610 Medizin und Gesundheit
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This paper studies the dynamics of identity and status management within groups in collaborative settings. We present an agent-based simulation model for group interaction rooted in social psychological theory. The model integrates affect control theory with networked interaction structures and sequential behavior protocols as they are often encountered in task groups. By expressing status hierarchy through network structure, we build a bridge between expectation states theory and affect control theory, and are able to reproduce central results from the expectation states research program in sociological social psychology. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the model can be applied to analyze specialized task groups or sub-cultural domains by combining it with empirical data sources. As an example, we simulate groups of open-source software developers and analyze how cultural expectations influence the occupancy of high status positions in these groups.
Stem cell research has been a fast growing, highly successful, and at the
same time highly controversial field in recent years. Using a highly optimized
author co-citation analysis methodology to study the intellectual structure
of this field over the time period 2004–2009, we find that the induced
pluripotent stem cell breakthrough that earned Shinya Yamanaka the 2012
Nobel Prize in Medicine did indeed quickly redefine its entire research field,
and thus might truly qualify as a “paradigm shift” in Kuhn’s sense.
Angststörungen zählen zu den häufigsten psychischen Störungen. Ein Großteil der Betroffenen leidet zudem an weiteren psychischen Störungen. Der Band stellt die aktuellen Klassifikationen der Angsterkrankungen und psychoanalytische Konzeptualisierungen vor. Für unterschiedliche Entwicklungsniveaus der psychischen Struktur beschreiben die Autoren charakteristische Umgangsweisen mit Angst und die mit ihnen verbundenen Angststörungen und Konflikte. Auf diesen Konzepten bauen Behandlungsmodelle für die verschiedenen Angststörungen auf. Strukturelle Einschränkungen, intrapsychische und interpersonelle Konflikte werden mit Fallbeispielen illustriert, Verbindungen zu nicht-psychoanalytischen Therapieansätzen betont. Die Autoren stellen psychoanalytische Behandlungskonzepte ausführlich dar und geben Hinweise zur Indikationsstellung für Kurz- und Langzeittherapien.
„Das Leben wird vorwärts gelebt und rückwärts verstanden,“ hat der dänische
Philosoph Sören Kierkegaard einmal geschrieben. Mit anderen Worten: Der Lebensweg nach vorn wird zwar ständig durch eine Fülle von Kontingenzen mitbestimmt; aber der Blick zurück deutet dann das „So-und-nicht-anders-Gewordensein“ weitgehend als Ergebnis der Abfolge von mehr oder weniger schlüssigen Schritten. Nur ab und zu überkommt das sich selbst historisierende Individuum die zwar a-historische,
aber herausfordernde, manchmal auch beunruhigende Frage: „Was wäre gewesen, wenn ich damals nicht ...?“ Ebenso kontrafaktisch ist mit Blick auf historisch herausragende Figuren die Überlegung, was aus ihnen wohl
geworden wäre, wenn sie sich an einem bestimmten Weichenstellungspunkt
ihrer Karriere für eine andere als die von ihnen dann tatsächlich eingeschlagene und zu ihrer späteren historischen Bedeutung führenden Richtung entschieden hätten.
The Covid-19 pandemic and resulting damage is often portrayed in staggering numbers and statistics. This article offers, by contrast, a personal and qualitative account of employees, volunteers, and young residents at a refugee home in Berlin, Germany. Through the story of a boy who has spent the past 4 years in several of Berlin’s 84 remaining refugee accommodations, we examine the inequalities that already existed in Germany and how the pandemic has exacerbated them. To provide ample context, we critically assess the so-called Welcome Classes that children and teens have been attending since their arrival to the country in or around 2015 and argue that the segregation experienced at school mirrors the isolation from the host society that refugees and people seeking asylum are subjected to residentially. We then present an emergency response to school closures: A digital homework mentorship program designed to mitigate the heightened barriers to social interaction and access to education brought about by the pandemic. We explore the sociocultural theory underpinning the program, describe its methods, and offer a qualitative evaluation of the results. Finally, we discuss how the informal education intervention helps fill gaps in the system, offering an approach that can be used going forward to promote learning, social-emotional development, and inclusion of young people with migration and refugee backgrounds.
In this paper, we outline the process applied in designing and developing an interactive and networked music system for people with dementia. We first describe the strategy we used to include both people with dementia and caretakers. As the symptoms of dementia vary greatly, we decided to address this diversity of needs. We describe the use-scenarios, which illustrate how people with dementia can gain access to curated selections of biographically meaningful music and take part in music therapy even if restricted mobility prevents their physical presence at sessions. Secondly, we focus on the structural and aesthetic requirements for the interaction design of tangible and screen-based user-interfaces. We conclude with issues of usability and levels of playfulness based on interactive prototypes that differ in complexity and form, and we share proposals for designing with and for dementia patients.
Virtual Reality (VR) applications play an increasingly important role in the context of mental health. While VR-based therapeutic interventions are increasingly well-established, the application of VR in the field of mental health awareness represents a novel and promising development. We present our mental health awareness VR application “hopohopo”, in which the user takes the perspective of a person suffering from social anxiety. Through the VR journey, the user experiences what it could feel like to suffer from constant fear of being negatively judged by others in everyday social situations. The aim of the application is to allow nonaffected users to expand their knowledge and to raise mental health awareness. In this paper, we report our findings on the potential of this immersive VR application for psychoeducation and destigmatization of social anxiety. In this respect, we provide the scope of our VR application and first results of its ongoing usability and usefulness evaluation process.
This paper presents an exploratory study conducted to understand how audio-visual prompts are understood by people on an emotional level as a first step towards the more challenging task of designing emotionally aligned prompts for persons with cognitive disabilities such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Persons with ADRD often need assistance from a caregiver to complete daily living activities such as washing hands, making food, or getting dressed. Artificially intelligent systems have been developed that can assist in such situations. This paper presents a set of prompt videos of a virtual human ‘Rachel’, wherein she expressively communicates prompts at each step of a simple hand washing task, with various human-like emotions and behaviors. A user study was conducted for 30 such videos with respect to three basic and important dimensions of emotional experience: evaluation, potency, and activity. The results show that, while people generally agree on the evaluation (valence: good/bad) of a prompt, consensus about power and activity is not as socially homogeneous. Our long term aim is to enhance such systems by delivering automated prompts that are emotionally aligned with individuals in order to help with prompt adherence and with long-term adoption.