000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke
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Main studies on social science information behaviour in the 70s revealed that social scientists do not use formal information tools like bibliographies or reference databases, but rather rely on personal recommendations, browsing in journals, and citations found in other publications (often referred to as citation chaining) (Line 1971, 1980) They rely on monograph as well as on periodical literature, but their own citations refer to a large extent to primary data. Social scientists often use literature outside their own discipline (exceptions' psychology and economics) with the consequence that one may not always find relevant resources in just one database or information system. The data used by the social sciences does not always come from social science research, but is mainly taken from other contexts not indexed in social sciences information systems. Unlike the other broad scientific areas, social science information is not only used by researchers, but also by practitioners.
Steering and visualization
(2010)
Computational steering is an investigative paradigm whereby the parameters of a running program can be altered according to what is seen in the currently visualized results of the simulation. For certain problems, interactive computation brings specific benefits: parameter sweeps can be completed more efficiently by quickly identifying combinations of input values that yield nonsensical results; ‘what-if’ studies may elucidate a number of related hypotheses without computing all of them from scratch; even simply tracking the development of a computation on-line may allow its early termination (with consequent resource savings) if it turns out its set-up was flawed for some reason. Having first come to prominence in the 1990s, the take-up of steering has accelerated in recent years: high performance computer (HPC) facilites have become more widely available, usage of the Grid is increasing, and visualization is experiencing take-up beyond the walls of the pioneering graphics laboratories that first nurtured it. All these factors combine to expand the range and difficulty of the scientific problems that can be tackled by steering. However, this benefit comes at the cost of increasing hardware and software complexity which itself may defeat further progress. This paper discusses these issues and, in the light of some users’ recent experiences, charts the challenges that still face us.
On the basis of the experience gained by implementing the German national Internet information server for the social sciences, some general reflections are made on the status of providing information by this communication channel. For a certain time the dissemination of information via the Internet will mean an extra workload for the majority of traditional participants in the information market. Other information and publishing media like books, journals or databases will remain the central part of the market. On the other hand it is obvious that Internet information activities will have an essential impact in the near future, while the market player's positions will undergo a fundamental redefinition. Before entering the new market, information providers must analyze carefully their own goals, strenghs and possibilities. The task of social information specialists is to assure the scientific quality of the information they are offering.
Das Informationszentrum Sozialwissenschaften (IZ) stellt vor allem auf der Basis seiner Datenbanken SOLIS und FORIS sozialwissenschaftliche Informationen für den deutschsprachigen Bereich zur Verfügung. Die Informationsdienstleistungen des IZ werden in vielfältiger Form angeboten. Eines der dabei zur Anwendung kommenden Medien ist CD-ROM. Seit 1991 wird die Literaturdatenbank SOLIS auf der CD-ROM WISO zusammen mit den beiden wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Datenbanken BLISS und HWWA angeboten. Die Analyse der Nutzung der IZ-Datenbanken auf CD-ROM ist ein Teil der allgemeinen Nutzerforschung im IZ und dient wie diese der marktgerechten Gestaltung und Plazierung der IZ-Dienstleistungen. Es soll hiermit festgestellt werden, von welchen Gruppen und in welchem Umfang die Datenbanken auf diesem Medium genutzt werden. Zunächst sollen die gewählte Vorgehensweise und Probleme einer solchen Nutzeranalyse kritisch reflektiert werden. Es folgen danach Angaben zur Abonnentenstruktur, zum Rücklauf der Umfrage und schließlich einige empirische Ergebnisse, vornehmlich aus dem universitären Nutzerkreis.
Bibliotheken
(2004)