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- FB3 Bauingenieurwesen (17) (entfernen)
The focus of the summer school was on interdisciplinary cooperation. Students and lecturers from the Potsdam University of the three building studies (Architecture and Urban planning, Civil Engineering and Conservation and Restoration) as well as from the Uzbek side from the fields of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Applied Arts devoted themselves to the building with different tasks. A key project goal was to enable students to perceive, recognize and examine a building through long-term study on the spot under professional guidance from various disciplines. They got to know different approaches to a monument together, to practice different investigation and measurement methods and to discuss and interpret the results obtained.
Die Fußgängerbrücke am Stern-Center in Potsdam wurde vor sieben Jahren in Betrieb genommen. Seitdem werden sowohl von der Brückenverwaltung als auch von den Nutzern deutlich spürbare Schwingungen beim überqueren der Brücke festgestellt, die Anlaß zu Beunruhigungen geben.
Ziel der durchgeführten Untersuchungen war es, das Schwingungsverhalten und die Schwingungsursachen der Schrägseilbrücke anhand von Messungen zu identifizieren und ein geeignetes FE-Rechenmodell zu entwickeln, das die dynamischen Wirkungen hinreichend genau erfaßt.
Facades must meet with continuously increasing requirements concerning design quality and technical performance. It will be shown that neither extremely simplifying nor highly detailed simulation tools with complete geometrical representation really help to develop new facade types during the early stages of design. Due to simplified physical modelling, conceptual variations may not be adequately represented and this means that different properties cannot be seen. Detailed simulation programs provide proof - but in most cases only with regard to a single aspect of facade qualities – of whether a well defined set of parameters is already given and if an adequate representation is already integrated. This often prevents the perception of interdependencies and hinders the
development of ideas. Based on the author’s experience concerning simulation techniques and the process of facade consultancy services, a method with an adapted degree of abstraction was developed. Combined modelling of thermal, sound insulation and ventilation aspects during early design stages is described and a new multilayered facade is presented.
Roebling became acquainted with Navier's theory at the Berlin Bauakademie in 1824/25. During his road planning work in Westphalia, he developed several suspension bridge projects in 1828. Roebling's travels along the Rhein and Ruhr in the winter of 1828 were connected with these projects. Roebling supplemented his notes on Dietlein's bridge-building lectures at the Berlin Bauakademie with excerpts from newer literature on suspension bridges. Under the title "Remarks on Bridge Construction" he discussed the results of his studies. Four known bridge projects can be distinguished. Two are only elaborated as an idea, in one case the project is only known by official letters. Only in the case of the Freienohl Bridge is there an exact description of the project. None of them have been brought to realization. Security considerations of the Berlin Oberbaudeputation probably led to the decision not to execute Roebling's Finnentrop project. This decision ought to be understood within the context of a bridge collapse in Nienburg /Saale in December 1825. When Roebling immigrated to the United States, he used his knowledge in construction methods and experiences with an experimental approach. For this reason, it is interesting to compare the early German projects with his first American bridges. While Roebling's first canal aqueducts combined suspension bridges with trusses, the Niagara Bridge marks a radical step forward to another dimension and to a new approach that emphasized thinking in terms of "systems". Interestingly, he also consistently maintained his construction principle for attaining stability by using rigid, wrapped main cables, inclined stays and wooden trusswork. Although he later used wrought iron profiles, he continued to use wooden constructions in his basic plans for a long time. There is no evidence that he made any contribution to the theories of trusses in a manner comparable with Whipple, Culmann, Gerber or others. Roebling's special talent lay in his constructive gifts.
Background
Conservators and architects working with built heritage at risk from ground moisture intrusion face a difficult choice. Leaving the building unprotected can lead to moisture related deterioration; installing vertical and/or horizontal barriers using standard materials requires chemical or mechanical intervention with the historic fabric. The use of compacted clay to form a barrier is commonplace in some areas of environmental engineering, and can be applied to built heritage conservation. Naturally occurring or slightly modified soils were traditionally used for protecting buildings in a number of vernacular techniques. Knowledge of what types of soils are suitable for use could provide certain regions with a low-cost, low-impact alternative for protecting historic buildings. Three commercially available products previously shown to have low hydraulic conductivity were analysed in order to identify waterproofing mechanisms; these included two specialised bentonite–sand mixtures and a Saxonian glacial till.
Results
The till relies on a high proportion of densely agglomerated fine grains to achieve a low permeability when consolidated, possibly assisted by the presence of calcite. The specialised mixtures rely on an engineered grain size distribution, with practically no silt sized grains, and a fraction of sodium bentonites capable of forming colloidal suspension when compacted. All materials showed a low risk of shrinkage when compacted at optimum moisture content.
Conclusion
Different mechanisms appear to account for the low hydraulic conductivities found in clay barrier material. The implication is that a range of soil material may be suitable for protecting built heritage from ground moisture intrusion and its associated decay mechanisms. The suitability of glacial till may present large areas of Northern Europe with locally available barrier material.
Energiesparende Holzbauweise
(1999)