FB1 Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaften
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- FB1 Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaften (57) (entfernen)
Konflikte in der Kita
(2022)
Wertebildung in der Kita
(2016)
Wie lernen Kinder?
(2013)
Die Interaktion zwischen pädagogischer Fachkraft und Kind ist eine zentrale Qualitätsdimension in der frühen Bildung. Ein Interaktionsformat wurde als besonders wirksam für weitere Bildungsverläufe identifiziert: sustained shared thinking (SST). SST ist eine Form kognitiver Kooperation. Es setzt aktive Partizipation der Interagierenden voraus und zielt auf gemeinsame gedankliche Problemlösungen, Begriffsklärungen und Bewertungen von Ereignissen. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, mit Hilfe eines standardisierten experimentellen Settings Aufschluss über die Einflüsse von zentralen SST-Sprechhandlungen auf quantitativ-sprachliche und sprachlich-kognitive abhängige Variablen bei Kindern zu gewinnen. Dazu wurde das Dialogverhalten von Kindern im Alter von 2 bis 6 Jahren (N = 38) mit ihren Bezugserzieherinnen bei der Betrachtung von Bildkarten in 1:1-Situationen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass die Anwendung von SST-Sprechhandlungen einen positiven Einfluss auf das Sprachverhalten von Kindern hat und dass diese Effekte unabhängig vom sozioökonomischen Status und kognitiver Leistung (hier Arbeitsgedächtnis als Proxy für fluide kognitive Fähigkeiten) der Kinder auftreten.
Numerical magnitude information is assumed to be spatially represented in the form of a mental number line defined with respect to a body-centred, egocentric frame of reference. In this context, spatial language skills such as mastery of verbal descriptions of spatial position (e.g., in front of, behind, to the right/left) have been proposed to be relevant for grasping spatial relations between numerical magnitudes on the mental number line. We examined 4- to 5-year-old’s spatial language skills in tasks that allow responses in egocentric and allocentric frames of reference, as well as their relative understanding of numerical magnitude (assessed by a number word comparison task). In addition, we evaluated influences of children’s absolute understanding of numerical magnitude assessed by their number word comprehension (montring different numbers using their fingers) and of their knowledge on numerical sequences (determining predecessors and successors as well as identifying missing dice patterns of a series). Results indicated that when considering responses that corresponded to the egocentric perspective, children’s spatial language was associated significantly with their relative numerical magnitude understanding, even after controlling for covariates, such as children’s SES, mental rotation skills, and also absolute magnitude understanding or knowledge on numerical sequences. This suggests that the use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language may facilitate spatial representation of numbers along a mental number line and thus seem important for preschoolers’ relative understanding of numerical magnitude.
Adult-child interactions can support children's development and are established as predictors of program quality in early childhood settings. However, the linguistic components that constitute positive interactions have not yet been studied in detail. This study investigates the effects of hypotheses proposed by adults on children's responses in a dyadic picture-book viewing situation. In 2 experiments, adults’ use of hypotheses (e.g., “Maybe this is a dwarf's door”) was tested against the use of instructive statements (“This is a dwarf's door”) and in combination with open questions (“What do you think, why is the door so small?”). In Experiment 1, hypotheses differed from instructions only by the modal marker “maybe”. Children's responses to hypotheses were longer and contained more self-generated explanations as compared to responses to instructions. The use of hypotheses also seemed to encourage children to attach more importance to their own explanations. In Experiment 2, combining hypotheses with open-ended why questions elicited longer responses but no more self-generated explanations in children than open-ended questions alone. Results indicate that subtle differences in adults’ utterances can directly influence children's reasoning and children's contributions to dialogues.
Wie eine pädagogische Fachkraft mit den Kindern interagiert und sie damit in ihrer Entwicklung unterstützt, hängt maßgeblich davon ab, wie sie lernanregenden Interaktionen gegenüber eingestellt ist. Diese Einstellungen werden im Beitrag mit sogenannten cognitive-affective maps (CAMs) erfasst. Zur Erstellung der CAMs wurden leitfadengestützte Interviews mit pädagogischen Fachkräften (N = 18) aus sechs verschiedenen Einrichtungen analysiert. Die CAMs zeigen, dass die befragten Fachkräfte hauptsächlich auf sozial-emotionale Aspekte von Interaktionen rekurrieren und ihre täglichen Interaktionen mit den Kindern selbst positiv bewerten. Konkretes Wissen zu lernanregenden Interaktionsformaten benennen sie hingegen kaum. Ein Vergleich der Einstellungen der Fachkräfte deutet auf teamspezifische Besonderheiten hin. In einigen Einrichtungen sind die Einstellungen der Fachkräfte deutlich homogener als in anderen. Die Ergebnisse werden in ihrer Bedeutung für Fortbildungsangebote diskutiert und CAMs als gewinnbringende Methode zur Eruierung teamspezifischer Fortbildungsbedarfe und als Fortbildungsmethode selbst vorgeschlagen.
The idea that a simple execution of an innovation invented by actors other than those who are expected to apply it is not likely to take place is a truism. We assume, however, in this paper the idea of a discursive production of knowledge on the application of an innovation across different levels of the education system. We aim to shed light on an innovation’s ‘journey’ from educational policy over training providers to teams of professionals in early childhood education and care (ECEC). By investigating knowledge and emotions associated with the introduction of an intended innovation using the example of “stimulation interactions” in day care-centers, the paper contributes to research on the transfer of innovations in education. To better understand challenges occurring during the transfer of innovations, we triangulate methods from discourse theory (coding techniques based on GTM) and cognitive science, namely cognitive-affective mapping (according to the scholarly conventions). The data corpus includes educational plans (N = 2), in-service training programs (N = 123) and group discussions of pedagogical teams (N = 6) who participated in an in-service training on the subject, stimulating interaction. Findings underline that similar messages from the inventors on the educational policy level are received and processed heterogeneously by the teams of pedagogues as a result of their preexisting views, routine practices and experiences with intended innovations through in-service trainings. Besides, a diffuse mixture of competing and contradictory information is communicated to the professionals and, hence, collides with the in-service training providers’ and educational policy actors’ expectations on the processing of the intended innovation. Specific knowledge elements and their valences are diametrically opposed to each other. Dissonances like these are considered as obstacles to social innovation. The obstacles are caused by the lack of a ‘common language’ beyond all levels. Hence, policy-makers and in-service-training providers should anticipate the supportive as well as competing knowledge-emotional complexes of professionals and take these into account when communicating an intended innovation.