100 Philosophie und Psychologie
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This article serves as an introduction to the FQS special issue 'Participatory Qualitative Research'. In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in participatory research strategies. The articles in this special issue come from different disciplines. Against the background of concrete empirical research projects, they address numerous conceptual considerations and methodological approaches. After reading the contributions, and engaging with the authors' arguments, the authors were prompted to focus in particular on those areas in which further work needs to be done. They include, on the one hand, fundamental principles of participatory research, such as democratic-theory considerations, the concept of 'safe space', participation issues, and ethical questions. And, on the other hand, the authors focus an practical research considerations regarding the rote and tasks of the various participants; specific methodological approaches; and quality criteria - understood here in the sense of arguments justifying a participatory approach. The authors' aim is to stimulate a broad discussion that does not focus only on participatory research in the narrower sense. Because participatory methodology poses certain knowledge- and research-related questions in a radical way, it has the potential to draw attention to hitherto neglected areas in qualitative methodology and to stimulate their further development.
Dieser Beitrag soll in die FQS-Schwerpunktausgabe "Partizipative qualitative Forschung" einführen. Partizipative Forschungsstrategien finden in neuerer Zeit wieder größeres Interesse. Die Aufsätze aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen befassen sich auf dem Hintergrund von konkreten empirischen Forschungsprojekten mit verschiedenen konzeptionellen Überlegungen und methodischen Herangehensweisen. Über die Lektüre dieser Beiträge und in Auseinandersetzung mit den Forderungen der Autor/innen sind wir dazu angeregt worden, auf jene Bereiche besonders einzugehen, in denen unserer Ansicht nach weitergearbeitet werden sollte. Dies betrifft Grundlagen partizipativer Forschung wie demokratietheoretische Überlegungen, das Konzept des "sicheren Raums", Fragen der Partizipation oder der Ethik, aber auch forschungspraktische Fragen zur Rolle und zu den Aufgaben der verschiedenen Teilnehmenden, zu besonderen methodischen Herangehensweisen bis zur Frage der Gütekriterien, die hier als Rechtfertigungsargumente verstanden werden. Damit soll zu einer breiten Diskussion angeregt werden, die nicht nur auf den engeren Bereich partizipativer Forschung bezogen sein sollte. Da partizipative Methodik manche Fragen nach Erkenntnis und Forschung radikal stellt, birgt sie in sich auch die Chance, auf bisher vernachlässigte Bereiche in der qualitativen Methodik hinzuweisen und ihre weitere Entwicklung anzuregen.
La Mettrie ist als Autor des Homme Machine (1747) in die Geistesgeschichte eingegangen. Das Buch war Anlass seiner Emigration an den Hof Friedrichs, wo er seine letzten Lebensjahre verbrachte und auch an seinen maschinen-philosophischen Themen intensiv weiterschrieb. Satirisch nannte er sich dabei selbst "Herr Maschine", aber entsprach das auch seinem Selbstverständnis und wie haben ihn die Zeitgenossen gesehen? Diesen Fragen geht die vorliegende Studie nach, indem sie ein dreifaches Porträt La Mettries zeichnet: Sie überprüft erstens die konkreten Porträtbilder, die zu ihm vorliegen oder ihm bloß zugeschrieben wurden. Zweitens diskutiert sie das zu seiner Zeit gerade aktuell gewordene Thema des Physiognomischen, das La Mettrie zur Illustration seiner materialistischen Seelenkonzeption nutzte und drittens benennt sie die schriftlichen Masken, die er vorsätzlich hinterlassen hat, um sich vor uns zu verbergen.
Gruppenzugehörigkeit und Narzissmus in therapeutischen Gruppen und psychoanalytischen Gruppierungen
(2016)
We propose a unified theory of intentions as neural processes that integrate representations of states of affairs, actions, and emotional evaluation. We show how this theory provides answers to philosophical questions about the concept of intention, psychological questions about human behavior, computational questions about the relations between belief and action, and neuroscientific questions about how the brain produces actions. Our theory of intention ties together biologically plausible mechanisms for belief, planning, and motor control. The computational feasibility of these mechanisms is shown by a model that simulates psychologically important cases of intention.
Author Reply
(2014)
We are pleased that all the commentators seem to agree that a theory-driven integration across disciplines is a worthwhile endeavor to better understand the social constitution of emotion. In our reply, we first take up the idea of relating affect control theory (ACT) to cultural priming and suggest links to an ACT-inspired constraint satisfaction explanation of priming. Second, we address reservations concerning ACT’s capability to account for emotions with nonconceptual content and to explain stability and change in affective meanings. Third, we clarify the relation of affect control theory to psychological constructionism, in particular with regard to conceptualizations of culture and society. Finally, we suggest that computational models are an adequate tool to address multilevel issues in the study of emotion.
In recent years, scholars have come to understand emotions as dynamic and socially constructed—the product of interdependent cultural, relational, situational, and biological influences. While researchers have called for a multilevel theory of emotion construction, any progress toward such a theory must overcome the fragmentation of relevant research across various disciplines and theoretical frameworks. We present affect control theory as a launching point for cross-disciplinary collaboration because of its empirically grounded conceptualization of social mechanisms operating at the interaction, relationship, and cultural levels, and its specification of processes linking social and individual aspects of emotion. After introducing the theory, we illustrate its correspondence with major theories of emotion construction framed at each of four analytical levels: cultural, interactional, individual, and neural.
The diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered an effective policy strategy to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets. For large-scale adoption, however, demand-side oriented policy measures are required, based on consumers' transport needs, values and social norms. We introduce an empirically grounded, spatially explicit, agent-based model, InnoMind (Innovation diffusion driven by changing Minds), to simulate the effects of policy interventions and social influence on consumers' transport mode preferences. The agents in this model represent individual consumers. They are calibrated based on empirically derived attributes and characteristics of survey respondents. We model agent decision-making with artificial neural networks that account for the role of emotions in information processing. We present simulations of 4 scenarios for the diffusion of EVs in the city of Berlin, Germany (3 policy scenarios and 1 base case). The results illustrate the varying effectiveness of measures in different market segments and the need for appropriate policies tailored to the heterogeneous needs of different travelers. Moreover, the simulations suggest that introducing an exclusive zone for EVs in the city would accelerate the early-phase diffusion of EVs more effectively than financial incentives only.