detection of the adhesive properties of ceramic coatings for high temperature applications using infrared thermography; Transactions}, publisher = {SMiRT-26}, address = {Berlin/Potsdam}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Zipf, Matthias}, title = {Non-contact temperature measurement of combustion gases at high temperatures and high pressures}, address = {Graz ({\"O}sterreich)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and M{\"u}ller, Michael and Ebert, Hans-Peter and M{\"o}ller, F. and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, Franz and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc}, title = {Einsatz von Thermografieger{\"a}ten zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen Detektion der Haftungseigenschaften an keramischen W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmschichten}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark and Hodge, D.}, title = {Development of Long Wavelength Infrared Radiation Thermometry for Measurements in Gas Turbines}, address = {Darmstadt}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Identification of wavelength regions for non-contact temperature measurement of combustion gases at high temperatures and high pressures}, series = {High Temperatures - High Pressures}, volume = {49}, journal = {High Temperatures - High Pressures}, number = {3}, pages = {241 -- 260}, abstract = {Stationary gas turbines are still an important part of today's power supply. With increasing temperature of the hot combustion gas inside a gas turbine, the efficiency factor of the turbine increases. For this reason, it is intended to operate turbines at the highest possible gas temperature. Therefore, in the combustion chamber and especially at the position of the first stage guide vanes the gas temperature needs to be measured reliably. To determine the gas temperature, one promising approach is the application of a non-contact measurement method using a radiation thermometer. A radiation thermometer can measure the gas temperature remotely from outside of the harsh environment. At ZAE Bayern, a high temperature and high pressure gas cell has been developed for this purpose in order to investigate gases and gas mixtures under defined conditions at high pressures and high temperatures. This gas cell can …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and M{\"u}ller, Michael and M{\"o}ller, F. and Kr{\"u}ger, U. and Schmidt, F. and Knopp, Kevin and Lenski, Philipp and Z{\"a}nglein, Marc and Ochs, Dennis and Shandy, Amir}, title = {Non-contact detection of the adhesion properties of ceramic based thermal barrier coatings by determining the surface temperatures using thermography}, address = {Venedig (Italien)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {High temperature test-rig for emissvity and non-contact temperature measurements}, address = {Graz ({\"O}sterreich)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannZipfManaraetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zipf, Matthias and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Non-Contact Temperature Measurement Of Combustion Gases at High Temperatures and High Pressures}, address = {Zakopane (Polen)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ManaraHartmannRydzeketal., author = {Manara, Jochen and Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Rydzek, M. and Stark, Thomas and Arduini-Schuster, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Bestimmung des Emissionsgrades und Transmissionsgrades keramischer Materialien bei hohen Temperaturen}, isbn = {3-9810021-8-0}, pages = {219 -- 224}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraEbertetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Lenhart-Rydzek, M. and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew}, title = {LWIR pyrometry for the measurement of thermal barrier coatings within the EU project STARGATE}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Long Wavelength Infrared Radiation Thermometry for Non-Contact Temperature Measurements in Gas Turbines}, address = {London}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraStarketal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Zipf, Matthias and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Entwicklung und Test eines langwelligen Strahlungsthermometers zur ber{\"u}hrungslosen Temperaturmessung in Gasturbinen w{\"a}hrend des Betriebs}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-944659-04-6}, pages = {43 -- 48}, language = {de} } @article{JuergenArduiniManaraetal., author = {J{\"u}rgen, Hartmann and Arduini, Mariacarla and Manara, Jochen and Stark, Thomas and Ebert, Hans-Peter}, title = {Development and Evaluation of an Improved Apparatus for Measuring the Emissivity at High Temperatures}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {21}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {18}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s21186252}, abstract = {An improved apparatus for measuring the spectral directional emissivity in the wavelength range between 1 µm and 20 µm at temperatures up to 2400 K is presented in this paper. As a heating unit an inductor is used to warm up the specimen, as well as the blackbody reference to the specified temperatures. The heating unit is placed in a double-walled vacuum vessel. A defined temperature, as well as a homogenous temperature distribution of the whole surrounding is ensured by a heat transfer fluid flowing through the gap of the double-walled vessel. Additionally, the surrounding is coated with a high-emitting paint and serves as blackbody-like surrounding to ensure defined boundary conditions. For measuring the spectral directional emissivity at different emission angles, a movable mirror is installed in front of the specimen, which can be adjusted by a rotatable arrangement guiding the emitted radiation into the attached FTIR-spectrometer. The setup of the emissivity measurement apparatus (EMMA) and the measurement procedure are introduced, and the derived measurement results are presented. For evaluating the apparatus, measurements were performed on different materials. The determined emissivities agree well with values published in literature within the derived relative uncertainties below 4\% for most wavelengths.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark and Hodge, D.}, title = {Development of Long Wavelength Infrared Radiation Thermometry for Measurements in Gas Turbines}, address = {Darmstadt}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannManaraZipfetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Manara, Jochen and Zipf, Matthias and Stark, Thomas and Arduini, Mariacarla and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Tutschke, Andreas and Hallam, Andrew and Hanspal, Jagdevinder and Langley, Mark}, title = {Development and validation of a long wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation thermometer for contactless temperature measurements in gas turbines during operation}, series = {EVI-GTI and PIWG Joint Conference on Gas Turbine Instrumentation}, booktitle = {EVI-GTI and PIWG Joint Conference on Gas Turbine Instrumentation}, publisher = {IET}, pages = {1 -- 26}, abstract = {A collection of slides from the author's conference presentation is given. The presentation introduces the infrared-optical characterization of thermal barrier coatings and the development of LWIR pyrometer for measuring temperature in an operating gas turbine. The test facility for evaluating the LWIR pyrometer is also presented. This presentation includes the experimental setup for LWIR calibration and measurement.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HartmannHarrerDotterweichetal., author = {Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Harrer, S. and Dotterweich, C. and Zink, Markus H. and Hemberger, Frank and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Schnitzler, Tim}, title = {Phase change materials for use in thermally and electrically stressed insulation for high voltage applications}, series = {2016 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference}, booktitle = {2016 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-4673-8706-4}, pages = {605 -- 608}, abstract = {The temperature of high voltage equipment is often the limiting factor when transmitting electrical energy because the electrical insulation can get severely aged when the temperature is exceeding a certain limit. Hence, cooling has to be improved or heat generation must be reduced to avoid damage of the insulation. In this paper a new method was examined by investigating electrically insulating phase change materials which are able to store latent heat during a phase change from the solid to liquid state in times of high energy demand. To verify the electrically insulating properties of paraffins, one class of phase change materials, a special test cell was designed allowing the determination of breakdown voltage of phase change materials. The measurements on one paraffin sample proved the promising electrical insulating properties and it was shown that the breakdown voltage in the liquid state is comparable …}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZinkDotterweichHartmannetal., author = {Zink, Markus H. and Dotterweich, C. and Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Harrer, S. and Hemberger, F. and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Schnitzler, Tim}, title = {Phase Change Materials for Use in Thermally and Electrically Stressed Insulation for High Voltage Applications}, series = {IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference}, volume = {2016}, booktitle = {IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference}, pages = {605 -- 608}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HarrerDotterweichHartmannetal., author = {Harrer, S. and Dotterweich, C. and Hartmann, J{\"u}rgen and Zink, M. and Schnitzler, Tim and Ebert, Hans-Peter and Hemberger, Frank}, title = {Paraffine als Phasenwechselmaterialen in der elektrischen Isolierung von Hochspannungsbauteilen}, language = {de} }