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Die Fußgängerbrücke am Stern-Center in Potsdam wurde vor sieben Jahren in Betrieb genommen. Seitdem werden sowohl von der Brückenverwaltung als auch von den Nutzern deutlich spürbare Schwingungen beim überqueren der Brücke festgestellt, die Anlaß zu Beunruhigungen geben.
Ziel der durchgeführten Untersuchungen war es, das Schwingungsverhalten und die Schwingungsursachen der Schrägseilbrücke anhand von Messungen zu identifizieren und ein geeignetes FE-Rechenmodell zu entwickeln, das die dynamischen Wirkungen hinreichend genau erfaßt.
Facades must meet with continuously increasing requirements concerning design quality and technical performance. It will be shown that neither extremely simplifying nor highly detailed simulation tools with complete geometrical representation really help to develop new facade types during the early stages of design. Due to simplified physical modelling, conceptual variations may not be adequately represented and this means that different properties cannot be seen. Detailed simulation programs provide proof - but in most cases only with regard to a single aspect of facade qualities – of whether a well defined set of parameters is already given and if an adequate representation is already integrated. This often prevents the perception of interdependencies and hinders the
development of ideas. Based on the author’s experience concerning simulation techniques and the process of facade consultancy services, a method with an adapted degree of abstraction was developed. Combined modelling of thermal, sound insulation and ventilation aspects during early design stages is described and a new multilayered facade is presented.
Roebling became acquainted with Navier's theory at the Berlin Bauakademie in 1824/25. During his road planning work in Westphalia, he developed several suspension bridge projects in 1828. Roebling's travels along the Rhein and Ruhr in the winter of 1828 were connected with these projects. Roebling supplemented his notes on Dietlein's bridge-building lectures at the Berlin Bauakademie with excerpts from newer literature on suspension bridges. Under the title "Remarks on Bridge Construction" he discussed the results of his studies. Four known bridge projects can be distinguished. Two are only elaborated as an idea, in one case the project is only known by official letters. Only in the case of the Freienohl Bridge is there an exact description of the project. None of them have been brought to realization. Security considerations of the Berlin Oberbaudeputation probably led to the decision not to execute Roebling's Finnentrop project. This decision ought to be understood within the context of a bridge collapse in Nienburg /Saale in December 1825. When Roebling immigrated to the United States, he used his knowledge in construction methods and experiences with an experimental approach. For this reason, it is interesting to compare the early German projects with his first American bridges. While Roebling's first canal aqueducts combined suspension bridges with trusses, the Niagara Bridge marks a radical step forward to another dimension and to a new approach that emphasized thinking in terms of "systems". Interestingly, he also consistently maintained his construction principle for attaining stability by using rigid, wrapped main cables, inclined stays and wooden trusswork. Although he later used wrought iron profiles, he continued to use wooden constructions in his basic plans for a long time. There is no evidence that he made any contribution to the theories of trusses in a manner comparable with Whipple, Culmann, Gerber or others. Roebling's special talent lay in his constructive gifts.
Today, digital learning resources in architecture are spread over a growing number of repositories world-wide. Students of architecture face increasing problems finding and being aware of appropriate learning resources they need within their collaborative and/or exploratory learning scenarios. The Metadata for Architectural Contents in Europe (MACE) system addresses these issues by intelligently aggregating and linking information about learning resources from various repositories. We show how, by establishing explicit relations between the learning resources and by adding community features, students are supported in their learning activities. First experiments indicate that the chosen approach improves the results students can achieve in their studies.
Causes of the deformation of the universally known 17th century Tilla-Kori Mosque of the Registan ensemble in Samarkand are examined. Results of geomechanical investigations and geodesic observations, analysis, construction, and design of elements for the strengthening of the bed and foundation and their implementation are described.
Background
Conservators and architects working with built heritage at risk from ground moisture intrusion face a difficult choice. Leaving the building unprotected can lead to moisture related deterioration; installing vertical and/or horizontal barriers using standard materials requires chemical or mechanical intervention with the historic fabric. The use of compacted clay to form a barrier is commonplace in some areas of environmental engineering, and can be applied to built heritage conservation. Naturally occurring or slightly modified soils were traditionally used for protecting buildings in a number of vernacular techniques. Knowledge of what types of soils are suitable for use could provide certain regions with a low-cost, low-impact alternative for protecting historic buildings. Three commercially available products previously shown to have low hydraulic conductivity were analysed in order to identify waterproofing mechanisms; these included two specialised bentonite–sand mixtures and a Saxonian glacial till.
Results
The till relies on a high proportion of densely agglomerated fine grains to achieve a low permeability when consolidated, possibly assisted by the presence of calcite. The specialised mixtures rely on an engineered grain size distribution, with practically no silt sized grains, and a fraction of sodium bentonites capable of forming colloidal suspension when compacted. All materials showed a low risk of shrinkage when compacted at optimum moisture content.
Conclusion
Different mechanisms appear to account for the low hydraulic conductivities found in clay barrier material. The implication is that a range of soil material may be suitable for protecting built heritage from ground moisture intrusion and its associated decay mechanisms. The suitability of glacial till may present large areas of Northern Europe with locally available barrier material.
Das alte Frankfurt
(2019)
On the eve of the celebration of the 90th anniversary of 1929’s CIAM, the city of Frankfurt is again the center of international attention thanks to a project related to housing and the city, which represents, however, the opposite of the experience of Das neue Frankfurt. I refer to the Dom-Römer, the heart of the historical city, destroyed by bombing during WWII, replaced in the post-war period by the Technisches Rathaus, and now “rebuilt” in total adherence to the historical parcel plan as a new residential and commercial district. Regarding mass public housing, with minimal individual dwelling cells and standardized construction conceived by Ernst May, an equally public intervention is now opposed, but with a few individual houses and owned apartments for upper-middle-class customers, unique in their exceptionality, constructed with traditional techniques and finished with craftsmanship, case by case. The modernistic idea of low-density monofunctional satellite neighborhoods on the edge of the consolidated city, based on repetition of typed elements and on correct orientation of buildings in order to grant air and light, at the expenses of a clear definition of public space, is replaced today, in the core the city, by the medieval plan, with its irregular parcels and the narrow, winding dark alleys, high density and multifunctional buildings, and a strongly characterized public space. The positions are of course diametrically opposed also with respect to the roof dispute, which animated architects at the beginning of the 20th century: strictly flat roofs in the new Frankfurt of the 1920s and pitched roofs in the gabled houses of the ancient contemporary Frankfurt. From the parallel between these two experiences, so different from one another that they are almost incomparable, important elements emerge to understand the current debate on the architecture of the European city, particularly in Germany.
Im Zuge gesellschaftlicher, ökonomischer und ökologischer Transformationsprozesse haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren auch für Schulen als städtebauliche Ressource verschiedene Parameter verändert: Das Lernen wird individueller und digitaler, der Unterricht gestaltet sich offener und prozessorientierter, multiprofessionelle Teams vernetzen das Lernen in der Schule mit dem Lernen an anderen Lernorten. Daraus resultierend müssen Lernumgebungen in Zukunft nicht nur mehr Anforderungen erfüllen, sie müssen gleichzeitig differenzierter und variabler sein. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Schulen heute nicht mehr nur Lern-, sondern vor allem auch Lebensorte sind.
All diese Änderungen stellen im Schulbauplanungsprozess bisher ungelöste Herausforderungen dar. Um diesen zu begegnen, ist es wichtig, die Perspektive der Nutzer*innen von Beginn an zentral mit einfließen zu lassen. Dafür müssen solide und wiederholbare Beteiligungsverfahren entwickelt werden, die sowohl für die involvierten Lehrkräfte als auch für die Schüler*innen der unterschiedlichen Jahrgangsstufen geeignet sind.
Im Rahmen der Planung eines neuen Schulstandorts in der brandenburgischen Landeshauptstadt Potsdam wurde ein Projekt der Nutzer*innenbeteiligung in der „Phase Null“ initiiert, um gemeinsam eine Vision für einen zukunftsfähigen Schulbau zu entwickeln. Verschiedene Akteur*innengruppen der späteren Nutzer*innen – von Schulleitung über Lehrer*innenkollegium, bis hin zu Schüler*innen, Eltern und Anwohner*innen des Stadtteils – skizzierten in sowohl gleichartig als auch divers besetzten Workshops Positionen und Wünsche für die bauliche Umsetzung.
Infolge einer umfangreichen Evaluation der einzelnen Workshops können für Projekte ähnlichen Charakters der Nutzer*innenbeteiligung beim kommunalen Schulbau mit dem vorliegenden Leitfaden Erfahrungswerte und Handlungsempfehlungen bereitgestellt werden.