FB1 Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaften
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In this paper, we want to present research on children’s perspectives in the context of participation. We emphasize that the survey of children's perspectives is a form of participation. We understand participation based on children’s rights. We refer to the Lundy model ([2007]. “‘Voice’ Is Not Enough: Conceptualising Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.” British Educational Research Journal 33 (6): 927–942. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920701657033), which emphasizes that it is not enough to simply ask children to speak their minds. Rather, they also need the experience that their views have an influence. In the discourse on quality in ECEC, children's perspectives became only recently the focus of extended research. In evaluation instruments, at least in Germany, the inclusion of children’s perspectives is rare. In the study presented here, these two aspects are brought together using the example of the evaluation instrument QuaSi. We describe how children's perspectives are taken into account in the evaluation and feedback process in contrast to everyday life in ECEC centres. It becomes clear that the collection of children's perspectives and their feedback to the pedagogues in the centre does not automatically lead to their views influencing the quality of the centre.
This paper presents an exploratory study conducted to understand how audio-visual prompts are understood by people on an emotional level as a first step towards the more challenging task of designing emotionally aligned prompts for persons with cognitive disabilities such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Persons with ADRD often need assistance from a caregiver to complete daily living activities such as washing hands, making food, or getting dressed. Artificially intelligent systems have been developed that can assist in such situations. This paper presents a set of prompt videos of a virtual human ‘Rachel’, wherein she expressively communicates prompts at each step of a simple hand washing task, with various human-like emotions and behaviors. A user study was conducted for 30 such videos with respect to three basic and important dimensions of emotional experience: evaluation, potency, and activity. The results show that, while people generally agree on the evaluation (valence: good/bad) of a prompt, consensus about power and activity is not as socially homogeneous. Our long term aim is to enhance such systems by delivering automated prompts that are emotionally aligned with individuals in order to help with prompt adherence and with long-term adoption.
Post-digital fairy tales
(2021)
How can Interactive Digital Narratives (IDNs) be employed to reflect on and understand post-digital society and its challenges? To discuss such a complex matter, object of our investigation through the years, we rely on the results of an experimentation that used fairy tales as a starting point for opening up imagination and increasing the distance to everyday life and typical media usage behavior. The activity “Postdigital Fairy Tales” was conducted at Politecnico di Milano, bringing together 45 students in Communication Design for five full days of intensive experimentation. We explored the practice of crafting and developing interactive narratives that analyze societal twists and shifts due to digitalization by remixing traditional fairy tale narratives with aspects of our post-digital era. For this reason we chose to focus on Instagram and to exploit its affordances. The results show how IDNs can be used to question digital media usage with regard to patterns of aesthetics and interaction modes, and to analyse the wicked problems associated with digitalization.
Infants show impressive speech decoding abilities and detect acoustic regularities that highlight the syntactic relations of a language, often coded via non-adjacent dependencies (NADs, e.g., is singing). It has been claimed that infants learn NADs implicitly and associatively through passive listening and that there is a shift from effortless associative learning to a more controlled learning of NADs after the age of 2 years, potentially driven by the maturation of the prefrontal cortex. To investigate if older children are able to learn NADs, Lammertink et al. (2019) recently developed a word-monitoring serial reaction time (SRT) task and could show that 6–11-year-old children learned the NADs, as their reaction times (RTs) increased then they were presented with violated NADs. In the current study we adapted their experimental paradigm and tested NAD learning in a younger group of 52 children between the age of 4–8 years in a remote, web-based, game-like setting (whack-a-mole). Children were exposed to Italian phrases containing NADs and had to monitor the occurrence of a target syllable, which was the second element of the NAD. After exposure, children did a “Stem Completion” task in which they were presented with the first element of the NAD and had to choose the second element of the NAD to complete the stimuli. Our findings show that, despite large variability in the data, children aged 4–8 years are sensitive to NADs; they show the expected differences in r RTs in the SRT task and could transfer the NAD-rule in the Stem Completion task. We discuss these results with respect to the development of NAD dependency learning in childhood and the practical impact and limitations of collecting these data in a web-based setting.
Den Abschluss des Sammelbandes bildet eine transkribierte und leicht editierte Podiumsdiskussion zwischen Morus Markard, Günter Mey, Julia Scholz und Stefan Thomas. Gegenstand der Diskussion ist zum einen der gegenwärtige Stand qualitativer Methoden in der psychologischen Lehre und Forschung an deutschen Hochschulen und zum anderen das Verhältnis von qualitativer Forschung und kritischen Psychologien.
Als 2012 in Frankreich die so genannte Homo-Ehe und das Adoptionsrecht für gleichgeschlechtliche Paare eingeführt werden sollte, gab es landesweit große Proteste. Auch in Deutschland wird spätestens seit dem Gesetz über die eingetragenen Lebenspartnerschaften und der bestehenden Möglichkeit zur Partnerschaftsadoption immer wieder darüber diskutiert, ob nicht auch gleichgeschlechtliche Paare berechtigt sein sollten, Kinder zu adoptieren. Die Wogen schlagen bei diesem Thema relativ hoch.
Mutter-Familien sind in der bundesrepublikanischen Gesellschaft des beginnenden 21. Jahrhunderts die verbreitetste aller sogenannten alternativen Familienformen. Waren bis in die 60er Jahre des vorigen Jahrhunderts Mutter-Familien, wie überhaupt Ein-Elter-Familien, noch weitgehend Folge von Verwitwung (Kriegswitwen), so lässt sich damit die hohe Zahl von Mutter-Familien heute nicht mehr erklären. Mutter-Familien entstehen im wesentlichen in Folge von Trennung und Scheidung und sind nur zu einem geringen Teil (14 %) die autonome Entscheidung selbstbewusster junger Frauen (vgl. Schneider u. a. 2001, S. 32 ff.). Dennoch kann wohl davon gesprochen werden, dass viele der alleinerziehenden Mütter diese Familienform für sich und ihre Kinder wählen. Sie heiraten nach einer Scheidung nicht wieder, eine neue Partnerschaft spielt für sie eine untergeordnete Rolle im Vergleich zu der Beziehung zu ihrem Kind, sie richten ihren Alltag auf ihr Kind aus. Mit dieser Entscheidung liegen sie zum einen quasi im gesellschaftlichen Trend, zum anderen versuchen sie damit aber auch, je individuell ihrem Leben Orientierung und Sinn zu geben.