@article{BlanzMummendeyOtten, author = {Blanz, Mathias and Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Otten, Sabine}, title = {Wahrgenommene Motive f{\"u}r soziale Diskriminierung}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialpsychologie}, volume = {26}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialpsychologie}, pages = {135 -- 147}, language = {de} } @article{BlanzMummendeyOtten, author = {Blanz, Mathias and Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Otten, Sabine}, title = {Perceptions of relative group size and group status}, series = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, volume = {25}, journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, number = {2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420250208}, pages = {231 -- 247}, abstract = {The positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination proposes a threshold for ingroup favouritism within the negative domain: in contrast to comparable studies dealing with in- and outgroup evaluations on positive attributes, ingroup favouritism does not occur when negative attributes are used. The present study focuses on two aspects of this threshold: it investigates processes, which may influence the absence of ingroup favouritism in the negative domain, and it tests 'aggravating' variables, which seem to be suficient to elicit ingroup favouritism even in the negative domain. Results show that ingroup favouritism occurred within the negative domain when several aggravating conditions were included, namely high salience of size- and status- similarity between groups and high ingroup identification. Furthermore, subjects under minimal conditions tended to overestimate relative size as well as relative status of their ingroup. The perception of group members to belong to a high status majority is interpreted as a sufficient condition counteracting tendencies towards ingroup favouritism within the negative domain.}, language = {en} } @article{SchruijerBlanzMummendeyetal., author = {Schruijer, Sandra and Blanz, Mathias and Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Tedeschi, Jim and Banfai, Beata and Dittmar, Helga and Kleibaumh{\"u}ter, Petra and Mahjoub, Abdelwahab and Mandrosz-Wroblewska, Joanna and Molinari, Luisa and Petillon, Xavier}, title = {The group-serving bias in evaluating and explaining harmful behavior}, series = {The Journal of Social Psychology}, volume = {134}, journal = {The Journal of Social Psychology}, number = {1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1994.9710882}, pages = {47 -- 53}, abstract = {Group-serving biases in evaluating and explaining harmful behavior were investigated. Members of the Italian Communist party judged and explained an in-group or an out-group actor's harmful behavior toward an in-group or an out-group victim. The results support the notion of an in-group bias: Out-group actors were perceived as more aggressive and intentional in their actions than in-group actors. An in-group bias was also observed with regard to predictions about whether the victim would attempt retaliation. Group-based explanations were used more often when the group identities of actor and victim were different than when they were the same.}, language = {en} } @article{BlanzMummendeyMielkeetal., author = {Blanz, Mathias and Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Mielke, Rosemarie and Klink, Andreas}, title = {Wechselseitige Differenzierung zwischen sozialen Gruppen: Ein Vorhersagemodell der Theorie der sozialen Identit{\"a}t}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialpsychologie}, volume = {29}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialpsychologie}, number = {3}, pages = {239 -- 259}, abstract = {Hypotheses derived from social identity theory (Tajfel, 1978) were tested by investigating intergroup differentiation between 2 natural groups. In line with the predictions, members of the low status group (East Germans) favored their in-group (IG) on the status-unrelated (social) comparison dimension, while members of the high status group (West Germans) perceived their IG to be superior on the status-related (material) dimension. The more group members favored their IG over the out-group (OG), the more they emphasized the relative relevance of the pertinent comparative dimension for their IG. Furthermore, a predictive model of intergroup differentiation was tested in which IG favoritism was set to be a function of the perceived stability and legitimacy of the status-difference as well as the perceived permeability of group boundaries. The results showed that members of the low status group favored their IG on the status-unrelated dimension the more the intergroup structure was perceived as being stable, illegitimate, and impermeable and the more they identified themselves with their East-German IG. On the other hand, members of the high status group favored their IG on the status related dimension the more legitimate they perceived the status-difference between both groups.}, language = {de} } @article{BlanzMummendeyMielkeetal., author = {Blanz, Mathias and Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Mielke, Rosemarie and Klink, Andreas}, title = {Responding to negative social identity: A taxonomy of identity management strategies}, series = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, volume = {28}, journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, number = {5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199809/10)28:5\%3C697::AID-EJSP889\%3E3.0.CO;2-\%23}, pages = {697 -- 729}, abstract = {Taken from literature on social identity theory and social comparison theory, 12 strategies of identity management were identified as possible responses to negative social identity. A taxonomy with two orthogonal axes is proposed as theoretical organization of these diverse strategies. While the first axis considers responses as being either individual or collective, the second axis refers to the distinction between behaviours and cognitions. It is assumed that the German unification process implied a lower status position of East Germans relative to West Germans on relevant comparison dimensions, and that East Germans have to deal with this threat to their identity. Hence, data of an East German sample are used to empirically systematize identity management strategies, and, thus, to test the proposed taxonomy. Results support the expected four-factor solution only for those strategies taken from social identity theory, while the responses derived from social comparison research build a fifth factor. In addition, the empirical assignments of strategies to cells of the taxonomy are only partly in line with the expected pattern. The empirical findings suggest some clarification and modifications of the proposed response taxonomy. The most important refers to a re-interpretation of the taxonomy's first axis, which now differentiates between responses according to the specific changes of the comparison parameters they imply.}, language = {en} } @article{BlanzMummendeyOtten, author = {Blanz, Mathias and Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Otten, Sabine}, title = {Normative evaluations and frequency expectations regarding positive versus negative outcome allocations between groups}, series = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, volume = {27}, journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, number = {2}, doi = {https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199703)27:2\%3C165::AID-EJSP812\%3E3.0.CO;2-3}, pages = {165 -- 176}, abstract = {Data from several recent studies consistently show a positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination: within a minimal social situation tendencies towards ingroup favouritism which usually appear in allocations of positively valenced resources are absent in the domain of negatively valenced stimuli. The present study investigates whether this valence-asymmetry has any correspondence to variations in normative evaluations of positive versus negative outcome allocations. For this purpose perceptions of normative appropriateness as well as frequency expectations of outside observers regarding outcome allocations made by categorized group members were investigated. Results show that parity choices were perceived as more normatively appropriate than out- or ingroup favouritism. While outgroup favouritism was judged as inappropriate as ingroup favouritism for positive resources, ingroup favouring decisions for negative resources were perceived as the least appropriate response within the minimal social situation. In addition, in contrast to results of St. Claire and Turner (1982) non-categorized subjects expected ingroup favouring decisions by group members more frequently than parity or outgroup favouring choices with respect to positively valanced resources. When, however, negative resources were to be allocated, outgroup favouritism was predominantly expected. Results are discussed in terms of justice considerations and are linked to a normative account of the positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination.}, language = {en} } @article{HaegerMummendeyMielkeetal., author = {Haeger, Gabi and Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Mielke, Rosemarie and Blanz, Mathias and Kanning, U. P.}, title = {Zum Zusammenhang von negativer sozialer Identit{\"a}t und Vergleichen zwischen Personen und Gruppen: Eine Felduntersuchung in Ost- und Westdeutschland}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialpsychologie}, volume = {27}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialpsychologie}, number = {4}, pages = {259 -- 277}, abstract = {Studied interactions between social identity (SI) and social comparisons (SCs) in East German and West German populations to test the assumptions that East Germans feel inferior when comparing themselves to West Germans and that their negative SI can be improved by alternative SCs. Human Ss: 35 normal male and female East German adults (aged 21-57 yrs) (mixed occupations) (Study 1). 226 normal male and female East German adults (mean age 38 yrs) (Study 2). 123 normal male and female West German adults (mean age 38 yrs) (Study 2). In individual interviews, the Ss in Study 1 were asked to indicate the types of SCs they considered relevant for their own life satisfaction (LS) and for the LS of East Germans in general. Study 2 focused on assessing strategies for improving a negative SI. The Ss completed questionnaires assessing (1) their satisfaction with their own and their group's (East Germans or West Germans) life situations and (2) characteristics of their SCs (i.e., the subjects, objects, dimensions, and outcomes of the SCs). Interactions between LS and SCs were analyzed, and results for East German and West German Ss were compared.}, language = {de} } @article{OttenMummendeyBlanz, author = {Otten, Sabine and Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Blanz, Mathias}, title = {Intergroup discrimination in positive and negative outcome-allocations: Impact of stimulus valence, relative group status, and relative group size. Personality and Social Psychology}, series = {Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin}, volume = {22}, journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin}, number = {6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167296226003}, pages = {568 -- 581}, abstract = {Three studies investigated the determination of social discrimination by the valence of stimuli that are allocated between groups. The studies were based on either the minimal group paradigm or a more reality-based laboratory intergroup setting, with stimulus valence, group status, and group size as factors and with pull scores on Taifel matrices as dependent variables. In general, the results showed that group members did not discriminate against the out-group when allocating negative stimuli, where as for positive stimuli the typical in-group bias was found. However, those participants whose positive social identity was threatened by assigning them to inferior or minority groups showed an increased willingness to favor the in-group over the out-group in the allocation of both positive and negative stimuli.}, language = {en} } @article{BlanzMummendeyOtten, author = {Blanz, Mathias and Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Otten, Sabine}, title = {Positive-negative-asymmetry in social discrimination: The impact of stimulus-valence and size- and status-differentials on intergroup evaluations}, series = {British Journal of Social Psychology}, volume = {34}, journal = {British Journal of Social Psychology}, number = {4}, doi = {https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01074.x}, pages = {409 -- 419}, abstract = {Examined the influence of stimulus valence (positive vs negative) and size and status differentials on intergroup differentiation, using a sample of 276 Ss. The dependent measures included evaluative attributes which referred either to a status-related or to a status-unrelated dimension. Ss took part in group experiments in which minority-majority conditions were present and in which groups had to rate each other. As expected, generally there was in-group favoritism in the positive domain in which inferior minorities showed highest biases. In-group favoring evaluations in the negative domain appeared only under aggravating conditions (i.e., when the in-group had inferior and minority status). However, while this pattern of findings was true with respect to status-unrelated measures, there was a mere reproduction of the status manipulations on measures which were related to the status differential.}, language = {en} } @article{MummendeyKlinkMielkeetal., author = {Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Klink, Andreas and Mielke, Rosemarie and Wenzel, Michael and Blanz, Mathias}, title = {Socio-structural characteristics of intergroup relations and identity management strategies: Results from a field study in East Germany}, series = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, volume = {29}, journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, number = {2-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199903/05)29:2/3\%3C259::AID-EJSP927\%3E3.0.CO;2-F}, pages = {259 -- 285}, abstract = {In a field study in East Germany, predictions by Social Identity Theory concerning relations among socio-structural characteristics of intergroup relations (stability, legitimacy, permeability) and identity management strategies (e.g. social competition) were examined. In general, East Germans were expected to consider their status position as inferior compared to West Germans. Moreover, depending on whether they regard such a status difference as legitimate or illegitimate, as stable or unstable, and whether they perceive group boundaries as permeable or impermeable, East German participants should differ with respect to identity management strategies such as change of status relations, change of categorization, change of comparison dimension, change of comparison object and change of group membership. Five hundred and seventeen participants from different regions of East Germany completed a questionnaire on various aspects of life satisfaction. A path model including stability, legitimacy and permeability as predictors, ingroup identification as mediator and identity management strategies as criteria was tested. Results are mainly in line with assumptions on main effects derived from Social Identity Theory. However, some extensions and clarifications with respect to assimilation situations seem to be adequate. In addition, results show that ingroup identification can be regarded as a powerful mediator between perceived intergroup relations and identity management strategies.}, language = {en} }