ISI 2013, Einzelbeiträge
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In this paper we present a methodological framework for usefulness evaluation of digital libraries and information services that has been tested successfully in two case studies before developing a corresponding tool that may be used for further investigations. The tool is based on a combination of a knowledge base with exploitable and modifiable questions and an open source tool for online-questionnaires.
The dramatic increase in information on the World Wide Web makes it more difficult for web users using web search engines to effectively satisfy their information needs. The users’ lack of knowledge regarding the searched topics creates a complicated problem when formulating an effective query. Query expansion can play an essential role in overcoming such a deficit.
However, because they lack sufficient knowledge about the searched topics,
users sometimes find it difficult to evaluate the relatedness of the system’s
automatically expanded terms. This problem arises mostly in domain-specific areas, e.g. Social Science. In this paper, we expand the queries based on a structured, open knowledge resource on the Web (Wikipedia). We link the
entities from a domain-specific corpus (qualitative journals in social science)
to Wikipedia entities. With Wikipedia serving as background knowledge, we
help users with their selections by providing the most likely related terms.
Furthermore, users are provided with contextual information that describes
each expanded term in order to give users a clearer idea about the meaning of each expanded term. By utilizing 10 test queries chosen by experts who also evaluated the results, we compared the results of using Wikipedia with the results achieved by using a qualitative journal.
Stem cell research has been a fast growing, highly successful, and at the
same time highly controversial field in recent years. Using a highly optimized
author co-citation analysis methodology to study the intellectual structure
of this field over the time period 2004–2009, we find that the induced
pluripotent stem cell breakthrough that earned Shinya Yamanaka the 2012
Nobel Prize in Medicine did indeed quickly redefine its entire research field,
and thus might truly qualify as a “paradigm shift” in Kuhn’s sense.
The development of digital publications is making headway due to increasing
data-intensive research activities and may also be noticed in subject areas
like the humanities where this empirical approach is completely new and driven forth by the new technologies. At the same time, the decline of hermeneutical research can be observed. This is closely connected with the role
of documents and texts in scholarly communication. Accordingly, future
publications are likely to turn into objects which might be enhanced by the
integration of different materials like data sets, digitized texts, pictures,
audios, videos etc. The crucial point is the question which format will allow
the aggregation and publication of the very complex findings of data-intensive research.
The paper evaluates the turn to practice in information science, through a summary of the theory and exploration of empirical data about the use of collaborative software. Themes of practice theory, namely: change, sociomateriality,
relational thinking and knowing are summarised and previous use of practice based approaches to studying the adoption of information
technologies are discussed. The empirical data is thirty interviews with Human
Resource professionals involved in a project in a large Mexican University.
The strength of the analysis using the practice based approach is to deepen
our understanding of context emerge from an analysis of the data. The sociology of translation can be used to further deepen understanding of the political process around the project. Remaining issues point to a major issue
with practice based approaches, namely the adequacy of its treatment of
structural power.
This paper presents a scientometric study of articles from journals indexed in Web of Science (WoS), subject category "Information Science and Library Science". The results confirm the Anglo-American dominance in the library and information science literature (included in WoS), which is even stronger if only research-oriented information science journals are considered. The
two major exceptions are the Scandinavian countries and the field of scientometrics.
The visibility of Germany and Austria turned out to be relatively low.
In the 1990s, cultural theorists who speculated about the implications of the
Internet for society, education, interpersonal interaction and academic research tended to base their thinking on the assumptions of semiotics, or, in its
most radical form, deconstruction. There was an emphasis on hypertext and
hypermedia. The driving forces of that initial decade of the Internet have left
us with a Semiotic Information Science: the study, design and implementation of communicating processes and relations – in a word, links –among nodes of information. In libraries and businesses, archives and museums, we
catalog, index, manipulate, store and retrieve information. The paradigm shift to a Semantic Web and a Semantic Information Science offers the strong hope that we can move towards a science and society of qualitatively greater knowledge and intelligence. I advocate an expansion of the meaning of Semantic Web from a set of standard data formats for including "semantic" content in web pages to semantics understood as the branches of linguistics, computer science and psychology that deal with meaning. A Semantic Information Science will focus on the contexts that give meaning to words (as
in linguistic lexical semantics), emphasize the ineffable and experiential
qualities of "nodes of information" (as in psychological semantics), and
deepen the meanings and interpretations of programming expressions (as in
my proposed extension of computer science semantics). Semantic software (see the SBSGRID platform) will provide natural language access to databases, return answers to associative questions, bring together the flexibility of search with the precision of query, and contextually fathom the user’s needs. The more meaningful information of the Semantic Web and a Semantic Information Science will help us to "work, play, learn and care for our health
differently"(ibid.) and give us more meaningful lives.
The landscape of society continues to undergo tremendous change. Social
challenges are more complex than ever before, often crossing multiple geopolitical
boundaries, creating new socio-economic boundaries and involving new relationships and interdependencies among actors. Natural and humanmade
disasters continue to present multiple challenges linked to information access. Scientific instruments and sensors are producing new types and large volumes of digital data that require curation. Personal, cultural and organizational heritage digital data that allow for new ways of interacting with information and others, and new ways of understanding ourselves and our society
continue to increase. These trends present challenges and opportunities for information and library science that place demands on our academic leadership. This paper discusses these challenges and demands.